[Evaluation of a posologic scheme for the continuous intravenous administration of aminophylline].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Ferrari
Publications and source records attributed to M Ferrari.
Routine chromosome analysis on fetal blood microaliquots obtained at fetoscopy.
A routine study of the fetal karyotype was performed on samples obtained at 64 fetoscopic procedures. In 13 cases only pure amniotic fluid was available for the cultures, while in the remaining 51 cases the chromosome analysis was carried out on PHA-stimulated lymphocyte microcultures set up with any excess fetal blood above the requirements for globin-chain synthesis. Karyotype could be determined on fetal lymphocytes in 44 cases (86 per cent). All the fetuses were chromosomally normal. This experience shows that cytogenetic analysis using microaliquots of fetal blood is a relatively simple technique which should be introduced into routine prenatal diagnosis by fetoscopy.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Efficient direct chromosome analyses and enzyme determinations from chorionic villi samples in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Chorionic villi were obtained by an aspiration technique which proved to be the best of four alternative procedures. We report in detail the series of experiments which led to (1) successful, rapidly growing cell cultures practically free of maternal cell contamination (the use of hormone-supplemented Chang medium greatly increased the growth rate); (2) an efficient direct method to obtain high quality metaphases from the Langhans cells of the cytotrophoblast tissue and with which the fetal karyotype is defined within a few hours of chorionic villi sampling; and (3) successful testing for the activity of eight enzymes directly from the villi samples, thus showing that this material is suitable for a rapid, direct diagnosis of the related metabolic diseases.
Catheterization↗
Self-recognition deficits in autism: syndrome-specific or general developmental delay?
Many reports can be found in the theoretical literature that refer to a lack of self-awareness or a failure to distinguish self from nonself as a characteristic of autistic children. The empirical literature also contains reports of behaviors in autistic children that have often been taken as reflective of a failure to differentiate self, i.e., pronominal reversal, gaze aversion. The present study investigated the development of self-recognition in 15 autistic children in an effort to determine whether failures of self-recognition were of possible diagnostic significance for the syndrome or rather were reducible to general indices of developmental function, i.e., mental age. Fifty-three percent of the sample showed clear self-recognition. On the basis of a developmental assessment and data from a teacher questionnaire, these children were found to be functioning at mental ages akin to developmental norms for self-recognition. Those who failed to show self-recognition had mental ages below the developmental level at which many children recognize themselves and significantly lower than those autistic children who showed self-recognition. The results suggest that even when autistic children fail to recognize their self-images, this failure can be taken not as evidence for a syndrome-specific deficit but as a reflection of a general developmental delay.
Attention↗
Reactivation of Bovid herpesvirus 1 and 2 and parainfluenza-3 virus in calves latently infected.
Two experiments were carried out to determine whether Bovid herpesvirus (BHV) 2 is able to induce a recurrent infection in experimentally infected calves. In the first experiment the stress induced by dexamethasone (DMS) treatment failed to reactivate the clinical condition or to induce shedding of BHV2. However, treatment with DMS reactivated a latent BHV1 infection in all calves previously inoculated with BHV2 and also in two noninoculated controls. Probably, because of the interference by BHV1 the study failed to resolve the question as to whether BHV2 could induce a recurrent infection. Consequently, a second experiment was performed using calves devoid of antibody to BHV1 and, therefore, probably, free of virus. By this study it was demonstrated that BHV2 can remain as a latent infection in cattle, which, when immunosuppressed as with DMS, can be reactivated. A finding of considerable interest in this experiment was that in 1 calf a concurrent piroplasma infection was also, unexpectedly, discovered. Recrudescence of latent BHV1 infection was induced by DMS treatment of calves possessing antibody to the virus. The infection once reactivated, was readily transmitted by contact to three other calves devoid of antibody to BHV1. In the same experiment Parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus was unexpectedly isolated from all calves. It was speculated that all calves were latently infected with PI-3 virus with concurrent infection by HBV1 acting as a stress inducing PI-3 reactivation. These studies seem to indicate that mixed infections could have an important role in the mechanism involved in the establishment of latent infections and viral reactivation.
Animals↗
A study of cytopathic rotavirus strains isolated from calves with acute enteritis.
Nine cytopathic bovine rotavirus strains were isolated in MA-104 cell cultures from fecal specimens of dairy calves suffering from diarrhea. Isolation of the virus was accomplished from three outbreaks which occurred on dairy farms located in Central and Southern Italy. Fecal suspensions were treated with a high concentration (1000 micrograms/ml) of trypsin, and inoculated into MA-104 cell cultures grown out in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 5 micrograms/ml of the enzyme. Cytopathic effects (CPE), characterized by intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies of different sizes and shapes, were observed on the 1st passage with five of the strains and on the 2nd (2 strains) or the 3rd (2 strains) passage for the others. The presence of trypsin and the use of MA-104 cells appeared to be essential for the occurrence of CPE, inasmuch as no CPE was detected when trypsin was omitted in the MA-104 cell system. Replication failed to occur when primary bovine embryo kidney cell cultures with or without trypsin were used. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of particles with a typical rotavirus morphology. In MA-104 cells, the titre of virus reached its maximum 48 hr after inoculation. Small, clear-cut plaques were produced by the isolates in MA-104 cells under the overlay of MEM containing carboxymethyl cellulose, trypsin and DEAE-dextran. The nine rotavirus strains were antigenically related, whereas the relationship to either the Nebraska or the Compton rotaviruses was quite weak.
Acute Disease↗
Experimental infection and cross protection tests in calves with cytopathic strains of bovine rotavirus.
Four cytopathic strains (81/32F, 81/36F, 81/40F, 82/80F) of bovine rotavirus were shown to be pathogenic for conventionally reared newborn calves. Calves were infected orally, using 3 calves for each isolate. All became febrile, were depressed and diarrhoeic. Two calves, one of which in the group of those infected with 81/36F isolate, and the other infected with strain 81/40F, were killed when moribund. A 3rd calf from the 81/36F infected group, died. At necropsy localized lesions of the small intestines, which are considered to be typical of rotavirus infection, were found. Virus was consistently isolated from the fecal samples of the inoculated calves up to 13 days post-inoculation. It was speculated that some differences existed in the virulence of the bovine rotaviruses tested. The cross protection tests revealed that 1 strain (81/36F) might be antigenically more complex than the others.
Animals↗
The amount of white pulp in the spleen; a morphometrical study done in methacrylate-embedded splenectomy specimens.
This report deals with a morphometrical study on 92 surgically removed human spleens, to investigate the composition of spleens which are considered to be normal, i.e. spleens which had ruptured in traffic accidents or which had been incidentally removed during abdominal operations. A comparison was made with 16 spleens with hypersequestration of platelets and to 11 with hyper-sequestration of erythrocytes. Methyl-methacrylate embedding was used because of the superiority of this technique over conventional paraffin embedding. Significant differences were found between both 'normal' groups as to the absolute and relative amount of white pulp as well as the perifollicular red pulp zone. Based also on the few morphometrical reported studies in the literature, spleens removed during abdominal surgery form the best control group. Traumatic rupture of the spleen in traffic accidents might specifically occur in spleens which already contained a stimulated lymphatic compartment. A probably non-specific increase of white pulp was found in splenomegaly of varied aetiology. An expected influence of age on weight and composition of the spleen was not found in our study. The spleen changes in weight and composition only up to 5 years of age. Significant involution at older age was not found in ours nor in other reported larger series.
Adolescent↗
The family and the child with epilepsy.
Reports documenting psychosocial epiphenomena of chronic illness in individuals with that illness have been common in recent years. Few studies, however, have been concerned with how illness might affect the family. Those that have appeared in the literature often lack critical controls (i.e., control groups) and often fail to investigate possible links between illness-specific variables (i.e. chronicity, inhibition of mobility) and psychosocial outcomes on the family. The present study of 45 families focused on how children with epilepsy affect their families' functioning relative to families with a child with diabetes and families with no chronically ill members. The results suggest several areas of child and family adjustment (i.e. child self-concept, family communication, family cohesion) in which the families of epileptic children have great difficulty. Implications of these results are discussed with regard to differential influences of various chronic illnesses on families and family-based preventive and remedial treatment programs.
Child↗
Biological activity of indoprofen and its optical isomers.
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Animals↗
LDH isoenzyme distribution in human eosinophils.
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern has been determined in human eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with parasitic diseases. Almost equal LDH1 and LDH5 values appear to be a characteristic of the eosinophils obtained from healthy subjects. Eosinophilic granulocytes which have been isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with eosinophilia due to parasitic infestations have reduced values of LDH5 accompanied by higher LDH1 as compared with eosinophils from healthy donors. Centrifugation of cells through multiple discontinuous gradients of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica particles made it possible to isolate distinct eosinophil subpopulations of differing densities which showed differences in cell surface markers, K-cell activity and also LDH patterns. Analysis of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns showed that EAG+ and EAC+ eosinophilic leukocytes are characterized by very low values of LDH5.
Animals↗
Psychologic and behavioral disturbance among epileptic children treated with barbiturate anticonvulsants.
From their studies of epileptic children, the authors found that barbiturate anticonvulsants have several unexpected psychologic and behavioral effects. They suggest that clinicians dealing with depression in epileptic patients consider the possibility that barbiturate anticonvulsants may be a contributing factor.
Barbiturates↗
Effects of intravenous high doses of ketoprofen on blood clotting, bleeding time and platelet aggregation in man.
The effect of ketoprofen (Orudis, Farmitalia) on ADP, epinephrine (EPI) and collagen (COLL) induced platelet aggregation (PlA), simplate bleeding time (SBT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and per cent prothrombin activity (PrA) was studied in eleven patients, four males and seven females (median age 59 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (six cases), cancer (four cases) and osteoarthrosis (one case). Tests were performed before and 1, 8 and 24 hours after a single intravenous dose (600 mg) of ketoprofen and on Days 4 and 8 during a 7-day treatment (200 mg i.v. every 8 hours) and 1 day after withdrawal of the drug. PTT and PrA were not affected by the drug. Bleeding time was not significantly modified by the acute treatment, but was prolonged during the subacute course, though it was not different from baseline values at the end of the trial. Significant reduction of platelet aggregation was seen in both acute and subacute conditions with complete or almost complete recovery 36 hours after the last dose. It is concluded that ketoprofen affects platelets with readily reversible inhibition of in vitro aggregation and a slight increase of bleeding time.
Aged↗
Childhood migraine and somnambulism.
Based on a sample of 222 children from four diagnostic groups, a high frequency of somnambulism in children suffering from migraine headache is reported. The strength of the association between somnambulism and childhood migraine raises the possibility that somnambulism might be considered as a minor diagnostic criterion in the clinical diagnosis of childhood migraine. This association may further clarify the nature of the serotonin abnormality underlying migraine.
Adolescent↗
[2 cases of enterorrhagia caused by Meckel's diverticulum. Problems of diagnosis and therapy].
The authors study two cases of enterorrhage due to Meckel's diverticulum. They particularly emphasize the importance of two instrumental inspections: enema and abdominal scintigraphy with 99mTcO4, in the diagnostics of this malformative pathology, and the treatment with H2-blocking substances with the purpose to stop hemorrhage, circumstantiate the diagnostic suspicion, and operate electively.
Adult↗
[Pancreatic fistulas: evaluation of medical treatment in 50 observed cases].
The authors, on the basis of their experience concerning the observation and treatment of 50 patients sucering from "pure" pancreatic fistula, appraise the results of the therapy adopted. From their experience it results the Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is the choice protection in such patients. They report some encouraging preliminary results through the use of Somatostatin.
Humans↗
Non-invasive near infrared spectroscopy of brain in fluorocarbon exchange-transfused rats.
Near infrared spectra (700-930 nm) were recorded from the head of anesthetized rats before and after blood substitution with a fluorocarbon emulsion. A large band, centered at 850 nm and characteristic of oxidized cytochrome a, a3, was evidenced in hemoglobin-free living animals. Variations in the amplitude of this absorption band were observed under different respiratory conditions.
Animals↗
Successful treatment of recurrent renovascular hypertension by solitary kidney autotransplantation.
A case of recurrent renovascular hypertension is described in a patient with a solitary kidney successfully treated as an emergency for acute renal failure and unresponsive hypertension, by renal autotransplantation in the right iliac fossa. The results suggests that renal autotransplantation is a safe and reliable procedure in correcting particularly difficult renal vascular diseases where, due to the presence of a solitary kidney, all possible causes of technical failure of revascularization should be avoided.
Acute Kidney Injury↗