Biomedical subjects

M Feith

Publications and source records attributed to M Feith.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Histologic tumor type is an independent prognostic parameter in esophageal cancer: lessons from more than 1,000 consecutive resections at a single center in the Western world.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changing pattern in tumor type and postoperative deaths at a national referral center for esophageal cancer in the Western world and to assess prognostic factors for long-term survival after resection. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: During the past two decades, the epidemiology and treatment strategies of esophageal cancer have changed markedly in the Western world. The influence of these factors on postoperative deaths and long-term prognosis has not been adequately evaluated. METHODS: Between 1982 and 2000, 1,059 patients with primary esophageal squamous cell cancer or adenocarcinoma had resection with curative intention at a single center. Patient and tumor characteristics and details of the surgical procedure and outcome were documented during this period. Follow-up was available for 95.8% of the patients. Changing patterns in tumor type and postoperative deaths were analyzed. Prognostic factors for long-term survival were assessed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of adenocarcinoma in patients with resected esophageal cancer increased markedly during the study period. The postoperative death rate decreased from about 10% before 1990 to less than 2% since 1994, coinciding with the introduction of a procedure-specific composite risk score and exclusion of high-risk patients from surgical resection. In addition to the well-established prognostic parameters, tumor cell type "adenocarcinoma" was identified as a favorable independent predictor of long-term survival after resection. The independent prognostic effect of tumor cell type persisted in the subgroups of patients with primary resection and patients with primary resection and R0 category. CONCLUSION: Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer has become a safe procedure in experienced hands. Esophageal adenocarcinoma has a better long-term prognosis after resection than squamous cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

[Endoluminal therapy of neoplastic changes in the gastrointestinal tract: Barrett esophagus--from the viewpoint of the surgeon].

The need for radical subtotal esophagectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy in patients with early Barrett cancer, i.e. T1 tumors, is increasingly questioned. Based on the principles of surgical oncology, the precancerous nature of Barrett esophagus, and the high rate of lymph node metastases in patients with T1b tumors, the minimal extent of the procedure for early Barrett cancer must include the entire segment of the distal esophagus covered by intestinal metaplasia and a regional lymphadenectomy. In adequately selected patients this can be achieved by a limited surgical procedure with transhiatal resection of the distal esophagus and jejunum interposition, but not by endoscopic mucosal ablation or endoscopic mucosa resection. The high recurrence rates after endoscopic interventions does not support the use of these techniques in operable patients.

Barrett Esophagus↗

PubMed2000

Frequency and clinical impact of lymph node micrometastasis and tumor cell microinvolvement in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.

BACKGROUND: Tumor involvement of regional lymph nodes has a crucial impact on the prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG). Although additional tumor cell deposits can be detected by sensitive methods (e.g., immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction), their prognostic significance is uncertain. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3 antibody), the authors studied 3987 regional lymph nodes from 145 patients with completely resected adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (AEG I; n = 46 patients), cardia (AEG II; n = 79 patients), and subcardial region (AEG III; n = 20 patients). The newly detected cells were categorized with tumor cell microinvolvement (TCM) or with micrometastases (MM) based on tumor size and histology. RESULTS: Of the 75 pathologic lymph node negative (pN0) patients, 3 of 30 patients in the AEG I group (10%) and 8 of 45 patients in the AEG II and III groups (18%) had TCM (no significant difference). MM was found in 2 of 30 tumors in the AEG I group (7%) and in 11 of 45 tumors in the AEG II and III groups (24%), a significantly lower rate that that in the AEG I group (P < 0.05). Neither TCM nor MM showed a significant prognostic impact in AEG I tumors (P > 0.05). For the AEG II and III tumors, MM (new lymph node positive [pN+] cases) had a prognostic impact similar to metastases found by routine methods, with reclassification based on MM resulting in improvement in the pN0 group from 72.8 months to 82.6 months, but almost no change was seen in the pN+ group (49.9-49.2 months). TCM had no adverse impact on survival in any tumor type. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight important differences between AEG I tumors and AEG II and III tumors and argue for different lymphadenectomy strategies for patients with these tumor types.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Malignant degeneration of Barrett's esophagus: clinical point of view.

The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus is increasing at an alarming rate. Intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus, i.e. Barrett's esophagus, has been identified as the single most important risk factor for these tumors. Barrett's esophagus develops as a consequence of chronic mucosal injury in up to 10% of patients with long-lasting gastroesophageal reflux disease. Experimental and clinical data indicate that adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus is a direct consequence of mixed (i.e., acid and bile) reflux into the esophagus. Interestingly, Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach appears to exert a protective effect against the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Neither aggressive medical acid suppression nor antireflux surgery can induce a predictable regression of Barrett's esophagus or exert a protective effect against its malignant degeneration. Endoscopic ablation of Barrett's esophagus, although appealing, currently constitutes a potentially dangerous procedure without proven benefit for the patient. Since the development of Barrett's adenocarcinoma follows a multistep process from metaplasia through increasingly severe grades of dysplasia, close endoscopic surveillance with extensive biopsies currently remains the only means to identify patients at risk for malignant degeneration and detect esophageal adenocarcinoma at an early and curable stage.

Barrett Esophagus↗

PubMed2000

The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux, intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

Currently available data indicate a clear and probably causal relationship between long-lasting gastroesophageal reflux disease, the development of long segments with specialized intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus and subsequent progression to adenocarcinoma. To a lesser degree, this also appears to be the case for short segments of specialized intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus. In contrast, epidemiological data and classic parameters for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease do not currently support a causal role of gastroesophageal reflux in the pathogenesis of specialized intestinal metaplasia at the gastric cardia. Despite its high prevalence and malignant potential, many questions about the prevention and management of intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus remain unsolved. In patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux, current modes of medical therapy do not appear to prevent the development of intestinal metaplasia, while effective anti-reflux surgery seems to have a protective effect. Formal studies with adequate follow-up are, however, still lacking. Neither acid-suppression therapy nor anti-reflux surgery, with or without mucosal ablation, can reliably prevent the malignant degeneration of established intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus. Close endoscopic surveillance with extensive biopsies, therefore, remains mandatory in such patients, irrespective of the treatment modality.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Cancer of the esophagogastric junction.

In the Western world, there has been an alarming rise in the incidence and prevalence of adenocarcinoma arising at the esophagogastric junction during recent decades. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological data support a sub-classification of adenocarcinomas arising in the vicinity of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) into adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus (Type I), true carcinoma of the cardia (Type II) and subcardial carcinoma (Type III). While most, if not all, adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus arise from areas with specialized intestinal metaplasia, which develop as a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux, the etiology and pathogenesis of true carcinoma of the gastric cardia and subcardial gastric cancer is not clear at present. Although a subgroup of true carcinomas of the gastric cardia may also develop within short segments of intestinal metaplasia at the esophagogastric junction, a causal relation between these tumors and gastroesophageal reflux has been difficult to establish. Irrespective of the etiology, a complete removal of the primary tumor and its lymphatic drainage has to be the primary goal of any surgical approach to adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Our experience in the management of more than 1000 such patients during the past 18 years suggests that an individualized therapeutic strategy oriented by tumor type and stage results in survival rates superior to those reported with a more indiscriminate approach. This individualized strategy prescribes a transmediastinal esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy in the lower posterior mediastinum and along the celiac axis for Type I tumors, extended total gastrectomy with transhiatal resection of the distal esophagus and D2 lymphadenectomy for Type II and Type III tumors, a limited resection of the esophagogastric junction and distal esophagus with interposition of a pedicled jejunal segment for uT1N0 tumors, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by resection for uT3/T4 tumors. Extensive preoperative staging is essential to allow correct selection of the appropriate therapeutic strategy using this tailored approach.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: results of surgical therapy based on anatomical/topographic classification in 1,002 consecutive patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of surgical therapy based on a topographic/anatomical classification of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Because of its borderline location between the stomach and esophagus, the choice of surgical strategy for patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is controversial. METHODS: In a large single-center series of 1,002 consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, the choice of surgical approach was based on the location of the tumor center or tumor mass. Treatment of choice was esophagectomy for type I tumors (adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus) and extended gastrectomy for type II tumors (true carcinoma of the cardia) and type III tumors (subcardial gastric cancer infiltrating the distal esophagus). Demographic data, morphologic and histopathologic tumor characteristics, and long-term survival rates were compared among the three tumor types, focusing on the pattern of lymphatic spread, the outcome of surgery, and prognostic factors in patients with type II tumors. RESULTS: There were marked differences in sex distribution, associated intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus, tumor grading, tumor growth pattern, and stage distribution between the three tumor types. The postoperative death rate was higher after esophagectomy than extended total gastrectomy. On multivariate analysis, a complete tumor resection (R0 resection) and the lymph node status (pN0) were the dominating independent prognostic factors for the entire patient population and in the three tumor types, irrespective of the surgical approach. In patients with type II tumors, the pattern of lymphatic spread was primarily directed toward the paracardial, lesser curvature, and left gastric artery nodes; esophagectomy offered no survival benefit over extended gastrectomy in these patients. CONCLUSION: The classification of adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction into type I, II, and III tumors shows marked differences between the tumor types and provides a useful tool for selecting the surgical approach. For patients with type II tumors, esophagectomy offers no advantage over extended gastrectomy if a complete tumor resection can be achieved.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Limited resection for early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of disease in patients with pT1 esophageal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of a limited surgical approach. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Radical esophagectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy is widely advocated as the treatment of choice in patients with early adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. This approach, however, is associated with substantial complications and long-term side effects. The extent of resection necessary to achieve cure in such patients is not clear. METHODS: Seventy-one patients with pT1 adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus underwent transmediastinal or transthoracic esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy. Twenty-four patients with uT1N0 tumors underwent a limited resection of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction, regional lymphadenectomy, and reconstruction by interposition of an isoperistaltic pedicled jejunal segment. The two groups were compared for extent and multicentricity of the primary tumor and associated high-grade dysplasia, pattern of lymph node metastases, complications, deaths, and outcome of surgical treatment. RESULTS: Multicentric tumor growth or associated high-grade dysplasia was observed in 60.6% of the resection specimens. Complete resection of the tumor and the entire segment with intestinal metaplasia was achieved in all patients, irrespective of the surgical approach. Patients undergoing limited resection had fewer complications. Lymph node metastases or micrometastases were present in none of the 38 patients with tumors limited to the mucosa (pT1a) versus 10 of the 56 (17.9%) patients with tumors invading the submucosa (pT1b). Distant lymph node metastases occurred only in patients with more than three positive regional lymph nodes. Lymph node metastases were prognostic, but the pT1a/pT1b category and the surgical approach were not. The mean Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index after limited resection did not differ from that of healthy controls: 20 of the 24 patients were completely asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with early adenocarcinoma in the distal esophagus, resection of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction, with regional lymphadenectomy and jejunal interposition, is an attractive limited surgical alternative to radical esophagectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Individualized surgical strategies for cancer of the esophagogastric junction.

Due to their borderline location between the stomach and esophagus the optimal surgical strategy for patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is controversial. Irrespective of the surgical approach a complete removal of the primary tumor and its lymphatic drainage has to be the primary goal of surgical treatment of such tumors. Based on the experience with surgical resection of more than 1000 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction we recommend an individualized surgical strategy guided by tumor stage and topographic location of the tumor center or tumor mass. This requires detailed preoperative staging and classification of tumors arising in the vicinity of the esophagogastric junction into adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus (AEG Type I Tumors), true carcinoma of the gastric cardia (AEG Type II Tumors) and subcardial gastric carcinoma infiltrating the esophagogastric junction (AEG Type III Tumors). In patients with Type I Tumors transthoracic esophagectomy offers no survival benefit over radical transmediastinal esophagectomy, but is associated with higher morbidity. In patients with Type II or Type III tumors an extended total gastrectomy results in equal or superior survival and less postoperative mortality than a more extended esophagogastrectomy. In patients with early tumors, staged as uT1 on preoperative endosonography, a limited resection of the proximal stomach, cardia and distal esophagus with interposition of a pedicled isoperistaltic jejunal segment allows a complete tumor removal with adequate lymphadenectomy and offers excellent functional results. Multimodal treatment protocols with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined radiochemotherapy followed by surgical resection appear to markedly improve the prognosis in patients with locally advanced tumors who respond to preoperative treatment. With this tailored approach extensive preoperative staging becomes mandatory for an adequate selection of the appropriate therapeutic concept.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1998

Micrometastasis and tumor cell microinvolvement of lymph nodes from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: frequency, associated tumor characteristics, and impact on prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate micrometastasis (MM) and tumor cell microinvolvement (TCM) in the regional lymph nodes of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: MM was defined as individual tumor cells or tumor cell clusters <0.5 mm in greatest dimension with a surrounding stromal reaction. TCM was defined as individual tumor cells or tumor cell clusters without a surrounding stromal reaction. One thousand nine hundred and fifty-four lymph nodes were dissected from 69 complete (R0) resection specimens of TNM classified pT1-3, pN0 or pN1, and M0 esophageal SCC. These lymph nodes were examined immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody cocktail AE1/AE3 for cytokeratins. The primary tumors were immunostained with an anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: MM +/- TCM was found in 13 cases (31.7%) and TCM alone in 2 cases (4.9%) of the 41 pN0 cases. The pN0 patients with MM (but not TCM) had the same shorter survival as the original pN1 cases (P < 0.05). Of the 69 primary tumors, 49 (71.0%) had reduced or negative E-cadherin expression that showed a correlation with the occurrence of lymph node metastases (original pN1), MM, and TCM, but not prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study show that, in SCC of the esophagus, MM, but not TCM, in the regional lymph nodes is prognostically equivalent to metastasis and should be examined by immunohistochemistry to classify these cases correctly as pN1.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Simultaneous angle closure in twins.

PURPOSE: This article reports identical twin sisters who were found to have acute angle-closure glaucoma at the same time. METHODS: Two case reports. RESULTS: Two 73-year-old identical twin sisters presented to the emergency room with a complaint of decreased vision and eye pain after having been in a fist fight with each other the previous night. One sister exhibited signs of angle-closure glaucoma with an intraocular pressure > 50 mmHg in the left eye, while her twin sister presented with bilateral angle-closure glaucoma and similar intraocular pressures. Both patients were treated with anti-glaucoma medications and bilateral laser iridotomies. CONCLUSIONS: Polygenetic factors influence the configuration of the anterior chamber, but other environmental factors contribute to the risk of developing primary angle-closure glaucoma. Potentially occludable angles are more common in individuals with a first-degree relative with acute angle closure. Screening of these patients (especially twins) for occludable angles is recommended.

Acetazolamide↗