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Biomedical subjects

M Fay

Publications and source records attributed to M Fay.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Public health assessment of hexachlorobenzene.

Recently, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was proposed for inclusion in the system of toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) currently used for dioxin-like compounds. In this paper, we explore the practical implications of the proposition to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) programs by comparing respective health guidance values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and HCB (expressed as total toxicity equivalents [TEQs]), reviewing possible interactions between HCB and dioxin-like chemicals, and by providing information on actual co-existence of HCB and dioxin-like chemicals at hazardous waste sites. We found a good correlation between the TEF-adjusted oral exposure guidance values for HCB and guidance values for TCDD. The combination of HCB and other dioxin-like compounds was not found in soil, air, or water media at hazardous waste sites. Based on this fact, it is not necessary to include HCB in the total TEQ count at hazardous waste sites at this time.

Drug Interactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Public health implications of hazardous waste sites: findings, assessment and research.

In this paper we present an overview of the chemicals released from hazardous waste sites (HWS) and some of the mixtures of substances that have been released into environmental media. We describe how this information can be used to assess the public health hazard of releases of chemical mixtures from waste sites. Wherever possible, research on chemical mixtures should use chemical mixtures actually identified in, or representative of, mixtures in environmental media. A narrative, weight-of-evidence approach to characterize the toxicity of mixtures that incorporates mechanistic insights on chemical interactions is described. The utility of this information in the context of risk analysis and public health practice is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. V. Xylenes: health effects, toxicokinetics, human exposure, and environmental fate.

Xylenes, or dimethylbenzenes, are among the highest-volume chemicals in production. Common uses are for gasoline blending, as a solvent or component in a wide variety of products from paints to printing ink, and in the production of phthalates and polyester. They are often encountered as a mixture of the three dimethyl isomers, together with ethylbenzene. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that are of greatest concern for public health purposes. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of this profile (ATSDR, 1995) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of known human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and end point, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, as mandated by CERCLA (or Superfund), prepares these profiles to inform and assist the public.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning disabilities. Community homes: institutions in waiting?

This article explores the assumption that community care is better than care in an institution for people with learning disabilities. Parallels are also drawn with community provision of residential and nursing home accommodation for people who are elderly, those who have a physical handicap, and people with a mental illness. While community care is recognised as a valuable option, the authors argue that it must be correctly implemented, and identify the need to move further forward.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ask trustees who know. Interview by Laurie Larson.

Five of your trustee peers share their expertise on board education, fundraising, community representation, what it means to be a board chair, and what physicians can bring to your board.

Community Participation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paraformaldehyde fixation of LPS-stimulated human monocytes: technical parameters permitting the study of membrane IL-1 activity.

The existence of IL-1 activity on the cell surface of stimulated mononuclear phagocytes is a matter of controversy. In particular, fixation of IL-1-expressing cells for 15 min in 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA) is commonly used to evidence such "membrane-associated" IL-1 activity but other authors have attributed this to passive leakage of IL-1 alpha from the cells and report no activity with longer fixation times. Using specific IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta assays, we found that after the mild standard PFA fixation procedure, not only IL-1 alpha but also IL-1 beta were released into the supernatants for up to 96 h following fixation; membrane IL-1 activity cannot thus be measured in these conditions. However, using conditions in which neither immunoreactive IL-1 molecules nor IL-1 activity are found in the supernatants (i.e. assay at 144 h, increased fixation time), we were still able to detect IL-1 activity on LPS-stimulated, PFA-fixed monocytes. This activity was independent of the duration of PFA fixation and was inhibited by anti-IL-1 alpha but not anti-IL-1 beta antibodies. Our data thus underline the importance of technical conditions in the study of membrane-associated IL-1 activity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing radiologic technology education: evolution or revolution? I. Past and present.

The radiologic technology profession, now over fifty years old, is still in a dynamic state. It has moved forward from commercially-sponsored, on-the-job training in the early years to the formal educational programs that are now the standard. The first part of a two-part article reviews the past and present educational accomplishments, defines some current educational methods, and provokes the reader to look at the profession in terms of what educational standards are needed for the future and determine how and when they should be achieved.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuing education: evolution or revolution: II. What about the future?

Having previously written something about the 'roots' of the radiologic technology profession, the author now concentrates on where it goes from here. What are the implications of the demand for accountability on the educational process? How does it adjust to changing technology? What are the future career prospects? How does the profession meet manpower challenges? Who pays the bills? Because the future cannot be completely defined in the present, this article necessarily asks more questions than it answers, but seeks input into the decision-making process from those who are most affected by it--radiologic technologists.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the links between functional and clinical data in 212 asthma patients from 14 to 30 years old at a health spa in La Bourboule (author's transl)].

212 asthma patients, who attended their first health spa at La Bourboule, are studied. The functional data are statistically compared to those obtained from clinical examination. In this group of patients, it is found that: 1. Most of the functional tests are perturbed in proportion to the seiousness of the disease (determined by the number of days of attack per year). On the contrary, the other clinical criteria, and in particular the evolution time, do not affect the functional values. 2. The different ventilatory parameters studied are correlated two by two, for instance V 50 on the one had, FEV1, FEV1/VC or LR on the other. Finally the authors discuss the interest of V 50 and LR measurement in order to localize the bronchial obstruction in asthma at the level of either the large trunks (LR) or the small bronchii (V 50).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunologic competence of the bronchi in the rabbit: the IgA-mediated plaque-forming response to intratracheally injected sheep erythrocytes.

Immune responses to intratracheally injected sheep erythrocytes in rabbits were investigated in bronchi, thoracic lymph nodes (TLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen using an IgA-mediated haemolytic plaque-assay. The time-course appearance of specific IgA antibody forming cells (IgA-AFC) was studied in each tissue after primary and secondary immunizations. Overall low splenic and MLN responses suggest weak systemic and intestinal immunizations, respectively. Peak IgA-AFC concentrations occurred in TLN five days after priming and, in a lesser extent, three days after the booster. Conversely, the bronchial response was delayed, progressive and enhanced by the re-immunization. These results strongly suggest that bronchial-derived, IgA-precommitted cells are the major source of these specific IgA-AFC which concentrate in bronchi and that, before homing in the submucosa, they accumulate transiently in the TLN.

Animals↗