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Biomedical subjects

M Favier

Publications and source records attributed to M Favier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Zinc and pregnancy].

Zinc, an essential trace element, plays a critical role in normal growth and development, cellular integrity and many biological functions, including protein synthesis and nucleic acid metabolism. Since all these are involved in cell division and growth, zinc is believed to be important for foetal growth and development. Zinc requirement is increased during pregnancy but the lack of a valid indicator precludes a true estimate of zinc deficiency in pregnancy even in developed countries. This review examines the possibility that a gestational deficiency of zinc can adversely affect the pregnancy outcome. Preliminary human data suggest a beneficial effect of prenatal zinc supplementation trials in particular on infant's neurobehavioral development. In the light of the currently available information, zinc supplementation at therapeutic load (30 mg/day) as it is proposed for the treatment of hormonal skin disorders to adolescents, cannot be toxic.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMed2004

[Is systematic iron supplementation justified during pregnancy?].

Considering that young women have a high risk of iron store deficiency, the iron supplementation is largely proposed during pregnancy. However, a selective supplementation reserved to anaemia women, must be preferred to a systematic supplementation which improves biological parameters of mothers but have no effect on newborns. Iron is a potentially toxic element and a not justified, supplementation could expose to high iron level and to an oxidative stress which is also observed in pregnancy pathologies (preeclamptia, gestational diabetes). Furthermore a non controlled increase of erythrocyte mass by iron supplementation could also alter the placenta exchange. As a precaution, iron supplementation may be reserved to anaemia women or with high anaemia risk. For others, nutritional advises must permit to reach iron recommendation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effects of a combined micronutrient supplementation on maternal biological status and newborn anthropometrics measurements: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in apparently healthy pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible beneficial effects of a micronutrient supplementation to apparently healthy pregnant women on maternal biological status and new born anthropometric characteristics. SETTING: Departments of Obstetric of the University Hospital of Grenoble (France) and Lyon (France), Laboratoire of Biology of Oxidative Stress, UFR de Pharmacie. Grenoble (France). STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial. SUBJECTS: A total of 100 apparently healthy pregnant women were recruited at 14+/-2 weeks of gestation to delivery. At the end, they were 65 women to follow out the study. INTERVENTIONS: Daily consumption over gestation of a micronutrients supplement or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma micronutrient levels and oxidative stress parameters were measured in mothers at 14 and 38 weeks of gestation. New born's anthropometric characteristics were measured at delivery. RESULTS: In the supplemented group, folic acid, vitamin C, E, B2, B6 and beta-carotene levels were higher than in the placebo group. Oxidative stress parameters were not different between the groups. Birth weights were increased by 10% and the number of low newborn weights (<2700 g) decreased significantly when the mother received the supplementation. Maternal plasma Zn levels were positively correlated to the newborn heights. CONCLUSION: A regular intake of a micronutrient supplement at nutritional dose may be sufficient to improve micronutrient status of apparently healthy pregnant women and could prevent low birth weight of newborn.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Vaginal delivery in a woman with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is a muscular disease determined genetically. Few papers have been published on this disorder in pregnancy. Several authors reported on delivery by cesarean section because of the risk of dystocia. CASE: A woman with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy had two pregnancies with normal vaginal delivery and follow-up. No obstetric complications related to the disease occurred. CONCLUSION: A trial of labor is possible in patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy if no obstetric contraindications exist.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Supplements during pregnancy: fad or necessity?].

Needs for vitamins and micronutriments, enzyme cofactors in various metabolic processes, are notably increased during pregnancy in order to satisfy the requirements of fetal and placental growth. Limited maternal stores and an often inadequate dietary intake lead to deficiency, the materno-foetal consequences of which are beginning to be discerned: supplements thus appear to be useful. While there is hardly any discussion regarding iron and calcium, the authors feel that it should be broader, including water-soluble vitamins, magnesium and trace elements, in such a way as to deal with widely encountered microdeficiencies and with metabolic inter-relations. Recent studies appear to show that, rather than being selective and seeking out a "high risk" population, supplements should be given routinely to all pregnant women because of their low costs in relation to expected health benefits.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Preparing cytotoxic agents in an isolator.

The design of an isolator and its use by an oncology satellite pharmacy for preparing cytotoxic drugs are described. The isolator (Iso Concept, Boulogne, France) is a totally enclosed ventilated biological-safety cabinet of class III polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with positive air pressure, a half-suit with a rotating seal, and attached neoprene gloves. There are three work-stations, one for the half-suit and two along one side of the isolator. The ventilation and air filtration system consists of one entry pipe with a full ventilation-filtration box fitted with one prefilter, one blower, one ball valve, one high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, one airtight nipple connected to an automatic sterilizer, alarms, and one exhaust pipe protected by a HEPA filter. The air lock consists of a rigid, transparent Plexiglas pass-through. The chamber is sterilized with heated compressed air mixed with 3.5% peracetic acid. Maintenance includes regular changing of gloves and HEPA filters; checking of the integrity of the PVC, half-suit, and gloves; and washing and decontamination procedures. Preparation of cytotoxics is planned in advance with prescription data and manufacturing sheets. In the half-suit, a pharmacy technician reads the label, supervises preparation of the sterile admixture, and writes a label. The operators on the side of the unit read the manufacturing sheet and prepare the dose identified by the label.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1993

[Complete and complicated tears of the perineum in spite of preventive incision. A study of the risk factors and the short-term consequences].

A retrospective study of case controls was carried out by postal enquiry to find out the risk factors for complete complicated tears (DCC) of the perineum occurring after prophylactic episiotomy. There were 33 such cases of DCC out of 8,039 vaginal deliveries which means 0.41% in the University Centre in Grenoble in the years 1985-1986-1987. A control group of 66 cases was paired according to parity and episiotomy. The risk factors were identified as large fetal weight, instrumental deliveries, mid-line episiotomy or perineotomy. The questionnaires could be analysed for faults after delivery in 26 cases and 52 controls (response rate of 90%). The sole significant problem of the cases was perineal and rectal pain lasting more than a month longer than in the control cases. There was no greater dyspareunia, stress incontinence with urine, nor anal incontinence which contradicts previous reports in the literature. The authors conclude there are no serious complications of DCC following perineotomy providing repair is carried out very carefully. The patients in this group show that is was acceptable because no more in this group than in the controls were frightened of a repeat pregnancy.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1993

Zinc deficiency and dietary folate metabolism in pregnant rats.

Five groups of pregnant Wistar rats (zinc-deficient diet without folate supplementation; folinic acid, folate monoglutamate, folate polyglutamate-supplemented groups receiving zinc-deficient diet; pair-fed groups as controls) were fed from day one of fertilization with a semisynthetic zinc-deficient diet containing 0.2 mg/kg of Zn in the diet for the 4 deficient groups and 100 mg/kg for the pair-fed group. After 20 days, the zinc status (plasma, liver, femoral bone) was significantly decreased in the zinc-deficient groups. The liver and plasma folate levels were lower in the zinc-deficient groups compared to the pair-fed group. Moreover, the folinic acid and the polyglutamate folate supplementations (100 mg/kg diet) did not normalize the folate status of the animals. Only the supplementation with folate monoglutamate led to correct folate levels in the pregnant rats. Nevertheless, no form of folate supplementation prevented fetal growth retardation in any of the zinc-deficient groups. These results indicate that zinc deficiency in pregnant rats decreases folate bioavailability of folinic acid, folate polyglutamates and, to a lesser extent, that of folate monoglutamate. However, no form of folate supplementation (i.e., folate monoglutamate) prevents fetal growth defect and the incidence of malformation in zinc-deficient rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean sections without high risk of infection. Therapeutic trial of cefotetan versus placebo].

Caesarean sections are performed with an ever increasing frequency, and their morbidity rate due to infection varies between 35 and 40 per cent. The effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis has been demonstrated in caesarean sections with a high risk of infection, but few studies have been devoted to caesarean sections without this high risk. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in this second type of caesarean section since its postoperative infection rate is not negligible (about 25 per cent). We therefore set up a two-centre randomized trial comparing two groups of 133 women without any particular risk of infection. At the moment of umbilical cord clamping, one group received cefotetan 1 g intravenously, while the other group received an intravenous injection of a placebo solution. The postoperative infection rate was 12.5 per cent in the treatment group and 26.9 per cent in the control group (P less than 0.05). The relative risk in the placebo-treated women was 2.15 (95 per cent confidence limits, 1.41 to 3.28). Antibiotic prophylaxis prevented 53.5 per cent of postoperative infections (95 per cent confidence limits, 29 to 69.5 per cent). Moreover, in the treatment group infections were less severe, resulting in a significant decrease in hospital stay and a lower overall cost. We conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis with cefotetan is effective in caesarean sections without a high risk of infection, as it significantly reduces the postoperative morbidity due to infection.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

[Economic benefit of using antibiotics prophylactically in cesarean sections with little risk of infection].

A randomised double trial was carried out in 266 women who had Caesarean without any high risk of infection in order to study the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics given during the operation. One group received 1 gram of cefotetan when the cord was being clamped and the other had an injection of placebo under the self-same conditions. Apart from studying the clinical efficacy, evaluation of the economics of the treatment was carried out using, as parameters, the length of stay in hospital and the cost of the antibiotics which were prescribed after the operation. The following results were obtained: 75% of the Caesarean operations carried out in the Maternity Units of the University Regional Hospital Centre were without high risk of infection. Prophylactic antibiotics are proficient because they reduce post Caesarean morbidity due to: endometritis, superficial and deep abscesses and septicaemia. 12.5% in the group who had antibiotics developed infections as against 26% in the placebo group. Post Caesarean infections which required antibiotics cost on an average for each Caesarean 16 francs in the groups who received antibiotics as against 52 francs in the groups that received the placebo. Even including the cost of the antibiotics given prophylactically the costs of antibiotics (prophylactic and curative) was higher in the antibiotic group than in the placebo group. The length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in the group that received prophylactic antibiotics.

Cefotetan↗