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Biomedical subjects

M Faust

Publications and source records attributed to M Faust.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Snoring and sleep apnea syndrome].

Sleep apnea and obstructive snoring are sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD). Nevertheless, there is only a quantitative difference between snoring and the obstructive form of sleep apnea. Snoring occurs in at least 20% of the population; 50% of the 50 year old male snore. Although in most of the cases only harmless snoring is concerned. It becomes serious if it leads as the independent SRBD "obstructive snoring" to a continuous oxygen desaturation and a sleep disturbance or, if in cases of sleep apnea a postapnoic snoring is concerned. The snoring pattern "loud and irregular" is always a sign for a serious SRBD. Still, no exact statement can be given concerning the frequency of obstructive snoring. However, the prevalence of sleep apnea in men of the mean age group has been determined to 10%. By the so-called sleep apnea syndrome are summarized clinical pictures with symptoms and findings caused by sleep apnea, respectively with those which can be reduced by sufficiently early introduced therapy. Most frequent symptoms and findings are: hypertension, loud and irregular snoring, daytime sleepiness and nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias. Especially hypersomnia has always to be taken seriously. In relation with other symptoms and findings associated with apnea it is always an indication for the examination for sleep apnea and obstructive snoring.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

[Long-term acceptance of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy in 70 patients with sleep apnea over a 6-month treatment period].

NCPAP therapy is considered to be an effective method of treatment in cases of obstructive and mixed sleep apnea (SA). We investigated its effectiveness during initiation of therapy, and the acceptance of the ambulatory long-term treatment. Here we present the first 70 patients (68 m, 2f) treated with nCPAP for at least six to a maximum of 20 months (on average: eleven months). Sixty-seven of the 70 patients were effectively treated with a nCPAP pressure of 5-15 mbar. The apnea index was reduced from 49 apnea episodes per hour (range 12-125) to 2 episodes per hour (range 0-8) on average. Therapy failed in one case (anatomical defect of the nasopharynx) and had to be abandoned in two cases (claustrophobia, acute rhinitis). Sixty-three patients, decided in favour of ambulatory long-term therapy. These patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experience with nCPAP. Four patients abandoned therapy (all within the first four weeks because of intolerance towards the apparatus), and one patient died 10 days after terminating treatment of an infection of the upper airway. Fifty-eight patients (82% of all) are still undergoing treatment. Eighty-eight per cent of these are using nCPAP for 5-7 nights a week throughout the entire sleep period, or at least for five hours. All patients report a marked reduction in or elimination of subjective symptoms. Mild local side effects occur quite frequently, but can be greatly reduced or eliminated in most cases. In individual cases they lead to a shortening of the nocturnal duration of application.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of sleep apnea: required equipment for staged diagnosis].

In view of the high prevalence of sleep apnoea (SA) a stepped concept for diagnosis and therapy is needed. Such a concept requires appropriate instrumentation. The apparative requirement for a five-stage concept, and the experience gained with it, are presented, in particular these newly introduced stages: screening instrument, based on an analysis of heart rate and breathing sounds, and a mobile sleep laboratory based on oxygen saturation measurement combined with inductive plethysmography and four further parameters. Experience obtained with such a stepped concept demonstrates its efficiency and necessity in the diagnosis of sleep-related breathing disturbances.

Electrocardiography, Ambulatory↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of sleep apnea: initial experiences with a staged procedure].

The high prevalence of sleep-related breathing disturbances (SRBD), in association with cardiopulmonary disease, and the impairment by such disorders of the quality of the patients life, together with the good response of SRBD to therapy when diagnosed early on, point up the importance of incorporating the diagnostic evaluation of SRBD into the routine medical and pneumological diagnostic work-up. Since classical polysomnography requires a considerable effort, a stepwise diagnostic procedure was needed for use in practice. This includes a narrowing down of the indications, a brief questionnaire and a detailed questionnaire. For positive demonstration of a respiratory disturbance or differential diagnostic purposes, the following measures are employed on an outpatient basis in the following order: High-resolution 24-hour (Holter) ECG; analysis of heart rate and respiratory sounds, including, in particular snoring, with the MESAM system; induction plethysmography and continuous oxygen partial pressure measurement (pO2tc). Only after exhaustive use has been made of the ambulatory work-up, are the following diagnostic inhospital measures employed in the order indicated: 10-channel recording using the SIDAS system (respiration 3 channels, oxygen saturation, EOG, actogram, heart rate, intrathoracic pressure fluctuations), complete polysomnography. Once SRBD has been established, the patient is sent to the sleep laboratory to establish a baseline. Baseline measurement is accompanied by the determination of a marker, that is, a readily determined parameter capable of providing information about the success of therapy, is established. This permits complete polysomnography to be concentrated on differential-diagnostic and treatment-refractory problem cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Lexical decision and visual hemifield: an examination of the RT-accuracy relationship.

Visual hemifield, stimulus duration and angle of eccentricity were manipulated using a lexical decision paradigm (discrimination of words from non-words). Lexical decision was measured by several dependent variables: reaction time, (RT); accuracy, d'; and beta. The results support the generalization of RVF superiority in a lexical decision task for parafoveal stimulation for three dependent variables, RT, accuracy and d'. No significant effect of any stimulus manipulation was found for beta. When RT is plotted as a function of accuracy, the data separate into two groups (one for words, one for non-words) each best described by a linear equation with negative slope. The implication of this analysis is discussed, and the hypothesis offered that the same basic process discriminates words from non-words in a lexical decision task, regardless of visual field, parafoveal angle of eccentricity or stimulus duration. Visual field is processed no differently from the other stimulus manipulations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of paclobutrazol on water stress-induced abscisic Acid in apple seedling leaves.

Abscisic acid (ABA) was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in water-stressed leaves from control apple seedlings, and also from apple seedlings treated for 28 days with paclobutrazol ([2RS, 3RS]-1-[4-chlorophenyl]-4,4-dimethyl-2-[1,2,4-triazol-1-yl] pentan-3-ol). The ELISA quantitative estimates were also validated by gas chromatography-electron capture detector and lettuce seed germination inhibition bioassay. Paclobutrazol treatment reduced endogenous ABA levels by about one-third, and prevented the marked accumulation of water-stress-induced ABA that occurred in untreated seedlings. The presence of ABA in the apple leaf extracts was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Translocation of paclobutrazol, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, in apple seedlings.

The [(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1- yl)-pentan-3-ol] (paclobutrazol, PP333) measured in apple seedlings (;York Imperial' Malus domestica Borkh) was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data showed that paclobutrazol was taken up through roots and transported primarily in the xylem through the stems and accumulated in leaves. No detectable basipetal movement of paclobutrazol in apple seedlings was found.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Social class distribution of fathers of children enrolled in the Iowa Autism Program.

The social class distribution of fathers with autistic children attending a locally well-known and state-supported modern autism program was examined and was compared to the social class distributions observed in a nonautistic, mentally retarded population, in children with other psychiatric disorders, and in the general population from which the present autistic sample was drawn. No significant differences were found among the groups. The findings supported the view that if studies are not biased by certain selection factors outside the autistic child's clinical picture and diagnosis, and if services become better known and readily available, then no differences in social class distribution between autistic and nonautistic groups occur. The results suggest that social class is not an important factor in the origin of autistic syndrome.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1976

Methylated constituents of poly(A)- and poly(A)+ polyribosomal RNA of sea urchin embryos.

We have examined the poly(A)- and poly(A)+ polyribosomal (Ps) RNAs of developing sea urchin embryos to see whether they contain the capped structures previously observed in the poly(A)+ cytoplasmic RNA (mRNA) of a variety of eucaryotic organisms. We have found that both classes of Ps RNA contain 7-methylguanosine linked to the RNA by a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge. Capped structures derived from either class of Ps RNA appear to be of the type m7G5'ppp5'NmpNp, with only a single sugar-methylated nucleoside per cap, and we have estimated that both classes of Ps RNA are capped to the same extent. The 5' terminal 2'-0-methylated nucleosides have been identified and quantitated. The relative amounts are Am = 78%, Gm = 14%, Cm = 5%, Um = 3% for poly(A)- Ps RNA, and Am = 78%, Gm = 15%, Cm = 5%, Um = 2% for poly (A)+ Ps RNA. In addition, both classes of Ps RNA contain 2-4 internal residues of N6-methyladenylic acid per molecule.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1975

m7G5'ppp5'GmptcpUp at the 5' terminus of reovirus messenger RNA.

In the presence of S-adenosyl methionine the 5' terminal guanosine residue of in vitro synthesized reovirus mRNA becomes methylated at the 2'-OH position. In addition, 7-methyl guanylic acid is condensed covalently at the 5' terminus resulting in the formation of a 5' to 5' triphosphate bridge. Analysis of the 5' terminal sequence of methylated reovirus mRNA revealed that it has the structure m7G5'ppp5'GmpCpUp.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1974

In vitro methylation of nascent reovirus mRNA by a virion-associated methyl transferase.

Chymotrypsin-derived cores, but not virions, catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to nascent mRNA synthesized in vitro by the core polymerase. The reaction requires Mg(++), and is dependent on the presence of all 4 ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs). Methylation proceeds optimally at 51 degrees C. All ten species of mRNA become methylated during transcription and it is estimated that one methyl residue is incorporated per RNA chain. Experiments designed to determine the location of the methylated nucleotide clearly demonstrate that methylation occurs exclusively at the 5' ends of nascent mRNA.

Chymotrypsin↗