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M Faure

Publications and source records attributed to M Faure.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Langerhans cell induced cytotoxic T-cell responses against normal human epidermal cell targets: in vitro studies.

We investigated the role of class II MHC (HLA-DR Ia-like) antigen-bearing Langerhans cells in the in vitro generation of human alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against epidermal cells (EC). Normal EC in suspensions (from reconstructive surgery specimens) and anti-DR monoclonal antibody plus complement (C')-treated EC were used to stimulate peripheral blood (PB) T cells (T cells allogeneic or autologous to EC) in a classical 6-day human mixed skin cell-lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR). CTL responses were then tested in 51Cr release assays against cultured EC (EC grown on collagen-coated plates in parallel to MSLR). CTL responses to EC were observed only after allogeneic MSLR and when targets and EC used in MSLR were from the same donor. They were comparable in magnitude to those seen in parallel studies using PBL from the same donor as the stimulating EC as target cells. They were abolished when EC used in MSLR were depleted in class II MHC Langerhans cells (preincubation of EC suspensions with anti-DR + C'). These data show: (a) alloreactive CTL to human normal EC may be generated in MSLR, as previously shown in animals; (b) the MSLR is an in vitro model of primary immunization against EC; (c) Langerhans cells are necessary for the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions occurring against epidermal cells.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Human epidermal cell-induced generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against epidermal cells. Requirement for DR-positive Langerhans cells.

Human epidermal cells act as stimulators in the mixed-skin cell lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR). To analyse the generation in MSLR of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in cell-mediated cytolysis of human epidermal cells. a phenomenon suggested by various observations of skin inflammatory processes in vivo, 18-h 51Cr-release assays against epidermal cells cultivated on collagen-coated plates (epidermal cells autologous to the stimulator cells in MSLR) were conducted after allogenic human MSLR. To analyse the role of human Langerhans cells and related epidermal dendritic cells, which are the only cells expressing the DR-Ia-like (class II) antigens in normal epidermis and in suspensions of normal epidermal cells, MSLR and CTL assays were conducted with, as stimulator cells, suspensions of normal human epidermal cells as controls, and, in parallel, suspensions of epidermal cells after preincubation with anti-class II monoclonal antibody and complement. The generation of alloreactive CTL to epidermal cells occurred only after allogenic MSLR and when targets and stimulator cells were from the same donor; it was abolished when epidermal cell suspensions used in MSLR were depleted in HLA-DR-expressing cells. These findings demonstrate that an epidermal cell-induced generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to human epidermal cells may occur in vitro. Langerhans cells and other class II antigen-expressing epidermal cells (dendritic indeterminate cells) are necessary for an optimal in vitro sensitization in MSLR and the subsequent generation of alloreactive CTL towards epidermal cells in man.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

[Not Available].

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Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1985

[Not Available].

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Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1985

[Paraneoplastic erythroderma: apropos of a case].

A 63-year-old male patient had severe exfoliative dermatitis (erythroderma) which led to the discovery of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. The possibility of paraneoplastic erythroderma is discussed. Although such an aetiology is rare, 5 cases with a similar paraneoplastic syndrome have been previously reported, which cannot be considered as a merely fortuitous association of exfoliative dermatitis and visceral cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1985

[Pruritus vulvae].

Vulvogenital pruritus is due to infectious, dystrophic or dermatological causes. Diagnoses of "senile" or "psychogenic" pruritus do not obviate the need for regular surveillance. Treatment is easy if the cause is duly recognised. It is more difficult in essential forms and the authors describe the principles and methods of symptomatic treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructural immunogold labelling of human Langerhans cells enriched epidermal cell suspension.

Colloidal gold particles are well suited as markers in electron microscopy. Indirect immunogold staining was used to identify cell membrane antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies OKT6 and BL6 on human Langerhans cells (LC) in suspensions. Isolated epidermal cells were obtained by skin trypsinization and enriched or depleted in OKT6 positive on BL6 positive LC using the panning method: incubation of OKT6 or BL6 preincubated cells on immunoglobulin coated dishes. Indirect immunogold staining was then performed after prefixation in 2% paraformaldehyde. In LC enriched suspensions, only LC exhibited a specific membrane labelling with OKT6 or BL6 recognized by the presence of small evently distributed gold granules. Neither Birbeck granules, nor other cytoplasmic organelles, were labelled. No other epidermal cells were found positive. In LC depleted suspensions, no labelling was observed. Immunogold labelling on LC enriched suspensions after panning is now in progress for the qualitative evaluation and the quantitative analysis of cell surface constituents and antigens expressed by human dendritic epidermal cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Role of HLA-DR bearing Langerhans and epidermal indeterminate cells in the in vitro generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in man.

Human epidermal cells (EC) act as stimulator cells in the mixed-skin cell lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR). To analyze the role of human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and indeterminate cells (IC), which are the only cells expressing the DR-Ia-like antigens in normal epidermis, in the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in cell-mediated cytolysis, 18-hr 51Cr-release assays against PBL targets (targets autologous to stimulator EC) were conducted after allogeneic human MSLR. MSLR and CTL assays were conducted with, as stimulator cells, suspensions of normal human EC as controls, and EC after: (1) preincubation with anti-HLA-DR or OKT6 (specific for LC in EC suspension) monoclonal antibodies; (2) panning, a monolayer technique used to deplete EC suspensions in OKT6 or DR-positive cells. The generation of alloreactive CTL was found to occur only after allogeneic MSLR and when targets and stimulator cells were from the same donor; it was reduced by EC incubation: cytotoxic activity 26.66 +/- 3.84 (controls); 8.8 +/- 3.6 and 7.7 +/- 3.7 (EC incubated with OKT6 or anti-DR, respectively); it was reduced or abolished when the EC used in MSLR were depleted in OKT6 or DR-positive cells by panning. These findings demonstrate that human LC and IC are necessary for an optimal in vitro sensitization in MSLR and the subsequent in vitro generation of alloreactive CTL in man.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Simultaneous detection of T6 and HLA-DR antigens distinguishes three cell subpopulations in dispersed normal human epidermal cells.

Normal human dendritic epidermal cells (EC) show specific surface membrane markers (T6 and DR antigens). This study presents evidence that, in dispersed EC suspensions, these membrane antigens may distinguish three antigen-positive EC subsets by means of double immunofluorescence labelling: 97.3 +/- 1.2% of the labelled cells were DR(+)/T6(+) while 2.2 +/- 0.9% were DR(+)/T6(-) and 0.5 +/- 0.6% were DR(-)/T6(+). Immunoelectron microscopy with gold particles confirms the co-existence of T6-positive and T6-negative epidermal cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Detection of OKT6-positive cells (without visible Birbeck granules) in normal peripheral blood.

The specificity of a monoclonal antibody (OKT6) for peripheral blood mononuclear cells was examined by indirect immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunogold labelling. Some rare peripheral blood mononuclear cells (approximately 1%) expressed T6 antigen on their membrane surface, as determined by light microscopy and cytofluorometry. Electron microscopic examination of immunogold-labelled cells revealed that OKT6-positive cells were dendritic, lacking the Birbeck granules and expressed variable density of the membrane T6 antigen. The relationship of such cells with Langerhans' cells is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative evaluation of two distinct cell populations expressing HLA-DR antigens in normal human epidermis.

HLA-DR antigens are expressed only by Langerhans cells (LC) and indeterminate cells (IC) in normal human epidermis. Indirect immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunogold labelling were used to study the HLA-DR expression by means of two anti-DR monoclonal antibodies (MCA). Freshly dispersed DR-positive epidermal cells expressed different densities of DR antigens on their membrane surface. Approximately 25% of DR-positive cells were strongly labelled by anti-DR-MCA and 75% were weakly stained. After 18 h in complete culture medium before labelling no significant difference in these percentages was observed. The lymphoid-like LC-enriched cells obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation also had two populations of DR-positive cells: strongly labelled cells (30.8%) and weakly labelled cells (69.2%). DR-positive cells may be divided into two types according to the density of DR sites on their cell membrane: (I) type DR+ shows weak surface labelling by gold particles (8.8 +/- 3.0 gold particles/micron) and has cytoplasmic Birbeck granules, identifying such cells as typical Langerhans cells; (2) type DR shows strong membrane immunogold labelling (38.9 +/- 4.6 gold particles/micron) and may or may not contain Birbeck granules. The gold particles bound to the cell membrane were used to quantify the number of HLA-DR sites expressed on each cell type: 1 X 10(5) sites on DR+ cells and 5 X 10(5) on DR cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

The semi-quantitative distribution of T4 and T6 surface antigens on human Langerhans cells.

We have used indirect immunogold electron microscopy to compare the respective density of cell membrane determinants revealed by OKT6 and OKT4 monoclonal antibodies on normal human Langerhans cells (LC): 12.9 +/- 3.5 gold granules were noted per cell section on OKT4-positive LC whereas 236.8 +/- 23.5 granules were counted per cell section on OKT6-reactive cells. These results confirm that human LC react with OKT4 antibody and they demonstrate a marked quantitative difference on LC surface between the antigenic determinants recognized by OKT6 and OKT4 antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

In vitro studies of epidermal antigen-presenting cells. The mixed skin lymphocyte reaction: an in vitro model for the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells by human epidermal cells.

Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells are the unique antigen-presenting epidermal cells participating in human lympho-epidermal interactions. They bear class II HLA-DR molecules, can substitute for macrophages in antigen presentation, induce a T-cell proliferative response to antigens and haptens in sensitized donors, and are necessary for alloantigen T-cell activation and generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in vitro. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy on class II positive epidermal cell enriched suspensions (panning, FACS) indicated two populations of DR-positive epidermal cells: strongly DR-positive cells (25-30, 8% of positive epidermal cells) and faintly DR-positive cells, with a density of surface DR sites of respectively 5 X 10(5) and 1 X 10(5). Most Langerhans cells are among this second group while indeterminate cells are usually strongly DR-positive. OKT6-labelled cells were only typical Langerhans cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in lympho-epidermal mixed cultures in man].

The ability of human normal skin epidermal cells (EC) to induce the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was investigated in vitro using the Mixed Skin Cell lymphocyte Reaction (MSLR) model. In human MSLR, EC stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes (L) as measured, after 6 days, by 3H-thymidine uptake. In parallel, the generation of alloreactive CTL was tested in 18 hr 51CR release assays against L targets (targets autologous to EC that stimulated in MSLR). Allogeneic, not autologous MSLR, lead to the generation of CTL; alloreactive CTL were not generated against targets allogeneic to stimulating EC; no CTL activity occurred without previous stimulation by EC. These data indicate that in vitro MSLR may provide an useful tool for the investigation of lympho-epidermal interactions in man and our understanding of lymphocytotoxicity mechanisms that occur in vivo in response and/or directed to epidermal constituents .

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1984

[Pseudoscleroderma and sclerodermiform states].

Pseudo-scleroderma should not be confused with true scleroderma, the prognosis of which is unpredictable and often serious. Progressive acrosclerosis must be differentiated from Raynaud's disease, congenital or hereditary disorders of unknown aetiology: Werner's syndrome, acrogeria and progeria; Rothmund-Thomson's syndrome, Steinert's disease, phenylketonuria, disorders of glycogen metabolism; metabolic disorders: mutilating acropathies, scleromyxoedema, porphyria cutanea tarda; occupational and iatrogenic disorders: acroosteolysis, toxic epidermic syndrome (Spain), scleroderma-like change induced by bleomycin, chronic graft-versus-host disease; and leprosy. Acute diffuse scleroderma should not be confused with Buschke's scleroedema, sclerema neonatorum, systemic amyloidosis and scleroderma-like changes in hypothyroidism. Linear pseudo-scleroderma is suggested by the following scleroderma-like conditions: facial hemiatrophy, acrodermatitis atrophicans, melorheostosis, pseudo-scleroderma after corticosteroid injection, and cutaneous lesions in carcinoid syndrome. Scleroderma in plaque must be differentiated from hypodermitis sclerotisans, panatrophy and localized lipoatrophies, hypodermitis after vitamin K injection, basal cell carcinoma, necrobiosis lipoidica, vitiligo, chronic radiodermatitis, cutaneous lymphatic invasion. Scleroderma-like changes after drug injection (vitamin B12, progestin), anetoderma barely resemble morphea guttata.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of aphthosis with thalidomide and with colchicine].

Thalidomide alone (200-300 mg daily) or associated with colchicine (2-3 mg daily) was given orally to 25 patients with aphthosis: 8 patients with recurrent oral aphthae; 4 patients with recurrent mucocutaneous aphthosis, without visceral involvement, and 13 patients with Behçet's disease (Touraine's aphthosis). A major improvement was noted in all groups, with a rapid healing of mucous lesions and a rapid reduction of pain and burning as compared to prior spontaneous regressions. No new outbreaks were noted at a dose of 50-100 mg thalidomide and 1 mg colchicine daily. Under oral administration of the drugs, thrombophlebitis was noted in 1 case (third group) only. In the other patients with Behçet's disease, skin aphthae, ocular symptoms, arthritis, superficial nodular phlebitis quickly disappeared with treatment. The efficiency of the drugs is only temporary, since new lesions usually appeared a few weeks after the end of treatment. Due to the relatively small number of cases studied in each group, no conclusions can be drawn concerning the efficiency of thalidomide alone compared to the association of the two drugs. However, this open trial does support the usefulness of thalidomide, or thalidomide and colchicine, in recurrent mucocutaneous aphthae, aphthosis and Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Therapeutic use of TP5 (thymopoietin 32-36) in sarcoidosis of the skin.

TP5, a synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to thymopoietin 32-36, was administered alone to eight adult volunteer patients with sarcoidosis. A dose of 50 mg of TP5 was given iv, three times a week for 6 weeks, to three patients with erythema nodosum (EN) and bilateral hilar adenopathy, and to one patient with sarcoids of the skin; and for 12 weeks, to the other four patients with skin sarcoids. Before treatment and every 3 weeks thereafter clinical features; routine laboratory tests; tests for cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and auto immunity; IgE levels; and polymorphonuclear functions were recorded. EN disappeared in 3 weeks; hilar adenopathy improved or disappeared more slowly. Improvement of skin sarcoids was noted (lesions flattened or were cured). No side effects were observed. No evident changes in routine tests, humoral and auto immunity, IgE levels, and functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were observed. Cutaneous anergy to skin multi-tests was observed in seven patients before treatment, and was corrected with TP5 in six cases. In patients with low levels of peripheral blood T cells and suppressor T cells (as determined using specific monoclonal antibodies), a progressive normalization was obtained with TP5. These data support the efficacy of TP5 in sarcoidosis, although the action of the drug may be only temporary, as spontaneous remission may have occurred in this open trial of only eight cases.

Adult↗