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Biomedical subjects

M Farber

Publications and source records attributed to M Farber.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Results of 100 aphakic detachments treated with a temporary balloon buckle: a case against routine encircling operations.

One hundred patients with aphakic detachment were treated with temporary balloon buckles. The balloons were deflated and withdrawn after seven to 10 days. Permanent attachment depended on cryo- or laser-induced adhesions round the break. The procedure was initially successful in 79 patients. Ten retinas became detached again after the balloon was withdrawn and required a more permanent buckle. Sixty-nine retinas remained attached. The final results after additional operations were equivalent to those obtained by traditional methods, but significantly fewer complications occurred. The balloon procedure tests the validity of routinely encircling aphakic detachment.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1985

Thyroid hormone-binding inhibitor in normal, pregnant, and lactating rat and postmenopausal human breast tissue.

The regulatory role of thyroid hormones in the synthesis of milk proteins and functional differentiation of the murine mammary gland has been demonstrated. Further, T4 and T3 and their metabolites are found in both rat and human milk. Since the enhanced metabolic demands of mammo- and lactogenesis may result in increased local hormonal requirements, we examined breast tissue from normal (virgin), pregnant, and lactating female rats, as well as postmenopausal human breast tissue for the presence of a thyroid hormone-binding inhibitor (THBI). This substance, which decreases binding of T4 to serum T4-binding globulin, has been described in rat liver, kidney, muscle, and intestine, and in the circulation of patients with nonthyroidal illnesses. THBI activity in the present study was assessed by equilibrium dialysis in whole tissue homogenates; the ether-soluble fraction was also analyzed for THBI activity by RIA. In a range of 0.8-8.0 mg tissue protein, we found lactating rat breast to contain elevated THBI levels when compared to those found in normal, virgin breast tissue. Half-maximum binding inhibition was achieved at 0.15 mg lactating breast tissue protein, vs. 0.23 mg breast tissue protein and 0.35 mg liver protein in homogenates from normal resting animals. Expressed in tissue milligram equivalents, half-maximum binding inhibition of lactating, 18-day pregnant, and normal rat breast tissue was 0.7, 2.6, and 4.8 mgeq, respectively. Thus, the THBI activity of lactating rat breast tissue was more than 3-fold greater than that of the pregnant rat and 7-fold greater than that found in resting breast tissue. Binding inhibition in postmenopausal human breast tissue was comparable to that of rat breast and liver tissue at low protein concentrations, but the maximum inhibition attainable (205 +/- 6%, n = 3) was significantly lower than that achieved by normal rat breast tissue (338 +/- 6%, n = 6; means +/- SEM). The ether-soluble fraction of breast tissue homogenates was also analyzed employing a THBI-RIA. THBI activity, expressed as percent binding inhibition, was elevated in extracts from lactating rat breast tissue in comparison to tissue from pregnant or normal animals at 6.0, 12.5, and 25 mgeq; the largest differences were observed at 25 mgeq tissue: lactating (57.8 +/- 2.3%) vs. pregnant (46.5 +/- 3.1%, P less than 0.01) vs. normal (41.7 +/- 2.3%, P greater than 0.05); n = 3 in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Thyroxine-binding globulin in serum and milk specimens from puerperal lactating women.

The whey fraction of human milk contains a thyroxine-binding protein analogous to serum thyroxine-binding globulin. To assess the method by which this binding protein appears in milk over the course of lactation, paired serum and milk specimens from 45 healthy, euthyroid women were assayed for thyroxine-binding globulin and whey thyroxine-binding globulin using a highly specific thyroxine-binding globulin-radioimmunoassay. Elevated serum levels (39.2 +/- 4.72 micrograms thyroxine-binding globulin/mL; mean + SD, N = 5) were found in samples drawn at less than two weeks post partum. These levels normalized rapidly over the next three weeks post partum (26.0 +/- 3.3 micrograms/mL, P less than .005, N = 5), and by five weeks, no further significant decreases were observed. As was the case for serum thyroxine-binding globulin, whey thyroxine-binding globulin was present in its highest concentrations (79.3 +/- 13.4 micrograms/dL, N = 7) in the colostrum and transitional milk. These levels are equivalent to approximately 2 to 3% of serum concentrations. In contrast to serum thyroxine-binding globulin levels, however, whey thyroxine-binding globulin declined logarithmically over a protracted 12-week period, and no further significant changes in whey thyroxine-binding globulin concentrations were observed up to 20 weeks post partum, at which time they were approximately equal to 1% of serum thyroxine-binding globulin levels. A strong linear correlation between serum and whey thyroxine-binding globulin was found within the first five weeks post partum (r2 = .95, P less than .0005, N = 14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1983

A randomized clinical trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. I. Preliminary results.

A randomized prospective clinical trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation for proliferative sickle cell retinopathy was performed. In Chicago there were 34 argon laser-treated eyes and 30 control eyes. In Kingston there were 53 xenon arc treated eyes and 50 control eyes. Prolonged loss of visual acuity was rare in both photocoagulated and control eyes. Argon laser and xenon arc feeder vessel photocoagulation reduced the incidence of vitreous hemorrhage and visual loss from vitreous hemorrhage. However, photocoagulation was associated with an increased risk of choroidal neovascularization (xenon arc greater than argon laser) and retinal detachment (argon laser), although visual loss from these complications has not been seen in these patients so far.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Fluorometric studies on the blood-retinal barrier in experimental animals.

Fluorophotometry was used to evaluate the blood-ocular barrier in rats following streptozocin-induced diabetes, experimental systemic hypertension, sodium iodate treatment, diet-induced galactosemia, and aldose reductase inhibitors. After administration of intravenous (IV) fluorescein sodium, diabetes, hypertension, or sodium iodate treatment resulted in an increased vitreous accumulation of IV fluorescein. Accumulation of dextran-labeled fluorescein (3,000 and 19,000 molecular weight [mol wt]) was not increased in diabetic or sodium iodate-treated animals. However, 3,000-mol wt dextran-labeled dye accumulated in the vitreous of hypertensive rats. The disappearance of fluorescein injected into the vitreous was significantly delayed in diabetic and sodium iodate-treated rats, whereas this rate was normal in hypertension animals. Galactosemia did not alter vitreous fluorophotometric measurements. Pretreatment for systemic effects with aldose reductase inhibitors did not correct the vitreous fluorophotometric measurements of diabetic rats.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1982

Danazol.

Danazol, approved 5 years ago for the treatment of pelvic endometriosis, has recently been approved for treating cystic disease of the breast. As the mechanisms of action of this drug are made clear, the clinical syndromes that can be treated by this impeded androgen have increased dramatically. Results of controlled prospective clinical studies on the drug have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of several poorly understood diseases. Danazol is well tolerated by most patients; the side effects are mild and reversible.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1982

Complete duplication of the uterus and cervix with a unilaterally imperforate vagina.

Complete duplication of the uterus and cervix with a unilaterally imperforate vagina must be suspected when a unilateral pelvic mass terminates in a purpuric bulge of the lateral vaginal wall in a young woman with severely progressive dysmenorrhea. Intravenous pyelography will reveal renal agenesis ipsilateral to the imperforate vagina. The prompt and accurate diagnosis of this unusual anomaly should lead to transvaginal drainage of the retained menstrual fluids prior to irreversible damage of the pelvic viscera from chronic cryptomenorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Relation of glucose to alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid.

A direct relationship between amniotic fluid glucose and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been found between the 16th and 22nd weeks of pregnancy. This relationship is statistically significant (P less than .001) in each of the 6 gestational weeks tested, the coefficients of correlation vary from .74 to .91. The relationship between amniotic fluid AFP and another metabolite, urea nitrogen, was not significant (r = -.34), suggesting that the AFP-glucose relationship was not spurious. Absence of pregnancy-associated macroglobulins in the samples indicates that they were not contaminated by maternal serum. These data reflect an aspect of fetal metabolism or transport that should be investigated more thoroughly.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Asymmetric hyperthecosis ovarii.

Testosterone and delta4-androstenedione concentrations, in venous blood obtained by percutaneous retrograde femoral catheterization of the ovarian and adrenal veins bilaterally, demonstrated the left ovary to be the predominant secretory source of androgens in an 18-year-old virilized female. Histologic examination of the excised ovarian tissue revealed asymmetric hyperthecosis ovarii and confirmed the biochemical data. This study demonstrates the accuracy of the venous catheterization method in locating preoperatively the hypersecretory source of androgens in virilized women. The favorable postoperative clinical result emphasizes the importance of an accurate preoperative diagnosis in virilized women even in the absence of ovarian neoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Partial vaginal agenesis with a urinary-vaginal fistula.

A patient with partial vaginal agenesis and a urinary-vaginal fistula is presented together with a review of the 12 cases reported previously. This unusual anomaly presents with cyclically recurrent hematuria; hypothetically, it results from failure of formation or canalization of the primitive vaginal plate together with partial persistence of the urogenital sinus. Surgical correction, ideally performed after puberty, requires resection of the fistula and mobilization of the apical vaginal segment for its anastomosis to the inferior vaginal pouch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Residential mobility and long-term treatment of hypertension.

Maintenance of long-term care of populations with high mobility patterns poses problems for programs designed to prevent and treat cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP)--a community-based screening and treatment program implemented in 1973--provided an opportunity to examine residential mobility among adults under long-term treatment in 13 communities. Whereas 11% of hypertensives included in the HDFP changed residence in the first two years of the study, only 4% moved outside the service areas of the programs. Although a higher proportion of blacks (to whites) moved within the service areas, a similar proportion moved outside the service areas. This low residential mobility, especially the low rate of movement outside the service areas of the treatment centers, suggests that mobility of cohorts under long-term treatment and observation may present lesser problems to continuous, long-term community health care programs than do other factors affecting adherence.

Community Health Services↗