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Biomedical subjects

M Fall

Publications and source records attributed to M Fall.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Epidemiological study of diarrhea in children 0-5 yr of age].

The authors use an investigation carried out at Pikine Social Paediatric Institute on children consulting for diarrhoea to underline the epidemiological factors of this affliction in Dakar suburbs: the average age of the children is 14 months; almost half the children came from families with low or irregular incomes; coprologic examination showed parasitic germs in 26.7% of the cases, rotavirus in 24.4%, and bacteria in 17.6%.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia apropos of 7 cases at the University Hospital Center of Dakar].

The authors depict the main clinical tables relating to endocrine and cytogenetic study on 7 confirmed cases and stress the difficulties they faced taking care of these children. These were dominated by: the unavailability of sufficient suitable medicine; and the absence of complementary examinations indispensable for biologically checking the children treated and for their therapeutic readjustment.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1989

[Esophago-tracheal fistulas: report of a case].

The authors report the first case in Senegal of an esophagotracheal fistula isolated in a suckling child 1,1/2 months old, and stress: the clinical profile and the rarity of this deformity; the difficulties of providing for such patients in view of the close medico-surgical collaboration required.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1988

Thymulin (Zn-FTS) activity in protein-energy malnutrition: new evidence for interaction between malnutrition and infection on thymic function.

The combined effects of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and infection on thymic function evaluated by specific plasma thymulin activity were studied in Senegalese children: 29 hospitalized in Dakar for severe malnutrition and various diseases; 9 infected without sign of severe PEM, living in Dakar; 13 apparently healthy, uninfected, living in Dakar; and 7 apparently healthy, uninfected, living in Paris. Most of the free-living children in Dakar suffered from mild to moderate PEM. The specific thymulin activity (total plasma activity minus the activity recorded after adsorption of the plasma with a monoclonal antithymulin antibody) was almost undetectable in the infected children and was normal only in the children living in Paris. Such activity might be decreased by moderate and severe PEM and severe malnutrition may not be the only underlying cause of depressed level of thymulin in malnourished children from the Third World. Concurrent infections are important factors.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Thymulin (facteur thymique serique) and zinc contents of the thymus glands of malnourished children.

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) leads to an immune deficiency, which is now well documented. Some investigators have suggested that the associated zinc deficiency is important in thymic involution and changes in cellular immunity. To evaluate the respective roles of nutritional deficiency, infection, and zinc in the alteration of thymic function, we measured the amounts of thymulin (facteur thymic serique, or FTS) and of Zn in the thymus glands of 58 Senegalese children who died in various stages of malnutrition. In the severe forms (marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmic kwashiorkor) the thymus was tiny and contained very little thymulin. The Zn content of the thymus was high whatever the nutritional state of the subject and was related significantly only to the presence of infections. In Senegalese children thymic atrophy and depleted thymulin content are associated with severe PEM but not systemic infection or depleted thymic Zn content.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of ulcer and nonulcer interstitial cystitis with sodium pentosanpolysulfate: a multicenter trial.

The effect of sodium pentosanpolysulfate (Elmiron) in the treatment of interstitial cystitis was observed in an open controlled multicenter trial. We studied 87 patients with symptoms for more than 2 years at 17 centers in Finland and Sweden. Patient selection was based on the typical chronic symptomatology but the material subsequently was stratified according to objective cystoscopic findings. The medication (400 mg. daily in 2 oral doses) was discontinued after 6 months. The response was evaluated every 4 weeks during treatment and every 3 months thereafter. Most patients responded favorably, many with diminution of pain within only 4 weeks from the start of treatment. The frequency of micturition decreased significantly and the mean volume per void per 24 hours increased in the patients without bladder ulceration but such changes were not found in the patients with ulcer. The bladder capacity was smaller in the ulcer group. In these patients the pre-treatment intensity of pain was somewhat greater than in those without bladder ulcer but the pain was alleviated in both groups and this effect was stable at the 3-month followup. The differences in responses in the 2 groups indicate a probable fundamental difference between ulcerative and nonulcerative interstitial cystitis. Side effects of the drug were few, slight and transient. Therefore, the study indicates that a significant number of patients with interstitial cystitis can be expected to benefit from treatment with sodium pentosanpolysulfate.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chronic interstitial cystitis: a heterogeneous syndrome.

A series of 28 patients with interstitial cystitis and 14 healthy volunteers were studied. We found marked histopathological differences between classic (ulcerative) interstitial cystitis and early (nonulcerative) interstitial cystitis. The bladder mucosa of patients with classic disease exhibited focal ulceration, edema and perineural-perivascular infiltrates. There was a marked increase in 2 distinct mast cell populations. Mast cells increased in the detrusor muscle and mucosa. Mucosal mast cells, unlike those in the muscular coat, are susceptible to aldehyde fixation, and require special fixation and staining techniques for proper demonstration. These cells were numerous in the epithelium and were recovered in bladder washings, consistent with the finding that they have a migratory capacity. In nonulcerative interstitial cystitis all signs of mast cell activation were absent, and the histopathological changes were few and fairly uncharacteristic. We also observed some marked clinical differences between ulcerative and nonulcerative interstitial cystitis. These 2 conditions appear to represent separate entities and should be evaluated separately in clinical studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Contelle: pelvic floor stimulator for female stress-urge incontinence. A multicenter study.

The clinical efficacy of a new device for treatment of female incontinence was studied in a multicenter trial. The device consists of an inflatable electrode carrier and an external stimulator unit. Forty women were treated: 10 had primary or recurrent genuine stress incontinence, 15 had urge incontinence due to idiopathic detrusor instability, not responding to drug treatment, and 15 had stress incontinence combined with detrusor instability. Twenty-five patients were improved by the treatment. Another 8 reported an excellent result of treatment and remained free of symptoms for more than six months after withdrawal of the treatment. The results were more favorable in patients with bladder hyperactivity than in genuine stress incontinence. The patients' general ratings of treatment efficacy correlated well with their recordings of urinary frequency and consumption of incontinence pads. The functional bladder capacity increased in improved patients, but normalization of urodynamic parameters was no prerequisite for clinical improvement. We found intravaginal electrical stimulation to be a valuable alternative to medical and surgical intervention in patients with detrusor instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Microsurgical epididymovasostomy in the treatment of occlusive azoospermia.

In principle, azoospermia has two explanations: occlusion of the duct system and serious dysfunction of the testicular parenchyma. Some cases of duct occlusion are suitable for reconstructive surgery. The authors describe a reconstructive technique based on full mobilization of a single loop of the epididymal duct as caudally as possible with two-layer side-to-end anastomosis to the vas deferens. To ensure follow-up evaluation of each anastomosis, unilateral anastomosis was done primarily. In a few cases, cross-over anastomosis was necessary. In cases of reoperation, if possible, this was performed on the same side. When the epididymal duct system was found empty, the contralateral epididymis was explored. Patients with postoperative oligozoospermia were offered a supplementary contralateral operation. From 1980 to 1984, 41 patients underwent epididymovasostomy. At follow-up evaluation, 35 (85%) presented sperms in repeated tests. Fifteen of these patients (37%) have fathered children. Patients with postoperative normospermia and no antisperm antibodies had an excellent fertility prognosis. The single-loop dissection technique provides anatomic specificity and a high percentage of patent anastomoses and does not interfere with the possibilities of reoperation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Proliferation and transepithelial migration of mucosal mast cells in interstitial cystitis.

The distribution and abundance of mast cells, as well as their fixation, staining and ultrastructural properties, were studied in the urinary bladders of 16 patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) and in 14 normal subjects. Tissues were fixed in both standard formaldehyde solution and a special fixative, IFAA, optimized for the preservation of mucosal mast cells. An expansion of two distinct mast cell populations was observed in IC. One of these, comprising formaldehyde-sensitive cells, was found only in the mucosa underlying lesions of IC. They were most numerous in the lamina propria but were also frequent in the epithelial layer as well as in the bladder washings, indicating a migratory capacity for these cells. The other mast cell population was visualized equally well irrespective of fixation and staining procedure. In control subjects, such cells were found both in the lamina propria and detrusor muscle, but not in the epithelium nor in bladder washings. In lesions of IC they were increased in the detrusor muscle only. Both types of mast cell contained granules with the highly characteristic lamellar arrays and scrolls, distinguishing human mast cell granules from those of blood basophils. The proliferation and intraepithelial distribution of mucosal mast cells are unusual findings, but prominent features of helminth responses and human mucosal allergic reactions. These findings thus suggest that the mucosal mast cell-IgE system may be involved in the pathogenesis and/or aetiology of IC.

Aged↗