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Biomedical subjects

M Falchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Falchi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Cefonicid distribution into tonsillar tissue.

The kinetic profile in tonsils of cefonicid has been studied in 30 patients who underwent tonsillectomy after administration of a single intramuscular dose of 1 g. Blood and tissue samples were withdrawn 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after administration of the drug. The analytical determination was performed employing a microbiological method. Peak serum levels appeared at the first hour (94.2 +/- 9.83 mg/l), while peak tissue values were determined in samples collected at the third hour (11.9 +/- 3.68 mg/kg). Serum levels at the 24th hour were 3.82 +/- 1.25 mg/l. Levels in the tonsils were 7.54 +/- 2.96 mg/kg at the sixth hour, 3.34 +/- 1.42 mg/kg at the twelfth hour and 0.40 +/- 0.31 mg/kg at the 24th hour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

In-vivo and in-vitro interference of antibiotics with antigen-specific antibody responses: effect of josamycin.

The effects of josamycin on the antigen-specific primary antibody responses of human peripheral blood cells have been studied by the method of haemolytic colonies in soft agar. The tests were performed before and after the oral administration of 1 g of josamycin or by adding the drug directly to cultures of cells from untreated donors. The results demonstrate that josamycin, added in vitro or administered in vivo significantly depresses the primary antibody responses. The mechanism by which josamycin exerts its activity on antibody production has been partially elucidated. The immunodepression depends on the stimulation of hydrogen peroxide production by monocytes and requires the actual presence of josamycin during the immune response. The stimulation of the respiratory burst of the phagocytic cell is a common feature of macrolide antibiotics and suggests the need for more extensive clinical and preclinical trials on antibacterial antibiotics that alter the human immune responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Miokamycin and leukocyte activity in man.

The effects of miokamycin on the immune system were studied in healthy volunteers by means of the following assays: phagocytosis, intracellular killing and natural killer activity. The tests were performed before, 2 and 6 h after oral administration of 600 mg of miokamycin. The findings suggest that miokamycin stimulates phagocytosis and intracellular killing. These effects could be clearly shown 2 h after drug intake and disappeared at the 6th hour. On the contrary, the natural killer activity was not significantly stimulated by miokamycin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cortical and medullary kidney tissue levels of cefonicid in human beings.

Cefonicid concentration has been determined microbiologically in cortical and medullary tissue in 30 patient undergoing surgery because of neoplastic disease localized within the kidney. Each subject received 1 g of cefonicid intramuscularly in a single administration. The patients were divided into six groups, from which samples of blood and tissue were collected 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h respectively after treatment with the drug. The mean peak serum levels appeared at the second hour (74.96 +/- 8.14 mcg/ml) and the decay shows a monoexponential behaviour, reaching a minimum value of 5.4 +/- 2.33 mcg/ml at the 24th hour. In the cortical tissue of the kidney the peak levels appeared at the fourth hour (26.22 +/- 8.87 mcg/g), while at the 24th hour levels were about 3.08 +/- 0.81 mcg/g. A very similar behaviour could also be observed in the medullary tissue of the kidney with peak levels at the fourth hour (25.82 +/- 10.06 mcg/g) and levels of 3.48 +/- 0.85 mcg/g at the 24th hour. A delay in the decay of tissue levels in comparison with the decay of blood levels could be observed from the eighth hour.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of dactimicin in rats.

Dactimicin is a new pseudo-disaccharidic aminoglycosidic antibiotic produced by Dactylosporangium matsuzakiense. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of dactimicin intramuscularly administered, at the dosage of 20 mg/kg, in male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average b.w. of 200-220 g. Dactimicin levels were assessed by using a microbiological method (agar diffusion) employing Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as test organism. Samples were collected immediately before and 0.25, 0.50, 1, 1.15 and 2 h after drug administration. The mean peak serum level, reached after 15 min, was 33.6 micrograms/ml (range 30.3-40 micrograms/ml); T1/2 beta was 0.42 h; extrapolated AUC was 26.8 mg h/l.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1989

Mineral fibres and dusts in lungs of subjects living in an urban environment.

We have undertaken a study on 200 autopsy lung samples collected from subjects who lived in the Rome urban area and were not occupationally exposed to mineral dusts. The samples belonged to subjects who died aged between 15 and 65, both male and female. Subjects suffering from diseases and drug addicts were excluded. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether any correlation existed between subjects' life-style, in particular smoking habits, and the presence of mineral fibres and dusts in their lungs. The data obtained were compared with those on airborne mineral dusts in the environment of the subjects themselves, particularly data on the concentration and types of mineral fibres present in that environment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Miokamycin penetration into oral cavity tissues and crevicular fluid.

Diffusion of miokamycin into gum, maxillary-mandibular bone and crevicular fluid was studied in human beings. The antibiotic concentrations were determined in specimens at different times after oral administration of 600 mg in a single dose of miokamycin. Peak serum levels (2.32 +/- 0.67 mcg/ml) were found at the first hour after dosage. In healthy gum tissue the highest antibiotic levels (1.44 +/- 0.34 mcg/gr) were observed at the second hour, while in the inflamed gum miokamycin penetrates more rapidly, being, as in serum at the highest levels detectable during the first hour. In the bone of the maxilla or mandible the highest levels of miokamycin (0.88 +/- 0.13 mcg/gr) were detected at the second hour after treatment. In the crevicular fluid miokamycin showed a similar profile as that in serum, since the peak levels were reached at the first hour (2.4 +/- 0.88 mcg/ml, but the decrease of the antibiotic occurred more slowly than in serum. Miokamycin rapidly penetrates into tissues and fluids of oral cavity. A single oral dose of 600 mg guarantees antibacterial levels against susceptible bacteria over six hours.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Bactericidal effect of ceftriaxone versus imipenem plus cilastatin in bronchial secretion.

The bactericidal quotient (BQ) assessed in the site of infection represents an essential parameter for evaluating the real bactericidal potency of an antibiotic in vivo. The assessment and knowledge of BQ values allow us to set up a more accurate and appropriate antibacterial therapy. The two drugs--ceftriaxone (Rocephin) and imipenem plus cilastatin (Tienam)--that have been taken into consideration in this study, having a similar antibacterial spectrum though with different kinetics, may have the same BQ values in bronchial secretion versus Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, when administered at different dosages, i.e. ceftriaxone 1 g (i.v.) every 24 h, imipenem 0.5 g (i.v.) every 8 h.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Non-interference of xibornol on the theophylline blood levels.

The authors have proposed the evaluation of the possible pharmacokinetic interactions between xibornol and theophylline. This study has been carried out on eight healthy volunteers of both sexes between 19 and 27 years of age. On the first day each subject was treated with 600 mg oral sustained-release formulation of aminophylline at 08h00 and at 20h00. From the 2nd day an oral administration of 500 mg of xibornol every 8 h was added to the treatment of aminophylline. On the 1st, 2nd and 5th day blood samples were taken after 30, 90, 180 and 300 min following drug administration. After serum separation an analysis was performed on them. The results have shown that theophylline levels at the programmed times during the three days tested are just overlapping. In conclusion the administration of xibornol does not introduce any interference with theophylline clearance or lengthening of its plasma half-life.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of ceftriaxone in the tissues of the female genital system.

Twenty-nine patients, hospitalized in order to undergo gynaecological surgery involving organ removal, were treated with a single intramuscular administration of 1 g ceftriaxone before surgery. The tissue levels of the drug determined in the organs considered: uterus, ovary, fallopian tubes, vagina, proved to be comparable and to guarantee its satisfactory and uniform penetration into the tissues of the female genital system at a slowly decreasing rate. The high levels observed 12 h and 24 h after administration (2.24 +/- 0.74 mcg/g; 3.58 +/- 0.60 mcg/g; 0.70 +/- 0.45 mcg/g; 1.20 +/- 0.57 mcg/g in the ovaries and myometrium respectively) suggest a possible application of ceftriaxone in presurgical prophylaxis also in cases of female genital surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Auditory brainstem and middle-latency responses in Bell's palsy.

Patients with acute peripheral facial palsy (Bell's palsy) were examined by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and middle-latency response (MLR) for signs of brainstem involvement. ABR data on 30 patients indicated that wave V latencies were abnormal by greater than 3 SD in only 2 patients, 1 of whom showed abnormality contralateral to the affected side. When the criterion for abnormality was reduced to 2 SD, wave V abnormality was found in only 3 of the 30 patients. All 14 patients tested by MLR showed normal responses. These findings suggest that on the basis of evoked potential measures, brainstem involvement may not be pathognomonic of Bell's palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ceftriaxone therapy in otolaryngological and pulmonary infections.

The efficacy of ceftriaxone, 1 g given intramuscularly once daily, was evaluated in 38 patients with pneumonia (n = 11), pulmonary empyema (n = 2), bronchitis (n = 4), tonsillitis (n = 9), sinusitis (n = 7), and otitis (n = 5). Causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 11), viridans type streptococcus (n = 1), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 6), group A streptococcus (n = 10), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n = 2), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), and Proteus vulgaris (n = 1). Sterilization of infected foci was obtained in 89.4% of those treated, with clinical recovery in 86.8%. The ceftriaxone regimen was well tolerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Penetration of erythromycin into tonsillar tissue.

A study was carried out to investigate serum levels and tonsillar tissue penetration of erythromycin in 80 children suffering from chronic tonsillitis who had to undergo tonsillectomy. Oral erythromycin ethyl succinate (1 g twice daily) was given for the 2 days preceding surgery, the last dose scheduled for 2, 3, 4 or 6 hours before the start of the operation and the withdrawal of blood and tissue samples. The results showed that erythromycin penetrated quickly into tonsillar tissue and the levels were higher in tissue than in serum at all time points. Mean levels of erythromycin were consistently greater than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most common Gram-positive oro-pharyngeal pathogens and H. influenzae.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Flumethasone pivalate (Locorten) in the treatment of oral diseases.

The combination flumethasone pivalate + iodochlorohydroxychinoline drops was used in 40 patients, 24 males and 16 females, mean age 42.6 years, suffering from infectious enanthema (35%), periodontitis (30%), aphthous stomatitis (25%) and abscess due to prosthesis (10%). After application of 2-3 drops of the combination t.i.d. for 2-7 days, satisfactory results were obtained in all the patients. Tolerance was good; mild unwanted effects occurred in 2 patients (5.0%). Thus the combination flumethasone pivalate + iodochlorohydroxychinoline appears to be very effective in the treatment of oral diseases because its action is more rapid and stronger than that of other currently used drugs.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Comparison between penetration of amoxicillin combined with carbocysteine and amoxicillin alone in pathological bronchial secretions and pulmonary tissue.

Patients with chronic bronchitis were treated orally with either amoxicillin (500 mg) alone or in combination with carbocysteine (150 mg), thrice daily for five days, in order to assess whether the combination allows higher antibiotic levels to be obtained in bronchial mucus than those obtained from amoxicillin alone. Serum and mucus levels were determined for each patient at first and fifth day of the two drug regimens. The levels of amoxicillin in the lung tissue collected in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery were also determined after a single oral dose of amoxicillin (1 g) or of amoxicillin (1 g) plus carbocysteine (300 mg). In the bronchial secretions, at the same plasma concentrations, amoxicillin levels were statistically higher after administration of combined substances. These findings indicate the presence of a pharmacokinetic synergism between these compounds, which allows amoxicillin to penetrate more easily through the hemato-bronchial barrier. The association of amoxicillin and carbocysteine, determining an increase of the quantitative levels of antibiotic in the bronchial secretion (also if it is purulent), performs a sterilizing action in a short time with significant therapeutic advantages.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Resistance to chemioantibiotics of Salmonella strains isolated from people employed in food production and distribution in 1982.

From healthy carriers, working in the alimentation field in the milanese area 2144 serotypes of Salmonella have been isolated in 1982, on which sensitivity towards 19 chemioantibiotics has been tested selecting them among those mostly employed in therapy. A remarkable resistance of isolated strains has been observed towards streptomycin (91.77%) and rifampicin (82.00%) and a low resistance towards sisomycin (1.21%) and cefotaxime (1.30%). 402 resistance patterns with various degree have been noticed towards up to 11 chemioantibiotics, particularly among Salmonella strains belonging to those of long lasting circulation of B, C and D serological groups. The importance from the epidemiological point of view of the presence of Salmonella strains with multiple resistance among staff working in the alimentation field is stressed, because they may be considered as incubation sites for the appearance of alimentary salmonellosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗