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Biomedical subjects

M Fabre

Publications and source records attributed to M Fabre.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Arterial recanalization using the laser. A technic for the future?].

On the basis of two years' experience, a technique for the use of percutaneous endoluminal continuous emission Nd-YAG laser has been developed for arterial recanalisation. The effectiveness of this type of laser has been demonstrated in a large number of clots and atheromatous plaques, including calcified plaques. A balloon catheter gives a coaxial position of the fiber in center of the artery. Infusion of a blood solution containing 3 g of haemoglobin/100 ml at a rate of 20 ml/minute limits the thermal parietal lesions, improves the conditions of laser treatment and eliminates any risk of arterial perforation. No embolic debris is collected down-stream. Recanalisation of long arterial segments in amputated legs was performed prior to the human application. Ten patients have been treated with no mortality and virtually no morbidity. The narrowness of the reformed arterial lumina resulted in early re-thrombosis in the first 5 cases, requiring balloon modelling to ensure patency with a follow-up of 1 to 3 months in the 5 following patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Benign lympho-epithelial lesion (Blel) of the parotid. Godwin's tumor. A case with cystic ectasia and calcinosis].

We report a case of a benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland known as Godwin's tumor. This swelling of the parotid gland, appears as a tumor clinically as well as in scintigraphy and echography. The individual features of this tumor are recognized only during the histological examination: massive infiltration of the lobules of the parotid by a proliferative lymphoid tissue with differentiation to germinal centers and atrophy of the glandular acini. The treatment consists of a superficial parotidectomy. The frozen section avoids a total parotidectomy. In our case, the histological picture is quite particular due to the extensive cystic ductal dilatation and the presence of some calcifications. This aspect permit us to bring together the BLEL and the pseudotumoral calcinosis of the parotid gland. Those two lesions, occur under a context of disfunction, and they could be associated to a Gougerot-Sjögren (GS) syndrome. The BLEL could be considered as the pseudotumoral form of an isolated GS which could be completed after many years with the apparition of auto anti-bodies. The BLEL evoluates as a benign tumor but it's correlation with a malignant lymphoma or a lymphoepithelial carcinoma is also possible. Therefore it is important to follow-up these patients clinically, hematologically and immunologically after their parotidectomy.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1985

Induction of tolerance to urushiol by epicutaneous application of this hapten on dinitrofluorobenzene-treated skin.

The application of a sensitizing dose of urushiol on a dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-treated skin area significantly diminished the intensity of the urushiol challenge test in guinea pigs. Furthermore, the animals which had been first exposed to urushiol through DNFB-treated skin failed to become sensitized in a second sensitization attempt even when painted on a previously untreated area. This tolerance is hapten-specific and may be reversed by treatment with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) shortly before another contact sensitization attempt to urushiol. In a previous work, we have shown that most of the Langerhans cells present in the DNFB-treated skin area are ATPase-negative and that there exists a link between the membranous ATPase system and the formation of Langerhans cell granules. The latter seem to develop in the course of a mechanism of adsorptive pinocytosis during which ATPase activity "disappears." Thus we suggest that the "unavailability" of ATPase-negative Langerhans cells for adequate processing a second hapten may result from the incapacity of cells lacking their ATPase system to activate the intracellular events that depend on this system and that normally lead to sensitization.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1985

ATPase and morphologic changes induced by UVB on Langerhans cells in guinea pigs.

We have devised, in guinea pigs, an improved ATPase technique which enables one to proceed from light to electron microscope study while preserving, on the ultrastructural level, the various membranous structures, in particular the Langerhans cell (LC) granules. Using this method, we have been able to confirm the action of acute, low-dose UVB on the surface enzymatic marker, ATPase. Moreover, this study has shown that the ATPase-negative LC contain abnormal LC granules or, more often, are deficient in LC granules. In a previous work, we have shown that, after epicutaneous application of a hapten, one successively observes an extensive adsorptive pinocytosis process, the disappearance of the membranous ATPase system, and the appearance of LC granules in the cytoplasm. Therefore we may suppose that, after UVB irradiation, the disappearance of the ATPase system and/or the possible alteration of the adsorptive pinocytosis process interrupts or alters the formation of LC granules. These successive events might play a vital role in the formation of the hapten--carrier protein-Ia antigen complex. In their absence in a large number of LC, following UV irradiation, epicutaneous application of a hapten would lead to the development of a state of immune tolerance.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1985

Cellular development and myelin production in primary cultures of embryonic mouse brain.

The development of cell cultures from embryonic mouse cerebral hemispheres has been followed in detail for periods up to 40 days in culture using a variety of approaches. Functionally well differentiated neurons (shown by receptor binding studies, immunocytochemistry and morphological examination) were found to be abundant early in culture and to form cell contacts with oligodendrocytes characterized both immunocytochemically and morphologically. Myelin-like membranes with the periodicity of classical myelin elaborated by oligodendrocytes were detected only after 30 days in culture when neurones were no longer present. These results are discussed with regard to possible mechanisms of initiation of myelin synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Formation of Langerhans granules seems linked to membrane ATPase activity of epidermal Langerhans cells].

The epidermis contains a population of dendritic cells, Langerhans cells (LC), derived from cells originating from bone marrow, bearing receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG and for the C3 fraction of complement and expressing at their surface Ia antigens of the major histocompatibility system. These cells with multiple immunological functions are capable of presenting antigens to immunocompetent cells. The labeling of LC through revelation of their membranous ATPase activity constitutes one of the best available techniques for their visualization. Moreover, the presence of this ATPase activity appears to be a prerequisite for the induction of contact sensitivity, since in the absence of such activity, the epicutaneous application of a hapten induces a state of immunological tolerance. Applying, at a sensitizing dose, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on an untreated guinea-pig skin surface results in a momentary drop in the number of ATPase positive LC in the application zone. Using an improved technique for ATPase labeling (Hanau et coll. submitted for publication, 1985)--which allows one to extend the study from optical to electron microscopy--we observed by electron microscopy the formation, within the LC, of numerous Langerhans granules, concurrent with the loss of ATPase membranous activity. These granules, first described by Birbeck et coll. and specific to LC in the epidermis, have a complex structure. On a section, they may display either a linear aspect (rod-like)--with sometimes a vesicular portion at one extremity (racket-like)--or a circular shape. Whatever their shape, they always show a central striation, which gives them a zipper-like appearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1984

Behaviour of odontogenic epithelial cells in primary culture.

Odontogenic epithelial cells in primary culture easily adhere to the substratum through close and focal contacts. The adhesion processes of well-spread cells are found to be heterogeneous with respect to sensitivity to divalent cations/chelating agents. When cells are detached by mechanical forces, material remains attached to the substratum, which shows an enrichment in actin, intermediate filament components, and a protein with a MW of 130,000 daltons. The cytoskeleton is visualized after Triton-X 100 extraction. Microfilaments are abundant at the ventral side of cells in contact with the substratum. Intermediate filaments and microfilament bundles are observed close to the nuclear surface. Stress fibers end and ravel out at the ventral side of the cell in sites corresponding to focal contacts. In some regions cells in contact with the substratum deposit extracellular material with the ultrastructural aspect of a basal lamina. This material is associated to hemidesmosomes in early stages.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Aneurysm of the trunk of the superior mesenteric artery and polyaneurysmal disease of the right paracolic arcade of fibromuscular hyperplasia type. A case].

The authors report a case of an aneurysm of the mid part of the superior mesenteric artery associated with polyaneurysmal disease of the right paracolic arterial arcade. Features of special interest in this case were the rarity of the location of the aneurysm and its aetiology: a hyperplastic fibromuscular angiodysplasia.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1984

Plasma prolidase activity: a possible index of collagen catabolism in chronic liver disease.

We describe here an easy method of determining prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9) in plasma after preincubation with Mn2+ for 24 h at 37 degrees C to maximize prolidase activity. The mean activity in 338 patients who were either in hospital or outpatients was 900 U/L +/- 520 (2 SD), unrelated to sex or age. In 25 of these 338 samples tested, prolidase activity was between 1500 and 2000 U/L. It exceeded 2000 U/L in eight, all of whom were patients with chronic liver disease. Plasma prolidase activity was normal in cytolytic syndromes such as liver or heart disease. Of the 27 patients with cirrhosis, only five exhibited prolidase activity greater than 2000 U/L. Plasma prolidase activity was uncorrelated with six biochemical indexes to liver function (the aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, glutamyltransferase, total bilirubin, and serum albumin) or with the degree of cirrhotic fibrosis. We believe that plasma prolidase activity may be high only in the early stage of fibrosis. This hypothesis would be consistent with the data on rat-liver collagenolytic activities during CCl4 administration. Monitoring of plasma prolidase activity might be useful in evaluating fibrotic processes in chronic liver disease in the human.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Tubo-ovarian hydatid cyst. Apropos of a case].

The authors report a new case of hydatid disease infecting the Fallopian tube and ovary. Diagnosis was ascertained only upon pathologic examination of the operative specimen. With reference to this case, the signs which may suggest the diagnosis are specified, as well as the treatment and the nosology of these localizations.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Investigations on myelination in vitro: IV. "Myelin-like" or premyelin structures in cultures of dissociated brain cells from 14--15-day-old embryonic mice.

The present study reports ultrastructural and biochemical data characteristic of myelin-related structures in 30- to 41-day-old cultures of dissociated brain cells from 14- to 15-day-old embryonic mice. Multilayered membranous material was identified and displayed an alternation of electron-lucent and electron-dense lamellae with a periodicity of 102 A. In these membranes, typical myelin constituents like basic protein, cerebrosides, sulfatides, and CNPase could be identified. Although we are still unable to distinguish if these membranes are premyelin or compact myelin, which could be partly degraded, these results indicate that cultured mouse brain cells retain, to a certain extent, potential to produce myelin-related membranes.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1983

Activity of neurons in the ventral tegmental region of the behaving monkey.

To investigate the functions of neurons in the ventral tegmental area, recordings were made of the activity of 257 single neurons in this area in the behaving monkey. Four main types of neuronal response were found in the ventral part of the tegmentum. First, neurons with activity phasically related to mouth or arm movements were found. Most of these were located relatively far lateral, close to the junction of the midbrain reticular formation with the zona incerta, or were in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata. Second, neurons were found which responded differentially in a visual discrimination task on trials on which the monkey had to initiate a licking response compared with trials on which he did not, and which also altered their firing rate tonically while mouth movements were being made in other situations (differential motor neurons). These were found mainly in the midbrain reticular formation, consistent with the view that populations of neurons in these regions are involved in the execution of movements. Third, neurons which also responded differentially in the visual discrimination task, but did not respond when the same movements were made in other situations, were found in the ventral tegmental area, in a region medial to and in some cases immediately dorsal to the substantia nigra pars compacta. Fourth, neurons which responded to cues such as a tone which enabled the monkey to prepare for performance on each trial of the visual discrimination task were found in the ventral tegmental area close to the midline. These third and fourth types of neurons were thus found in the region where neurons of the mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways are located. Their responses are similar to those of neurons found in the striatum, and it is suggested that they are important in enabling the animal to prepare for and then to engage in particular behavioral responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Phosgene poisoning].

Phosgene, a combat gaz of the first world war is now very used in industry. Authors report a few observations about acute intoxications in the manufacture of this gaz in Toulouse. They insist about the risks of slow coming out lung oedema when safety instructions are not correctly followed. However better knowledge and observance of these instructions permitted a reduction of these intoxications in number and gravity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Toxic pneumopathy following voluntary ingestion of 1 1/2 liters of gas-oil].

Authors recall an original observation about a twenty years old young girl who ingested one and half litre of gas-oil for suicide. A severe toxic lung disease appeared in the following days. Several weeks will be necessary for complete resorption, but no heavy breathing assistance will be needed. This observation confirmates the very rare cases described in publication.

Adult↗