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Biomedical subjects

M F Tungekar

Publications and source records attributed to M F Tungekar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The L1 antigen and squamous metaplasia in the bladder.

The L1 antigen was investigated as a marker of squamous differentiation in urothelium using a monoclonal antibody Mac387, and the results were compared with the expression of high molecular weight cytokeratins. L1 antigen was consistently demonstrated in all instances of partial and complete squamous metaplasia and in squamous carcinomas. In contrast, pure transitional cell carcinomas (except one with minor focal staining), adenocarcinomas and normal and hyperplastic urothelium did not label. In a few squamous carcinomas in situ, the pattern of labelling obtained with Mac387 was different from that seen in invasive squamous carcinomas and metaplasias. Compared with high molecular weight cytokeratins, the expression of L1 was more intense in areas of squamous differentiation. L1 expression, as identified by antibody Mac387, may therefore serve as a useful marker of squamous differentiation in urothelial lesions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Ki-67 immunostaining and survival in operable lung cancer.

One hundred and eighty-seven operable lung tumours were immunostained with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 and divided into groups of high, moderate or low proliferation. Patients have been followed clinically for up to 7 years to ascertain whether this immunocytochemical measurement reflected tumour behaviour in terms of survival. The majority of the tumours were squamous cell carcinomas (104 cases) and adenocarcinomas (60 cases). These were divided into three groups of low, intermediate and high growth fraction, in which survival was better for tumours of lower proliferative rate up to approximately 2 years after operation. By 5 years these differences had largely disappeared and all tumours of a particular type showed a similar survival curve. Small cell carcinomas (13 cases) had high Ki-67 labelling indices, with more than 60% of patients deal in the first year, whereas carcinoid tumours (10 cases) had low labelling rates and all but one are still alive. We conclude that measurement of lung tumour growth rate with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 shows promise as a possible indicator of short-term survival and perhaps as a means of choosing a group of patients with adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas for post-operative chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Partial replacement of the oesophageal muscle layers by a carbon-fibre prosthesis.

In the present study we report on the surgical replacement of the thoracic portion of oesophageal muscularis by a synthetic carbon fibre (CF) prothesis in a rabbit model. Our results, as corroborated by the oesophagograms and the post-operative weight gain, showed that this prothesis functioned satisfactorily for up to 6 weeks observation period. When the observation period was extended to 12 and 24 weeks after surgery, dilatation of the oesophagus at the prosthetic site was observed. All animals tolerated this dilatation and survived their intended observation period in good condition. In all these animals the body weight loss of -11.23 +/- 3.97% (p = 0.005) noted during the 1st week after the operation stopped and the body weight returned to its preoperative level within 3 weeks, as in the control groups. When the CF protheses were wrapped with a non-biodegradable polyurethane ether material with an elasticity of 19.2 g/mm, all rabbits died within 3 weeks or had to be sacrificed because of complications due to stagnation of food. In these rabbits the body weight decreased dramatically by -27.40 +/- 5.41% (p less than 0.001). In any similar future studies using the rabbit model, the post-operative body weight should provide a simple, sensitive and reliable monitoring tool for the functional assessment of the reconstructive procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients in Kuwait.

Two hundred and four patients, mainly Arabs, attending for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the gastroenterology clinic in Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait, were examined for evidence of infection with Helicobacter pylori and associated inflammation. Biopsy specimens of antrum, body, and duodenum; gastric juice; and antral mucosal brushings were investigated by microbiological, cytological, and histopathological methods. Clinical conditions diagnosed at endoscopy included gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenitis and duodenal ulcer, but half the patients had endoscopically normal gastric and duodenal mucosae. H pylori was detected by one or more of the procedures in at least one specimen from 197 (96.6%) of the patients. Histological and cytological analysis showed equal sensitivity, but bacteriological culture was less reliable. The proportion of positive cases was high, compared with other reported series, which may have been accounted for by the variety of diagnostic techniques used in this study, the selected population (all with gastrointestinal symptoms) or genetic or environmental predisposing factors peculiar to the sample population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemistry of cytokeratin proteins in squamous and transitional cell lesions of the urinary tract.

Expression of low and high molecular weight cytokeratin proteins was investigated immunohistochemically in a variety of transitional and squamous epithelial lesions of the urinary tract with and without schistosomiasis. The monoclonal antibodies used were CAM 5.2 and NCL5D3 for low, PK 63 and 121 for high, and MAK 6 for a broad range of intermediate molecular weight cytokeratins. On staining with CAM 5.2 and NCL5D3, urothelial hyperplasias (n = 12) and grades 1 (n = 5) and 2 (n = 10) papillary transitional cell carcinomas showed labelling patterns quite distinct from carcinoma in situ (n = 4) and non-papillary grades 2 (n = 6) and 3 tumours (n = 3). Among squamous lesions only focal positivity was obtained in 14 of 22 moderate to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. By contrast, PK 63 and 121 stained squamous lesions exclusively. MAK 6 stained the whole range of urothelial and squamous lesions with the exception of squamous metaplasias. Polyclonal antikeratin adequately labelled spindle cell areas of high grade tumours. The distinctive staining patterns given by these or similar antibodies may help in the identification of squamous metaplasia and in diagnosing tumours of the urothelium.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

Expression of chorionic gonadotropin by schistosomiasis-associated squamous carcinomas of bladder.

Of 22 consecutive cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder, 4 expressed the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The significance of this finding is compared to similar observations made in urothelial carcinomas by others and its value as a possible marker in diagnosing and monitoring the progress of these tumors is discussed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

Polymyositis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

We report a patient with recent onset of acute polymyositis who was subsequently found to have a hepatocellular carcinoma, a rare uncommonly associated malignancy.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

Fine structural changes in idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis.

Lung biopsies from four children and two adults with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. No qualitative differences were identified between the children and the adults but the changes were more severe in the children. In each case the major damage involved the capillary endothelium and its basement membrane. Capillary endothelial swelling was very noticeable and in one case the endothelium was attenuated but gaps between endothelial cells were very difficult to find. Capillary narrowing and platelet aggregation were common. The capillary endothelial basement membrane showed focal thickening, particularly on the thick side of the air/blood barrier, but no electron dense deposits were identified. Degenerative changes in the alveolar epithelium were not so marked as those in the capillary endothelium and the epithelial basement membrane was normal except for haemosiderin deposition. Haemosiderin was also noted on elastin and within intra-alveolar macrophages. Other secondary changes included mild interstitial oedema and fibrosis. These findings indicate that the major site of damage is the alveolar capillary, but provide no evidence of the cause of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Schistosomiasis-associated squamous lesions of the bladder. Expression of low molecular weight cytokeratin proteins.

The monoclonal antibody CAM 5.2 was used to investigate the expression of lower molecular weight cytokeratin proteins immunocytochemically in conventionally processed samples of schistosoma-associated squamous metaplasias and carcinomas of the urinary bladder. The antibody did not differentiate between squamous metaplasias and well differentiated squamous carcinomas, though it did focally label moderate to poorly differentiated tumours. The results suggest that squamous carcinomas of the bladder in this setting differ fundamentally from such tumours at other sites in their patterns of cytokeratin protein expression.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Coeliac disease among children in Kuwait: difficulties in diagnosis and management.

Twenty children with coeliac disease were diagnosed over a five year period in an area with 10,000-12,000 births per year. The average annual incidence was 1:3000 births. All children presented with severe symptoms and rickets was not uncommon (25%). Mean age at onset of symptoms was 38 months (range 6-120) and 72 months at the time of diagnosis (range 13-192), with a mean delay of 34 months. No cases were diagnosed during infancy. The difficulties in the differentiation of coeliac disease from the more common causes of chronic diarrhoea, and problems with diagnosis and management are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Gastric alpha heavy chain disease.

Clinicopathological and immunohistological features of 4 cases of gastric lymphomas with alpha-heavy chain disease (AHCD) are described. Clinically there were no reliable features that could distinguish them from the 'western' types of gastric lymphomas (WGL). Two of the 4 had diffuse mucosal involvement reminiscent of the more common intestinal form of AHCD. Histologically, all 4 were low-grade follicular-centre cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation. The diagnosis of gastric AHCD and its implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Complete Freund's adjuvant has a differential amplification action on the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin in various murine strains: CFA amplifies STZ in murine diabetes.

The effect of complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA) has been investigated on the multi-low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) model of diabetes in mice of the H-2b (C57Bl/6) and of the H-2k (A/J, CBA) genotypes. Physiological (glycemia and body weight) and morphological (insulitis) parameters were monitored. STZ was used at standard and sub-diabetogenic dose levels (45 and 22.5 mg/kg STZ, for five consecutive days respectively) and CFA was given as a single dose (0.1 ml) on the first dosage day. In H-2k mice, CFA was synergistic with STZ at 45 mg/kg but did not cause the 22.5 mg/kg dose to raise glycemia to diabetic levels. By comparison, CFA was not synergistic with STZ at 45 mg/kg in H-2b mice, but did convert the subdiabetogenic dose to a diabetogenic action in these animals. Histologically, it was noted that insulitis was a more prominent and persistent feature of the H-2k mice. It occurred at the subdiabetogenic dose level of STZ in H-2k mice, in the absence of increased glycemia, suggesting that these two phenomena are not related. CFA, either alone, or with STZ, caused severe persistent perilobular inflammation of the exocrine pancreas. It did not increase the incidence or severity of insulitis. A possible mechanism whereby CFA is synergistic with STZ at different doses in H-2b and H-2k mice is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Gastric signet-ring cell lymphoma with alpha heavy chains.

Signet-ring cell lymphomas are rare especially as primary gastric tumours; alpha chain disease of the stomach is also unusual. A case of gastric signet-ring cell lymphoma with free alpha chains in the gastro-duodenal juice is reported and its light microscopic, immunohistological and ultrastructural features are described. Although the morphogenesis of signet-ring cell lymphoma is not clear, the present case showed many of the features of a mucosa-associated lymphoma. This rare variant of follicle centre cell lymphoma may easily be mistaken for a signet-ring cell carcinoma. A search for abnormal immunoglobulins should be made in serum, secretions or tissues in future cases of signet-ring cell lymphoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1981

Malignant lymphomas: results and observations from St George's Hospital.

With both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the results documented compared well with reference series. Hence the advantages of a modest clinic need not be at the cost of recovery or of survival. A major factor attenuating the scale of therapy in Hodgkin's disease is the risk of inducing second malignancies. Four such complications have been observed amongst 27 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Amongst the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma better results were noted than the designation 'poor prognosis histology' had led the authors to expect. These findings suggest that the concept of histologically based prognosis may be over-subscribed and that contemporary therapeutic strategies can be extremely effective in this group.

Adolescent↗