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Biomedical subjects

M F Reiser

Publications and source records attributed to M F Reiser.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Musculoskeletal neoplasms: static and dynamic Gd-DTPA--enhanced MR imaging.

Static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed in 69 patients with bone and soft-tissue tumors. T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) imaging after intravenous administration of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) improved the differentiation of necrotic from viable areas; the contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N) between tumor and muscle was an average of 44% lower compared with that in T2-weighted SE imaging. The C/N between tumor and bone marrow or fatty tissue was 43% and 37% lower, respectively, compared with that in nonenhanced T1-weighted SE imaging. Dynamic changes of signal intensity (SI) after Gd-DTPA enhancement were assessed with fast low-angle shot imaging. Of malignant tumors, 84.1% exhibited slopes higher than 30% per minute; 72% of benign tumors showed slopes lower than 30% per minute. The dynamic technique enabled assessment of the malignant potential of a tumor with some overlap (accuracy, 79.7%). Necrotic areas and peritumorous edema showed significantly lower and more gradual increases in SI than adjacent neoplastic tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Magnetic resonance in cartilaginous lesions of the knee joint with three-dimensional gradient-echo imaging.

Diagnosis of chondromalacia of the patellofemoral joint using three-dimensional gradient-echo sequences was investigated in 41 patients, with arthroscopic verification in 25 patients. In vitro examinations in human cadaveric patellae were performed in order to determine optimal imaging parameters. FLASH (TR = 40 ms, TE = 10 ms, flip angle = 30 degrees) and FISP (TR = 40 ms, TE = 10 ms, flip angle = 40 degrees) were used in clinical studies. Advanced stages of chrondromalacia could be visualized with high sensitivity. In less advanced disease, overstaging was observed. The therapeutically relevant differentiation of major and minor degrees of chondromalacia seems to be possible. 30 degrees FLASH-images in the axial plane proved to be the most efficacious technique for the diagnosis of chondromalacia.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1988

Are psychiatric educators "losing the mind"?

Psychiatry is part of medicine, and developing competence to deal with the mental life of patients is an essential part of general medical as well as psychiatric subspecialty education. As psychiatry's neurobiological data base, therapeutic armamentarium, scope of interest, and philosophical views expand and competitive pressures for time in residency training are intensified, teaching in the mental sciences and opportunities for residents to develop solid psychodynamic diagnostic and therapeutic skills are rapidly disappearing. However, brain science does not yet, and probably never will, fully explain the mind. The author urges psychiatric educators not to give up the mind or, worse yet, lose it by default.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of theoretically oriented and patient-oriented behavioral science courses.

Effective teaching of medical behavioral science is an important challenge for psychiatrists. Two behavioral science courses taught at different times at the Yale University School of Medicine are described: a theoretically oriented course emphasizing symbolic function, primary source reading, and conceptual thinking and a patient-oriented course emphasizing the relevance of behavioral science to the practice of medicine, taught primarily by consultation-liaison psychiatrists. Students' evaluations of the two courses during the fifth year each course was taught were compared. The students' acceptance of the patient-oriented course was dramatically greater than that of the theoretically oriented course. The class mean scores on the behavioral science subtest of the Part I examination of the National Board of Medical Examiners during the last four years that the courses were taught were compared. The mean scores of the classes that had taken the patient-oriented course were significantly higher than those of the classes that had taken the theoretically oriented course. The mean score for the class that took the fifth year of the patient-oriented course was 52 points higher than the mean score for the class that took the fifth year of the theoretically oriented course. The authors concluded that the skills that consultation-liaison psychiatrists use every day in their work may be exactly those that are useful in teaching a successful behavioral science course for medical students.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous ejaculation associated with anxiety: psychophysiological considerations.

The association of anxiety with sexual excitement has been noted since the early part of this century. The authors present case reports of a schizophrenic and a neurotic patient in whom no direct sexual precipitants of spontaneous ejaculation could be identified but in whom severe anxiety was evident. The central noradrenergic neurophysiology that anxiety may share with sexual excitement could provide a basis for spontaneous ejaculation during anxiety. The pharmacology of spontaneous ejaculation during opiate withdrawal is used to elaborate this central noradrenergic model.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A general systems taxonomy for psychological defence mechanisms.

A taxonomy of psychological defence mechanisms based on general systems concepts is proposed. The personality system consists of the subsystems concerned with input, internal processing, and output of information. Psychological defence mechanisms can be classified according to the subsystem whose function is mainly altered. Defence mechanisms primarily altering the input apparatus function through changes in the perceptual process. These include diminution of perception (denial), distortion of the origin of the percepts (projection and introjection), and distortion of subjectively perceived direction of the feelings and thoughts (displacement). Defence mechanisms that primarily alter the functions of the internal processing apparatus include repression, rationalization, intellectualization, isolation, and fantasy/day-dreaming. These mechanisms alter associative and cognitive processes either directly (repression) or indirectly. In reaction formation, there may by a selective distortion to produce an opposite affect. Defence mechanisms that primarily affect the output apparatus include acting out, counterphobic activity, undoing, sublimation, and non-specific activity. Regression and identification are defence mechanisms that affect all the subsystems, input, internal processing and output, more or less uniformly producing effects throughout the personality system. The advantage of this classification scheme is that it relates primarily to directly observable phenomena that can be readily classified. Another advantage is that it may generate researchable neuropsychological hypotheses concerning possible neural substrates of defence mechanisms.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMed1980

The patient evaluation grid: a systematic approach to comprehensive care.

A comprehensive approach to patients requires a systemic method that complements the clinical approach to disease. The method described here utilizes a patient evaluation grid that takes into account the biological, personal, and environmental dimensions of the patient and the current, recent, and background contexts of illness. It allows the clinician to anticipate problems relating to patient care and to assign priorities to management plans formulated in the three dimensions. It may also facilitate further research into the interrelationships among the multiple determinants of illness. This approach may help to bridge the gap between psychiatry and medicine by providing an integrated conceptual framework of organizing information.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

Implications of a biopsychosocial model for research in psychiatry.

Developments in general and living systems theory, in computer science, and in research instrumentation and technology have led to new perspectives on the patient as a person. The biopsychosocial model forces realization that states of health and illness can be understood fully only in terms of their biological, psychological, and social parameters. Research implications of this model, particularly the appreciation it engenders for the brain's role in mediating and regulating transactions along the society-mind-brain-body continuum, are discussed. Objective data generated by skilled clinical psychiatric methods will be needed in addition to data generated in the basic science area for the full range of research challenges in psychiatry to be met.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Goals of education in psychosomatic medicine.

The modern concept of psychosomatic medicine is based on a multifactorial, interactional systems model for all diseases in which the behavioral and social dimensions play important roles in the pathogenesis, manifestation, course, and outcome. This psychosomatic approach forms the philosophical underpinning of a modern educational program. A general goal of education for all physicians is understanding the behavioral and psychosocial factors in all illness. Specific goals for the primary physician and the psychiatrist are the instillation of a holistic attitude in patient care through systematic training, and the attainment of skills and knowledge to integrate behavioral and biomedical sciences, respectively. This includes specific diagnostic, treatment, and educational skills. Yale's multilevel educational program in psychosomatic medicine is described.

Connecticut↗
PubMed1977

Major trends in psychosomatic medicine. The psychiatrist's evolving role in medicine.

Three developmental lines are identifiable in psychosomatic medicine: (1) psychodynamic investigations, (2) psychophysiologic and psychosocial research, and (3) consultation-liaison psychiatry. Although psychodynamic understanding of medical patients remains important, "psychogenesis" is no longer the principal concern of psychosomatic medicine, which has shifted emphasis to a holistic understanding that includes the biologic, psychologic, and social systems of medical and psychiatric patients. Recent investigations along the second line indicate that all medical and psychiatric illnesses can be regarded as "psychosomatic," in that comprehensive understanding and care cannot be achieved without considering the three interrelated systems. Consultation-liaison psychiatry is the practice of this holistic approach in the general hospital. The essential role of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist as a bridge between the biologic and behavioral disciplines may become a major part of the role of the general psychiatrist in the future.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1972

Training for what?

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Community Psychiatry↗