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Biomedical subjects

M F Reiser

Publications and source records attributed to M F Reiser.

192 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
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Internal fistulas in Crohn disease: magnetic resonance enteroclysis.

Internal fistulas (IFs) and abscesses are the most common complications of Crohn disease (CD). To reliably diagnose and clearly distinguish inflammatory or fibrostenotic manifestations of CD from its complications is of paramount importance to appropriately guide therapeutic decisions. Magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE), a recently introduced technique for small bowel imaging, has proved a high efficacy in the depiction of luminal and extraluminal manifestations of CD and holds great promise as a powerful diagnostic tool in the comprehensive diagnostic workup of this disease. As of yet, the characteristic imaging appearance of IFs on MRE has not been described in detail. This article reviews the performance of conventional imaging techniques and the current potential of MRE in the depiction of IFs in CD. Typical imaging morphology and characteristic imaging findings of IFs on MRE are described in detail and a newly defined and highly indicative imaging finding, the "star-sign," is presented and discussed.

Contrast Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative MRI in patients undergoing interstitial laser coagulation thermotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted MRI of the effects of laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients (average age 64 years) were examined with MRI 24-48 h before and after LITT of BPH. Sagittal and axial T2-weighted FSE MR images were evaluated for signs of coagulation necrosis in the prostate gland and the presence of intra- and extraprostatic edema. RESULTS: Coagulation areas showed as a hypointense central core with a hyperintense rim. Intraprostatic edema led to a volume increase of 18-108% both in the central and in the total gland. Periprostatic edema was severe in preprostatic and prevesical tissue as well as lateral to the prostate, moderate in the presacral space, and mild perirectally and dorsal to the prostate. Follow-up examinations 2 weeks to 6 months after LITT in five patients showed decrease of coagulation necrosis volume, prostate size, and edema. CONCLUSION: MRI appears to be a reliable method to monitor LITT effects in patients with BPH.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Whole-body bone marrow MRI in patients with metastatic disease to the skeletal system.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a whole-body bone marrow MR protocol in the detection of bone metastases. METHOD: Whole-body bone marrow MRI was performed in 18 patients with known malignant tumors and suspected bone metastases. The imaging protocol consisted of fast T1-weighted and STIR sequences applied in different anatomical positions covering the whole skeleton. MRI findings indicating bone metastases were compared with findings from bone scintigraphy. Metastatic lesions were confirmed by follow-up MR examinations, bone scintigraphy, radiography, or CT. RESULTS: A total number of 216 lesions were detected with MRI in comparison with 159 lesions detected with bone scintigraphy. Follow-up examinations confirmed 105 lesions. MRI detected 96 (91.4%) of the confirmed lesions, whereas bone scintigraphy detected 89 (84.8%). The entire examination, including patient positioning and changing of imaging coils, required 45 min of room time. CONCLUSION: Whole-body bone marrow MRI as used in this study is an effective method for evaluating the entire skeletal system in patients with suspected metastatic disease.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Xenon versus ceramics: a comparison of two CT X-ray detector systems.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to compare image quality in phantom and patient CT scans acquired by xenon and ceramic CT detector systems. METHOD: High and low contrast resolution and image noise were determined with a standard CT phantom for both detector systems. In patient CT images, the effect on image noise was measured in anatomical regions of interest in the head, lumbar spine, chest, and abdomen. RESULTS: In phantom studies, image noise was significantly lower using ceramic versus xenon detectors. Also, in images of the head and lumbar spine, the signal-to-noise ratio was significantly higher with ceramic than with xenon detectors. In chest scans, ceramic significantly reduced beam-hardening artifacts caused by the thoracic spine. However, in abdominal images, the signal-to-noise ratio was not significantly different between ceramic and xenon detector systems. CONCLUSION: For reduced image noise in CT images of the head, lumbar spine, and chest and high resolution CT, ceramic detector systems appear to be superior to xenon detector systems.

Artifacts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Borderline hypertensives volunteering for follow-up and biofeedback. A preliminary study: locus of control characteristics.

We compared the locus of control scores of the following groups: (1) 19 male borderline hypertensives volunteering for biofeedback treatment; (2) 100 consecutive males who were screened for hypertension; (3) 30 male cancer patients receiving radiation therapy, and (4) the normative data from college students. The biofeedback volunteer group was significantly more internal in locus of control as compared to all other groups. The locus of control of the borderline hypertensives within the screened population did not differ from the normotensives, but the screened population as a whole had a relatively internal locus of control. Our findings imply that the 'internals' may be more attracted to self-control treatments like biofeedback, and data generated from this particular population may have limited generalizability, especially in regard to 'externals'.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multislice CT of the heart: clinical applications].

Since the introduction of last generation multislice MSCT systems and the development of simultaneous electrocardiographic-tracing image acquisition and retrospective reconstruction techniques into clinical routine, cardiac MSCT has been considered a very useful non-invasive technique for the study of cardiac pathology in the daily clinical practice. One of the main clinical applications of this diagnostic technique is the evaluation of the coronary arteries including detection and quantification of coronary calcium, multislice CT coronary angiography (anatomy, anatomical variants and anomalies of the origin and course), the angiographic evaluation of the patency of aortocoronary by-pass grafts and coronary stents, and plaque characterization. The new reconstruction and postprocessing programs allow to obtain, in addition, parameters of myocardial morphology and contraction and cardiac function. Other clinical applications include the characterization of cardiac masses and the evaluation of the pericardium.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tibial shaft fractures: assessment of fracture healing with computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the capability of CT in assessing stability of tibial shaft fractures with planimetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with fracture of the tibial shaft were treated by external fixator. All patients underwent CT 1, 6, 12, and 18 weeks postoperatively to assess the fracture healing. The callus formation and compacta were determined with planimetry. Fractometry, a noninvasive method to measure stability, was used as the gold standard to determine the stability of the fracture. RESULTS: The patients were divided into three groups according to different periods of time for removal of external fixation. Twelve patients with stable fractures showed a steady increase of callus, which was 50% higher after 12 weeks. Three patients with delayed fracture healing demonstrated an increase of callus of > 50% after 18 weeks. Three patients with unstable fractures obtained only callus formation of < 20% after 15-18 weeks. The external fixator was removed and endomedullary nails were used for stabilization. CONCLUSION: The CT data allow quantification of callus and compacta formation and are able to determine the stability of tibial shaft fractures.

Adolescent↗