Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M F Oliver

Publications and source records attributed to M F Oliver.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Low plasma vitamins E and C. Increased risk of angina in Scottish men.

Cross-cultural studies suggest that low plasma antioxidant levels contribute to the high incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Scotland. One hundred twenty-five cases of angina without reported history were identified by a postal WHO chest pain questionnaire from a systemic population sample of 6000 Edinburgh men (35-54 years). Classical CHD risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, smoking, and relative weight), plasma vitamins, and a new independent CHD risk factor, adipose tissue linoleate, were measured in angina (n = 125) and healthy controls (n = 430). Cigarette smoking was common in angina (46% vs. 29%, p less than 0.01), and adipose tissue linoleate was lower (8.77 +/- 0.18% vs. 9.81 +/- 0.14% (p less than 0.01). Classical CHD risk factors were not different. Vitamin E/cholesterol molar ratio (micron/mM) was lower in angina than in controls: 1.58 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.66 +/- 0.02 (p less than 0.01). Plasma vitamin C was also lower in angina than in controls: 23.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 30.5 +/- 1.1 microM (p less than 0.001). The relative risk of angina for those in the lowest versus those in the highest quintile of the vitamin E/cholesterol ratio distribution was 2.2:1, irrespective of other risk factors (p less than 0.009). Adipose tissue linoleate removed the association between vitamin E and angina. The relative risk of angina for those in the lowest versus those in the highest quintile of plasma vitamin C was 2.6:1 (p less than 0.01), and the increased risk was also independent of classical risk factors, but closely related to a smoking habit. Low plasma vitamin E or adipose linoleate predisposes to angina, and smoking may increase the risk of angina by lowering plasma vitamin C levels in Scottish men.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Linoleic acid and coronary heart disease.

Low tissue concentrations of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, occur in communities with high rates of coronary disease and in patients with angina and myocardial infarction. This relationship is independent of lipids and blood pressure, but in smokers linoleic acid is particularly low because they eat less linoleic acid-containing foods.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1988

Alcohol consumption and nutrient intake in middle-aged Scottish men.

The relation between alcohol consumption and dietary intake was examined in 164 middle-aged Scottish men taking part in a study of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). A 7-d weighed dietary record was used to assess alcohol and nutrient intake. The mean daily intake of alcohol was 26 g (SD 31 g). Energy derived from alcohol tended to replace energy derived from other nutrients and increasing intake of alcohol was associated with a decrease in the amounts of carbohydrate, total fat, and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the diet. Those with a low alcohol intake (0.1-9 g alcohol/d) had a higher intake of total fiber, cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid and a smaller proportion smoked cigarettes. The differences are small but may contribute to the lower mortality from CHD reported by other studies in those with a low alcohol intake.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking, social class and nutrient intake: relevance to coronary heart disease.

The association of cigarette smoking habits and social class with nutrient intake was investigated in 162 men aged 45-54 using a 7-d weighed dietary record. Cigarette smokers had a significantly lower intake of fibre and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a lower P:S ratio than non-smokers. Fibre intake was lower in men in the manual compared to the non-manual group but smoking was a more powerful influence than social class. The differences in nutrient intake were accompanied by differences in the consumption of polyunsaturated margarines and cereal-containing foods. These results should be considered in the explanation of the increased incidence of coronary heart disease in smokers.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1987

Linoleic and eicosapentaenoic acids in adipose tissue and platelets and risk of coronary heart disease.

The relation between the fatty-acid composition of adipose tissue and platelet membranes and the estimated relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) was examined in a case-control study of new angina pectoris (AP) and first acute myocardial infarction (AMI). There were progressive inverse relations between adipose linoleic acid and platelet-membrane eicosapentaenoic acid and the estimated relative risk of AP. These relations were statistically independent of each other and traditional CHD risk factors. For AMI there was a progressive inverse relation between adipose linoleic acid and the estimated relative risk, but it was confounded by smoking habit. Smokers consume less linoleic acid than non-smokers. Although eicosapentaenoic acid in platelet membranes was lower in AMI patients than in controls, this difference was not significant. The estimated proportionate increase in risk of AP, independent of other CHD risk factors, was 1.2 (1.1-1.3) for a 1% decrease in linoleic acid or a 0.1% decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Adipose tissue fatty acids and blood pressure in middle-aged men from southern Italy.

Adipose tissue (AT) biopsies were performed in a random population sample of 74 clinically healthy middle-aged men (40-49 years) from southern Italy. The percentage of saturated fatty acids (FA) in AT was directly correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (p less than 0.01). This relationship was independent of smoking habit and body weight. AT of men in the upper DBP quintile (range 90-102 mmHg) was significantly richer in palmitic acid (p less than 0.01) compared to that of men in the lowest DBP quintile. Dietary history demonstrated that the overall intake of saturated fat (% energy) was similar in the two extreme DBP quintiles. There was a relatively higher consumption of fish by those in the lowest DBP quintile (p less than 0.05). The amount of monounsaturated fat consumed (% energy) was also higher (p less than 0.05) in men with low blood pressure. Men in the upper quintile of DBP consumed more eggs (p less than 0.05).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Effect of pindolol on neurosympathetic responsiveness, blood flow variability, and conduction in acutely ischaemic myocardium: the importance of heart rate.

The effects of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity (pindolol) were assessed in the open-chest anaesthetised dog during 12-minute periods of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion and reperfusion before and after sympathetic stimulation. Regional myocardial catecholamine efflux, blood flow, and epicardial activation abnormalities were assessed in three groups. In a control group (n = 8), two periods of ischaemia resulted in reproducible intraexperimental changes in catecholamine responses, blood flow, conduction abnormalities, and arrhythmias. Intravenous (i.v.) pindolol (0.45 mg/kg before the second occlusion) reduced nerve-stimulated norepinephrine (NE) overflow from nonischaemic (NI) myocardium but did not modify overflow from ischaemic (I) myocardium either during ischaemia or reperfusion. At constant heart rate (atrial pacing, n = 8), pindolol reduced absolute blood flow to I and NI but had no effect on the ratio of endocardial/epicardial blood flow, arrhythmias, or activation abnormalities during occlusion. Following a reduction in heart rate of 32 +/- 6 beats/min (no pacing, n = 8), pindolol resulted in similar reduction in blood flow to I and NI but also increased the ratio of endocardial/epicardial flow and reduced both spontaneous arrhythmias and activation delay during occlusion. The acute effects of pindolol on conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, and blood flow distribution in I are thus dependent on reduction in heart rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: there is much more to learn.

The evidence for recommending a reduction of one third or more of dietary fat as a very likely means of reducing coronary heart disease in affluent nations is far from complete. That it will do no harm is an unacceptable scientific argument, and it is still up to the proponents of this policy to prove its long-term safety. I am persuaded, because the facts are very much stronger, that such a diet should be recommended for those who have atherogenic lipoproteins in the top quintile of their distribution. But even in such people, too much should not be expected or promised. What we really need to know is how dietary saturated fat leads to the development of coronary heart disease as well as coronary atherosclerosis; why it may do so in some and not in others; and much more about the effects of specific dietary fatty acids on the mechanisms involved.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of antiplatelet agents in the prevention of aorto-coronary bypass occlusion.

The cumulative occlusion rates of aorto-coronary artery venous bypass grafts average from 16 to 26% per distal anastomosis within 12 months and about 2% per following year. The potential benefit of oral anticoagulants and platelet inhibitor drugs has been tested to prevent graft occlusion and to retard the atherosclerotic process. Oral anticoagulants started on the third postoperative day do not significantly reduce graft occlusion after 6 months. Among the platelet inhibitor drugs, dipyridamole started before surgery, followed by dipyridamole and aspirin soon after surgery, was the drug regimen with the best results. More randomised double-blind clinical trials are highly desirable to confirm these findings and to resolve the question of relative efficacy and safety for the various drugs reported to have shown benefit when used in combination.

Administration, Oral↗