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Biomedical subjects

M F Michel

Publications and source records attributed to M F Michel.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Nosocomial klebsiellas. I. Colonization of hospitalized patients.

The colonization of patients by Klebsiella and several other gram-negative bacteria was studied in a hospital urological ward over a period of six months. Before and during the survey there was no evidence of an outbreak of nosocomial infection and multi-drug resistant strains of Klebsiella were not isolated. Klebsiella were biotyped by nine biochemical tests, which led to the detection of 66 biotypes spread uniformly throughout the survey period. This method of biotyping proved a useful epidemiological tool. The colonization rate of throats, hands, and faeces of patients increased after admission to the ward, especially when antibiotics were used. The effect of systemic antibiotics was greater than that of urinary antibiotics especially on throat and faeces carrier rates. Carrier rates for Klebsiella increased also after catheterization and operation--relationships which could well be multifactorial. During the first two weeks after admission the proportion of antibiotic resistant strains of Klebsiella in carriers increased. The proportion of resistant strains amongst isolations from clinical infections was always greater than among strains isolated routinely from sites of carriage.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Nosocomial klebsiellas. II. Transfer in a hospital ward.

During a 6-month period an epidemiological survey of the carriage of Klebsiella was conducted in a hospital ward where no outbreak of nosocomial infection occurred. In this endemic situation the regular sampling of several sites of patients, members of the nursing staff, and the environment, and the biotyping of Klebsiella made it possible to analyse the patterns of transmission between sites. There was abundant evidence for striking transmission of Klebsiella between the throat, hands, and faeces of patients. Transmission between patients seemed to be mainly through hands. The role of nurses' hands in transmission was not evident from this survey, probably due to the relatively long interval (a week) between samplings. Through the hands of patients, wash stands and the surrounding floor were contaminated with Klebsiella. The biotyping of Klebsiella facilitated the epidemiological analysis of the results.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1979

Efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in experimental rat pneumonia: effects of impaired phagocytosis.

The importance of intact host defense mechanisms for successful antimicrobial therapy was investigated in an animal model. Recovery from lobar pneumococcal pneumonia as a result of penicillin therapy was studied in normal rats and in rats treated with cobra venom factor. This factor was used to selectively suppress the phagocytosis of pneumococci as a result of complement depletion. Although complete recovery from the infection occurred in normal rats after appropriate penicillin therapy, this was not the case in cobra venom factor-treated rats. Within the limitations of this study, evidence is presented for loss of antibiotic activity as a consequence of impaired phagocytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in experimental rat pneumonia: antibiotic treatment schedules in rats with impaired phagocytosis.

Pneumococcal pneumonia in rats with intact host defense mechanisms could be successfully cured by penicillin. The efficacy of this antibiotic therapy was lost in cobra venom factor-treated rats which had selectively impaired phagocytic functions. In these animals the effect of penicillin therapy was improved by increasing the daily dose and the frequency of injections and by earlier initiation of the therapy. The efficacy of penicillin in the cobra venom facttor-treated rats was restored either by markedly increasing the daily dose of penicillin or by increasing the daily dose in combination with a reduced interval of the penicillin injections.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Rising incidence of chancroid in Rotterdam. Epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects.

The incidence of chancroid in Rotterdam has increased by more than five-fold during 1977-78. In a retrospective study of 53 patients with chancroid seen at this clinic during this period, the results of smears were positive in 82% and of cultures in 84% (of those for whom cultures had been performed). Symptoms were generally mild. Treatment with co-trimoxazole was highly effective clinically, as confirmed by in-vitro sensitivity studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sensitivity of gonococcus strains isolated in Rotterdam to epicillin, ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline.

Quantitative determinations of the sensitivity to epicillin, ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline were carried out for 67 gonococcus strains isolated from 67 males with urogenital gonorrhoea, and 38 strains isolated from 38 females with urogenital/rectal gonorrhoea. The results of the sensitivity determinations for ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline were compared with the findings of a previous investigation. It was found that the gonococcus strains isolated from males had become slightly less sensitive to penicillin between 1971-1972 and 1976. The penicillin and tetracycline had not changed during this period. It was also striking that the in vitro activity of epicillin for strains isolated both from males and females was significantly greater than that of ampicillin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of urogenital/rectal gonorrhoea in males and females with epicillin in combination with probenecid.

This paper describes the results of treatment of 124 patients (78 male and 46 female) with urogenital/rectal gonorrhoea with epicillin (3.5 g orally) in combination with 1 g of probenecid (instant therapy). High cure rates were found for both the male (98.6%) and female patients (100%). Serious drawbacks of this treatment are a high frequency of postgonococcal urethritis (45.6%) and a short-lived increase in the frequency and looseness of faecal discharge in a considerable amount of patients (6.8% in the male and 22.7% in the female patients).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Immunoprophylaxis and therapy of grafted rat colonic carcinoma.

Two independent lines of chemically-induced colonic carcinoma, serially graftable in syngeneic rats, have been used to investigate the effects of immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy. Rats were immunised by various procedures, including BCG, irradiated tumour grafts, and cancer cells treated by mitomycin and neuraminidase. A partial inhibition of tumour growth was observed in one of the four protocols. On the other hand, a significant enhancement of tumour growth was obtained in two other experiments.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Rotterdam.

This appears to be the first report of the isolation of a penicillinase-producing strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Netherlands. The presence of a penicillinase-producing gonococcal strain (PPGS) was demonstrated in two of a group of three patients with gonorrhoea. In addition, a penicillin- and ampicillin-sensitive gonococcus strain was isolated from all three patients. The PPGS was most probably imported into Holland from the Philippines. The epidemiological and clinical findings and the results of treatment of infection with this PPGS are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of oral and rectal BCG administration on chemically-induced rat intestinal carcinoma.

Intestinal carcinomas were induced by repeated subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in syngereic BD-IX strain rats for 12 weeks. At the end of the treatment, one group received 2 doses of 50 mg BCG by a gastric tube, then a dose of 50 mg BCG by rectal instillation. The other group received no BCG. There was no significant difference in survival time, total number of cancers per rat, or cancer localization between the treated or untreated groups. Disseminated peritoneal metastases were more frequently found in BCG-treated animals. These results do not support the use of orally administered BCG in the treatment of human colorectal cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Potentiation of sulphamethoxazole by trimethoprim in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains.

Quantiative determinations of the sensitivity of 322 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to sulphamethoxazole (Su), trimethoprim (Tr) and a combination of Su and Tr in a ratio of 5:1 are described. Data are also given on the potentiation of Su by tr. It was striking that the Su-sensitive N. gonorrheoeae strains showed no potentiation of Su by Tr when a Su/Tr ratio of 5:1 is used. The sensitivity to combinations of Su and Tr in various ratios was determined for seven N. gonorrhoeae strains with known senstivity to Su and Tr. On the basis of these data, the rules according to which Su is potentiated by Tr. could be formulated.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗