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Biomedical subjects

M F Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to M F Goldberg.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Familial iris melanosis--a misnomer?

Iris melanosis is an unusual condition characterised by the presence of minute, discrete, pigmented elevations arising from the anterior surface of the iris. We encountered two unrelated Mexican families in which all children, but no parent, had varying degrees of the condition bilaterally. Some family members also gave findings suggestive of ocular hypertension. No family member had any other ocular or cutaneous pigmentary changes with the exception of a hairy naevus on the thigh of one member. To our knowledge these are the first families reported with more than one member having isolated iris melanosis. This is also the first report of a possible relationship with ocular hypertension. Finally we suggest that the term 'melanosis' may be a misnomer, since the condition is characterised not by abnormal iris hyperpigmentation but by discrete, round elevations on the anterior iris surface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Hyperbaric and transcorneal delivery of oxygen to the rabbit and monkey anterior segment.

When delivered to the corneal surface of rabbits for 30 minutes, 100% oxygen can significantly increase the mean (+/- SD) partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the aqueous humor (from 63.5 +/- 12.3 mm Hg [n = 12] to 139.5 +/- 32.4 mm Hg [n = 8]). Similar elevations were seen in monkeys. Under hyperbaric conditions (2 atm) for 30 minutes the aqueous PO2 in rabbits breathing room air can be increased to 295.2 +/- 132.4 mm Hg (n = 7) by exposing the rabbit cornea to 100% oxygen for 30 minutes. The high PO2 under these hyperbaric conditions is mediated by both vascular and transcorneal delivery of oxygen. The increase of PO2 in the rabbit aqueous can prevent or reverse sickling of intracameral human erythrocytes containing sickle hemoglobin. The exposure of rabbit eyes to 100% oxygen at the corneal surface is followed by autoregulation (constriction) of the iris vasculature. Transcorneal or vascular delivery of oxygen to the eye under normobaric or hyperbaric conditions may possibly benefit patients with hypoxic diseases of the anterior segment such as anterior segment necrosis, rubeosis iridis, or sickle cell hyphema.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinical manifestations of ectopia lentis et pupillae in 16 patients.

The largest known series of patients with ectopia lentis et pupillae (ELeP) was clinically evaluated. Sixteen patients from eight families were characterized with respect to ocular anomalies. Variability between eyes of the same patient and among different patients was marked. In addition to the well-known but inconstant displacement of the lens and pupil, other characteristics of this protean syndrome included severe axial myopia (and associated fundus abnormalities), poor vision, retinal detachment (RD), enlarged corneal diameters, cataract, abnormal iris transillumination, poor pupillary dilatation, persistent pupillary membranes, iridohyaloid adhesions, and prominent iris processes in the anterior chamber angle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Nanophthalmic sclera. Fibronectin studies.

The authors performed fibronectin studies on scleral specimens derived from a patient with nanophthalmos. Immunohistochemical staining with antifibronectin was conducted using both formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections and unfixed tissue-cultured scleral cells. In each case, the nanophthalmic samples exhibited fibronectin staining stronger than that obtained from normal human subjects. Results from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the histologic findings that, in tissue culture, the patient's scleral cells contained and secreted a higher amount of fibronectin than did the normal control cells. The elevated fibronectin level may be related to the development of nanophthalmos.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of choroidal neovascular membranes by Octopus perimetry.

A Sargon user-defined Octopus program was devised to quantitate central visual field changes following laser photocoagulation for choroidal neovascular membranes. The program was found to be reliable in testing the nine patients studied. All patients had areas of improved and areas of reduced sensitivity. The areas of reduced sensitivity were larger than the areas of improved sensitivity (P less than 0.05), with a net negative change in sensitivity found in all cases. However, the improved areas tended to be closer to fixation than the worsened areas. Quantitative static perimetry can be applied to the study of choroidal neovascular membranes. It is an important visual parameter that should be evaluated in future studies of these membranes, especially with regard to wavelength efficacy in photocoagulation therapy.

Choroid↗
PubMed1988

Clinical manifestations of ectopia lentis et pupillae in 16 patients.

The largest known series of patients with ELeP was clinically evaluated. Sixteen patients from eight families were characterized with respect to ocular anomalies. Variability between eyes of the same patient and among different patients was marked. In addition to the well-known but inconstant displacement of the lens and pupil, other characteristics of this protean syndrome included severe axial myopia (and associated fundus abnormalities), poor vision, retinal detachment, enlarged corneal diameters, cataract, abnormal iris transillumination, poor pupillary dilatation, persistent pupillary membranes, iridohyaloid adhesions, and prominent iris processes in the anterior chamber angle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A simplified scleral graft technique for covering an exposed orbital implant.

A simplified method of covering an exposed orbital implant is presented. Donor sclera is placed between Tenon's capsule and the spherical implant without dissecting any tissue planes between the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule. Technical manipulations and bleeding are thereby minimized. Preplaced absorbable sutures in the periphery of the graft are externalized and tied to the anterior surface of the conjunctiva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Neodymium-YAG laser vitreolysis in sickle cell retinopathy.

Six patients with proliferative sickle cell retinopathy and vitreous bands were treated with the neodymium-YAG (Nd-YAG) laser to accomplish lysis of avascular traction bands or to clear the media in front of the macula. Transection of bands was possible in five of the six cases but in two of these the effect was only partial. Three cases were satisfactorily treated with the Nd-YAG laser application alone, two eventually required conventional vitreoretinal surgery, and one patient's condition stabilized despite failure of the treatment. Complications from the treatment occurred in three cases and included subretinal (choroidal) hemorrhage, preretinal hemorrhage, microperforation of a retinal vein, and focal areas of damage to the retinal pigment epithelium. Neodymium-YAG vitreolysis may be a useful modality in carefully selected patients with proliferative sickle cell retinopathy, but potentially sight-threatening complications may occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clear lens extraction for axial myopia. An appraisal.

Optional surgery requires a higher degree of safety than that performed for medical necessity. This ethical principle is particularly applicable to axial myopes, who have higher-than-normal rates of operative and postoperative complications if they undergo lens extraction. Moreover, several noninvasive, extraocular, and reversible techniques now exist for the correction of myopia. Currently, it would appear that the possible optical benefits of clear lens extraction in axial myopia are usually outweighed by the severity of the risks and by the availability of safer alternatives.

Cataract↗
PubMed1987

Knowledge of diabetic retinopathy before and 18 years after the Airlie House Symposium on Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy.

In 1968, The Airlie House Symposium evaluated the current knowledge of the natural history of diabetic retinopathy. The effects of tight metabolic control, pituitary ablation, and photocoagulation were discussed at length. Xenon arc photocoagulation was the mainstay of therapy and was usually applied focally to individual patches of new vessels. Photocoagulation of background retinopathy was rarely done. Panretinal photocoagulation was in its infancy, the ruby laser was newly introduced, there were no data on the use of the argon laser, and automated vitrectomy had not been introduced. Participants in the symposium set the stage for the acquisition of valid clinical data from which important therapeutic conclusions have subsequently been drawn by (1) summarizing the areas of consensus and disagreement, (2) devising a standard classification of diabetic retinopathy, and (3) proposing controlled clinical trials for unanswered questions.

Blindness↗
PubMed1987

Quantification of macular ischaemia in sickle cell retinopathy.

Macular ischaemia has a central role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of retinal macular disease. We attempted to quantitate two of its major components as follows: vascular nonperfusion, by measuring the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), using fluorescein angiography; and functional damage, using automated perimetry of the central 30 degrees. Sickle cell disease was chosen for study because it was considered a prototype for a purely ischaemic retinopathy without an exudative component. We found that the FAZ measurement was reproducible and that the patients with maculopathy had statistically larger FAZs than the normal controls (p = 0.016, Wilcoxon rank sum test). In addition, scotomas measured by visual field perimetry were significantly larger in the sickle cell patients with maculopathy than in those without maculopathy. Our results showed that angiography and perimetry of the central 30 degrees were more sensitive tests for the detection of ischaemic macular disease than visual acuity and that macular ischaemia could be quantified by their use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Histopathological characteristics of neodymium-YAG laser iridotomy in the human eye.

Light and electron microscopic studies of YAG laser iridotomies were performed in two human iridectomy specimens. Full-thickness defects were created and showed stromal and vascular necrosis. The light and electron microscopic configuration of the lesions was compatible with mechanical disruption from shockwaves. Thermal changes were absent in contrast to iridotomies created by argon laser photocoagulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Retinoblastoma and simulating lesions: role of CT and MR imaging.

Diagnosis of retinoblastoma is one of the most challenging problems of pediatric ophthalmology and radiology. It must be differentiated from numerous simulating lesions. Accurate diagnosis by means of ultrasonography, CT, and MR is essential for prompt treatment and prevention of metastasis. The CT and MR findings in 45 patients are presented in this article in order to evaluate and compare the usefulness of these two imaging techniques in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma.

Calcinosis↗