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Biomedical subjects

M F Bosworth

Publications and source records attributed to M F Bosworth.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A 'stages of change' approach to helping patients change behavior.

Helping patients change behavior is an important role for family physicians. Change interventions are especially useful in addressing lifestyle modification for disease prevention, long-term disease management and addictions. The concepts of "patient noncompliance" and motivation often focus on patient failure. Understanding patient readiness to make change, appreciating barriers to change and helping patients anticipate relapse can improve patient satisfaction and lower physician frustration during the change process. In this article, we review the Transtheoretical Model of Change, also known as the Stages of Change model, and discuss its application to the family practice setting. The Readiness to Change Ruler and the Agenda-Setting Chart are two simple tools that can be used in the office to promote discussion.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2000

Explanatory style and the performance of residents.

PURPOSE: Explanatory (i.e. attributional) style has been shown to be related to performance, especially when attributions are pessimistic. This study tested whether this relationship was present for residents. METHOD: The Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory were completed by 45 residents. Clinical rotation evaluations and in-training examination scores were used as performance measures. RESULTS: Explanatory style and emotional distress were not related to performance, although explanatory style was correlated with emotional distress. Overall, residents displayed an optimistic explanatory style. CONCLUSION: The absence of a relationship between explanatory style and performance may be due to the tendency for this resident sample to be optimistic. Also, common indicators of residency performance may not accurately measure clinical and academic performance.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Contrast sensitivity vision testing: new screening technology for family physicians.

Contrast sensitivity vision testing is the new technology in visual screening. Easy to administer and quick to perform, contrast sensitivity vision testing appears to be cost-effective for use by family physicians. It is a more sensitive indicator of ocular disease than traditional Snellen acuity testing and may detect ocular pathology at an early stage when Snellen acuity is still normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anorexia and weight loss in the elderly. Causes range from loose dentures to debilitating illness.

Differentiating between anorexia (loss of appetite) and weight loss (documented loss of pounds) can be difficult, but the same causes and treatments apply to both. Gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders, cardiopulmonary disease, the presence of a neoplasm or infection, and use of certain drugs are possible medical causes. Inadequate nutritional intake can result from the inability to obtain and prepare foods, dietary restrictions, intolerance to certain foods, and poor oral and dental health. Social factors that can greatly reduce an elderly person's interest in food include loneliness, depression, isolation, and self-consciousness because of hearing and visual impairments. Some problems, such as alcohol abuse or inappropriate use of certain medications, may be revealed only with difficulty, and some of the problems mentioned may overlap. Although the physician may find assessment of anorexia or weight loss in the elderly a challenge, it usually responds well to corrective measures.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Alcohol abuse in the elderly.

Alcoholism is often difficult to recognize in the elderly. Information about alcoholic behavior cannot always be accurately extrapolated to older drinkers. Consequences of alcohol abuse and responses to treatment may be quite different in young and elderly alcoholics. Treatment must focus on such day-to-day problems as loneliness, loss of independence and declining health. Gentle persistence is required in guiding the patient to an awareness of the problem.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uterine inversion: a life-threatening obstetric emergency.

BACKGROUND: Acute puerperal uterine inversion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in which the uterine fundus collapses within the endometrial cavity. Although the cause of uterine inversion is unclear, several predisposing factors have been described. Maternal mortality is extremely high unless the condition is recognized and corrected. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched from 1966 to the present using the key phrase "uterine inversion." Nonpuerperal uterine inversion case reports were excluded from review except when providing information on classification and diagnostic techniques. A summarized case involving uterine inversion and a review of the classification, etiology, diagnosis, and management are reported. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Although uncommon, if left unrecognized, uterine inversion will result in severe hemorrhage and shock, leading to maternal death. Manual manipulation should be attempted immediately to reverse the inversion. Tocolytics, such as magnesium sulfate and terbutaline, or halogenated anesthetics may be administered to relax the uterus to aid in reversal. Intravenous nitroglycerin provides an alternative to the tocolytics and offers several pharmacodynamic advantages. Treatment with hydrostatic pressure may be attempted while waiting for medications to be administered or for general anesthesia to be induced. In the most resistant of inversions, surgical correction might be required.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of resident perceptions of effective teaching behaviors.

Family practice has shown increasing interest in clarifying what constitutes effective teaching skills. This investigation enlists the support of family practice residents to further clarify which teaching behaviors and skills most significantly contribute to their medical education. Family practice residents in all 24 programs in Ohio were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the effectiveness of 38 separate clinical teaching behaviors. A rank order listing of these behaviors is presented to aid in organized faculty development programs, as well as to provide guidelines individual faculty can follow to improve family practice resident education. Factor analysis of the residents' responses indicate that clinical competence, providing constructive feedback to residents, and demonstrating a positive attitude toward teaching residents are perceived as necessary attributes of the most effective clinical teachers.

Attitude↗