Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M F Blech

Publications and source records attributed to M F Blech.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Do water mycobacteria present any infectious risk in immunocompromised patients?].

Atypical Mycobacteria were demonstrated in tap water. Mycobacteria are generally more resistant to chemical disinfection than other bacteria and grow and survive in water. In an effort to clarify the role of water in the transmission of Mycobacteria, water from various sites in the hospital was analysed. Atypical Mycobacteria were isolated from 58 of 60 samples of cold water distributor. Species more frequent are M.Kansasii, M.Gordonae, M.Fortuitum. 3 of 10 samples of hot water were positives M.Xenopi was isolated once. 1 of 10 samples of mineral waters was contaminated with M.Gordonae. The atypical Mycobacteria in normal patient are relatively less virulent, in a host with an impaired cellular immunity they caused active diseases. The number of published cases is low. The incidence in transplant patients ranges from 0.5 to 1%. Infections with atypical Mycobacteria differ in several clinical features. Person to person does not occur. Water is a source of infection induce direct inoculation inhalation and ingestion.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Preparation of a polymer named Porimid, and its sterilization].

From a concrete example, the authors remind the interest to envisage the possibilities of sterilization as early as the initial period of a research about biomaterials. Indeed certain kinds of sterilization may be too much aggressive for biomaterials, especially the polymers, whom the structure is so impaired. These biomaterials may become ineffective even dangerous and blight a long time of research. The authors also expose the necessity to respect the good manufacturing practices of laboratory and the rules of hospital hygienics which is indispensable for all the members of the teams which participate to biomedical or clinical researches. A condition for the respect of these rules is the utilization of a common and well understood language between the medical and no medical teams.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1992

[Risk of infection related to the use of cryopreserved bone grafts from domestic banks].

The authors report their experience of a home bone bank of cryopreserved femoral heads on a period of 3 years. They remind the rules to observe for the harvesting, the storage and the utilization of these allografts, and also the indispensable biological tests (at the moment when the article was written). About their series, the authors remind the risks of infection in relation with the utilization of femoral head from bone bank, which justify a great rigour in the organization and the managing of these home bone bank.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1992

[Urinary tract infections during the 1st month after kidney transplantation].

The incidence and the predisposal factors of urinary tract infections (UTI) in the first month post-transplant were studied in 255 kidney transplantations (252 patients). UTI episodes were demonstrated in 73.7% of the grafts. The most common organisms were: Escherichia coli (35.8%), Staphylococcus (33.6%), Streptococcus D (11.2%), Klebsiella (5.3%). The infectious episodes were recurrent in 39% of the cases. The majority of the UTIs were asymptomatic but 7% of the infections led to septicaemia. Etiology of end-stage renal disease, pre-graft binephrectomy, asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux into the patient's own kidneys, type of immunosuppressive treatment, acute tubular necrosis, rejection episodes, urological complications, coexistent other infections were not predisposal factors. Bacteriuria was more frequent in female than in male patients. The incidence of UTI was found to be statistically increased with history of UTI preoperatively (p = 0.039) and the use of ureteral catheter (p = 0.018). Occurrence of UTI was less common when the donor was treated by antibiotics before brain death (p-0.025). These results provide additional support for regular monitoring of urine cultures in the first month post-transplant. They should help to identify means of reduction of this infectious risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Contribution of a 3% solution of boric acid in the treatment of deep wounds with loss of substance].

The correct application of antiseptics to major surgical wounds must comply with appropriate protocols. Compliance with the protocol established by the CHRU of Nancy was evaluated by means of a questionnaire assessing the understanding of the protocol by the nursing staff and by a survey in the wards in which it was applied. The defects observed cannot be explained by a lack of efficacy for superficial wounds and deep wounds, as a randomised study of 42 wounds demonstrated the superiority of the protocol in relation to the use of another product which is widely used in the wards. In contrast, for deep wounds with loss of substance, the proposed protocol does not always achieve therapeutic success. This finding has led the authors to propose the use of a 3% boric acid solution based on a case-control study which demonstrated a significantly superior efficacy. All of the epidemiological and clinical elements are summarised in order to demonstrate the solid basis for compliance with antiseptic protocols of surgical wounds which can only be beneficial in terms of therapeutic success, length of hospital stay and cost savings.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1991

[Preliminary study of the antimicrobial activity of traditional plants against E. coli].

The microbiological quality of drinking water is a major public health priority in developing countries. As an alternative proposal to chemical treatment of water, we have studied the antibacterial effectiveness against E. coli of plants traditionally used for antisepsis. Traditional plants were freshly sampled from Burkina Faso and Vietnam. Two of them, Tamarinier and Derris elliptica respectively, were selected for the study. Various part of the plants, i.e. seeds, cloves and fruits were prepared in both decoction and maceration. Their antibacterial activity was assessed using standardized preparations of E. coli (Pasteur 792) in water (10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) germs/ml). Some preparations of Tamarinier showed encouraging results, whereas Derris elliptica was uneffective. Solutions of Tamarinier seeds produced a 4.5 log decrease of the germ concentration in standardized 10(7) germs/ml preparation. Decoction and maceration are still effective 24 h after a 10(4) bacteria/ml overloading. On the other hand, acid pH of clove and fruit solutions explains the slight effectiveness (1 log UFC/g of dry extract/48 h) of these solutions. Though the results are not meeting with the AFNOR requirements for disinfection, this preliminary study demonstrates a bacteriostatic effect of traditional plants against E. coli in water. Further study is needed to valid this property in the field.

Burkina Faso↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of deep wounds with loss of tissue. Value of a 3 percent boric acid solution].

Following the finding of dramatic improvement in a deep wound with loss of substance treated with a 3 percent boric acid solution, 31 patients hospitalized in a surgical intensive care unit and holding such a wound initially unimproved by classical treatments were subjected, in 1987-88, to a short-time use of this solution. A case-control study retrospectively performed with 12 of the patients demonstrated that after wound granulation was obtained they returned to a normal care unit about three times more rapidly than patients receiving conventional antiseptics (means: 20 and 55 days respectively). This reduction in intensive care duration of stay for these 12 patients saved approximately 2 millions francs. Thus, the 3 percent boric acid solution may be considered an efficient alternative in the treatment of deep wounds with loss of substance, but it is delicate to handle because of toxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical and bacteriologic course of wounds as a function of various protocols of local antisepsis].

Antiseptics are drugs, and they must be prescribed by physicians. A correct use allows a favourable evolution of the wounds, and could avoid some amputations. The authors have realized a randomized study, to compare the reliability of a sequence using Eosine and an antiseptic (Chlorhexidine or polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) iodine) to a more usual sequence using chlorhexidine of PVP iodine alone according with the initial pH of the wound. After fifteen days, if no clinical and bacteriological improvement occurred, the Dakin solution was used. The clinical and bacteriological survey has showed that the sequence with Eosine produced significantly more failures and that there was no significant difference between Chlorhexidine and PVP iodine. The use of the Dakin solution 15 days after inefficacy of the antisepsis previously used allowed a cicatrisation of the wound in about six days. There was no demonstrable resistance of microorganisms to the previously used antiseptics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Fibroscopy].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1986

Multiplication of bacterial pathogens in intravenous fluids.

The growth of 10 bacterial species in 10% dextran solution, 0.9% saline solution, Rheomacrodex solution, Totamine solution and extracorporeal circulation fluid was quantified at room temperature. Depending on the bacterial species, doubling time ranged from 2 to 18 h. These differences can be explained by microbial metabolism, and the pH and osmotic pressure of the solutions tested. These results emphasize once more the necessity for aseptic preparation and careful storage of intravenous fluids.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1985

Activity of non antiseptic soaps and ethanol for hand disinfection.

This study was done to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of the successive use of non-antiseptic soaps with different pH and ethanol at different dilutions during in-use tests on the natural cutaneous flora for both surgical and hospital hand-washing. The successive combinations of detergents and alcohol were less effective than the use of alcohol alone. The influence of humidity and pH could be taken into consideration. The antibacterial effect of ethanol after hand-washing is relatively slow. Taking into account this delayed effect, the antibacterial action of soap + ethanol is of the same order as that obtained with antiseptic preparations which have more efficient immediate results. The existence of large individual variations during repeated assays suggests an important role of local phenomena in the cutaneous coat. Thus for surgical purposes (= with glove-wearing), the use of ethanol after hand-washing with an acidic soap could be taken into consideration, but for hygienic purposes (= immediate effect, without glove-wearing) the application of ethanol after hand-washing with non antiseptic soap is not advantageous from a bacteriological quantitative point of view.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1979

[Serratia, cause of nosocomial infections and its occurrence in the patient's environment (author's transl)].

The Serratia infections are increasing in hospitalized patients, especially in those with reduced defences. This paper deals with a review of the recent literature on the microbiological characterization of the different Serratia species, the clinical syndrome associated with Serratia infections and the mode of transmission of this opportunistic pathogen. This author's experience in the occurrenceof Serratia in the hospital environment and their sensitivity to antibiotics and disinfectants is presented. The prevention of this infection stemps from these epidemiological data and, above all, consists in application of adequate hospital hygiene measures.

Air Microbiology↗