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Biomedical subjects

M Escande

Publications and source records attributed to M Escande.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Depression and anxiety: mianserin and nomifensine compared in a double-blind multicentre trial.

Mianserin and nomifensine were compared in 61 depressive patients in a randomized double-blind multicentre study. During the first week the antidepressant dosages were low, mianserin 30 mg and nomifensine 50 mg. After the first week dosages were doubled to 60 mg and 100 mg respectively. At baseline there were no significant differences between treatment groups for sex, age, class of depression, previous treatment, somatic symptoms, previous vital events, global clinical appreciation, global sleep appreciation, and depression assessed on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) or the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Assessments were made at 7, 14 and 28 days. There were no significant differences between treatment groups for HDRS, MADRS or HARS, either globally or when divided into endogenous and reactive subgroups. Compared with nomifensine there were significantly greater scores with mianserin for global clinical appreciation and global sleep appreciation. There were more withdrawals and dosage changes with nomifensine than with mianserin. Regarding concomitant treatment, significantly less anxiolytics were prescribed to the mianserin group. This study confirms that mianserin is an effective and sedative antidepressant whereas nomifensine is an effective and stimulating antidepressant.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1984

[Initial results of a pharmacokinetic study of pipothiazine and its palmitic ester (Piportil L4) in a schizophrenic population].

Plasma kinetics of pipotiazine have been studied in ten schizophrenic patients after oral administration of single dose of pipotiazine at 7 a.m. (30 mg, drops). Peak plasma concentrations are reached one hour after administration (41.8 +/- 19,9 ng/ml) and then rapidly decline until 24 h (2.2 +/- 1.2 ng/ml). During the following days plasma concentrations remain stable at the same sampling times. After 3 days wash-out and first intramuscular injection of pipotiazine palmitate (100 mg) main pharmacokinetic data are found: plasma concentrations of pipotiazine are not detectable during at less 3 days after injection, maximal drug level is attained during second week after i.m. (1.7 +/- 0.9 ng/ml). A period of decline is then recorded. Furthermore the mean ratio between pipotiazine plasma concentration after oral and i.m. administration is about 20. When pipotiazine palmitate is given every fourth week, steady state seems to be reached as early as the second month.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of anxiety with prazepam, 40 mg. A controlled study versus lorazepam].

Anxiolytic effects and tolerance of a four weeks treatment with prazepam (single dose of 40 mg in the evening) and with lorazepam (3 daily doses of 1.25 mg) are compared in a double blind study. Patients were treated by psychiatrists and were suffering from neurotic anxiety. Evaluation for therapeutic efficacy used a clinical global improvement scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Evaluation for side effects used the side effects symptoms check list. Anxiolytic effects of prazepam and lorazepam are not significantly different. Tolerance of the two treatments is comparable. The side effects are essentially an undesirable sedative action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Use of benzodiazepines in the treatment of depression].

The double-blind controlled trials between benzodiazepines and antidepressants show that benzodiazepines have not specific antidepressive action in depression. The benzodiazepines exert limited effect on the anxiety of endogenous and melancholia. They have definitive properties in neurotic depressions and mixed anxious-depressive states. In theses states, they may extenuate inhibition and elevate mood. Benzodiazepines are primarily anxiolytic rather than antidepressant -- But in some cases, anxiety and depression are not easily distinguished.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical trial of loxapine succinate in the treatment of 30 cases of psychotic states].

An open clinical study of loxapine succinate was developed on 30 hospitalized psychiatric patients in order to confirm its antipsychotic properties and its originality opposite the other major neuroleptics. Dosages ranged from 100 to 200 mg per day in 12 cases (40%), and more than 200 mg in serious psychosis or unamenable to therapeutic for which inferior dosages were inefficacious (11 cases). 56,7% of favourable results have been obtained, with a fair improvement of whole symptoms, paranoïd schizophrenic attack and acute delusions. Tolerance was remarkable: no neuro-vegetative manifestation was reported. The considerable sedative effect of loxapine had involved moderate and no invalidating drowsiness in 23% of cases. The extra-pyramidal occurring symptoms disappeared within 2 or 3 days. So loxapine succinate in proving to be a major first intention neuroleptic, suiting a considerable antipsychotic efficacy to a good tolerance, allowing new perspectives in the therapeutic and the approach of psychotic patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of clonidine on opiate withdrawal symptoms. Results - biochemical mechanisms (author's transl)].

Clonidine was administered to nineteen patients in an inpatient setting after abrupt discontinuation of chronic opiate addiction (morphine, héroin, dextromoramide). Clonidine produces a decrease sometimes very rapid in opiate withdrawal signs but does not suppress the whole affects associated with. These data support the hypothesis that clonidine has antiwithdrawal effect by replacing opiate-mediated inhibition with alpha 2 mediated inhibition of brain noradrenergic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Extensive multicentric study of 1354 cases of depressed subjects treated with amineptin].

Psychiatrists and general practitioners are already well acquainted with amineptine. It nevertheless appeared interesting to expand previous clinical trials concerning use in hospitalized patients and outpatients. The results of this extensive study involving 1354 cases coming from 13 french regions confirm and specify the therapeutic indications in the various types of depression as well as its status within the antidepressant group. The low occurrence of side effects and the remarkable acceptability were also confirmed by this larger-scale study performed by 162 experimenters, all of whom were psychiatrists. The two most remarkable points arising from this study were the homogeneity of results for each region, as well as their consistency with previous findings during the clinical trial phase. Overall results in depressive disorders were: 76% positive (of which 52% very good and good results), particularly concerning melancholia (201 cases) and neurotic or reactive depressions (815 cases). Extensive evaluation of results indicated that amineptine was a fast acting desinhibiting antidepressant.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1981

[Interest of a new method of graphic analysis for the study of the organization of stage II sleep in man (author's transl)].

The organization of stage II and its modifications according to its occurrence in the cycle are studied using an analogical method of graphic analysis. The latter offers a continuous display on a limited record length, of the EEG amplitude in the sigma, alpha, theta and delta bands, of the muscle tone and of eye movement. Thus, it is noted that stage II, preceding paradoxical sleep at the end of the cycle, differs from stage II at the beginning of the cycle by 3 essential elements: the different evolution of delta activity during this stage and its irregular or alternating characteristics at the end of the cycle; the existence of a high muscle tone and an abundant phasic muscle activity during stage II at the end of the cycle; the different relation of these two types of stage II with the depth of the cycle. These observations, compiled from 100 records in healthy, non-insomniac subjects, are compared to those from studies on the heterogeneity of stage II and from those which provide evidence for the existence of phasic phenomena during slow sleep prior to the paradoxical stage in man as well as in the animal.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1977

[Thrombocytosis and cancer. Apropos of a chronological series of 100 patients].

The authors report a personal chronological series of 100 cancer patients submitted to an analytical study, and noted thrombocytosis in 18% of cases. They attempt to draw up a correlation between the presence of increased platelets, and the site of the primary tumour, its spread, the state of anemia or iron deficiency in these patients. During a general review of the literature, they compare their results with those of various american and german series and report the various pathogenic hypotheses suggested upto date. They emphasise the fact that routine platelet counts may be of great interest in the detection of certain early carcinomas in spite of the generally moderate levels of thrombocytosis observed. They therefore have a place in routine health checks.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1977

[Beta blockaders and general pathology].

The authors review the literature on the undesirable side effects of beta blockaders (excluding the cardiovascular system) and report the new therapeutic propects in psychiatry and in various metabolic disorders. The necessity of sufficient follow up made us choose propanolol as reference product without neglecting acebutolol, pindolol and oxprenolol.

Acebutolol↗