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Biomedical subjects

M Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to M Eriksson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Malignant lymphoproliferative diseases in occupations with potential exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or dioxins: a register-based study.

The Swedish Cancer Environment Register (CER) is a linkage of census data (e.g., on occupations) with the Swedish Cancer Register. It has been used in different studies to generate hypotheses on occupational risk factors for malignant tumors. In this study the risk for malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma in occupations with potential exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or other related substances were investigated. An increased standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.3 for multiple myeloma was verified in farmers (no. of cases = 335). This finding applied to both sexes, and the SIR increased over successive time periods. Regarding malignant lymphoma an increased SIR of 1.2 was found in farmers (no. = 227) for the latest time period studied (i.e. 1979-1984). When non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was studied separately, an increased risk (SIR = 1.2) was found only in carpenters (no. = 149), whereas for Hodgkin's disease, sawmill workers (no. = 10) had an increased SIR of 2.1. Physicians also had an elevated risk for malignant lymphoma. A major shortcoming in register studies such as CER is that no individual exposure data on different agents are available. Lack of an association between an occupation and a specific malignant disease, therefore, may not be taken as evidence that persons within that occupation are not at increased risk for that disease.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Familial occurrence of hematologic malignancies and other diseases in multiple myeloma: a case-control study.

In a population-based case-control study in Sweden on multiple myeloma, the occurrence of different diseases in relatives, particularly hematologic malignancies and different types of cancer, was investigated. Through a questionnaire mailed to all living subjects, i.e. cases and controls, and to the next-of-kin for deceased subjects, information was obtained on malignant and certain other diseases among relatives. All malignant diseases reported among first-degree relatives were verified, if possible, through parochial authorities and the Swedish Cancer Register. In total, data from 239 cases with myeloma and 220 controls were analyzed. An increased risk was found for persons with first-degree relatives with hematologic malignancies (relative risk [RR] = 2.36, 90 percent confidence interval [CI ) = 0.90-6.15), and also with multiple myeloma specifically (RR = 5.64, CI = 1.16-27.51). An increased risk also was seen if the close relatives had experienced another tumor disease (RR = 1.21, CI = 0.86-1.71). Particularly, occurrence of prostatic cancer (RR = 3.11, CI = 1.25-7.71) or brain tumor (RR = 6.61, CI = 1.42-30.67) in relatives increased the risk for multiple myeloma.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Hepatic cholesterol metabolism in estrogen-treated men.

Operative liver biopsies were obtained from two male patients who developed gallstone disease during estrogen treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. The heparin-sensitive binding of 125I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to liver homogenates (reflecting the expression of the LDL receptor) was determined, together with the activities of the rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol synthesis [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase], bile acid production (cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase), and cholesterol esterification (acyl CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase). The results were related to data available in 18 patients (5 male, 13 female) who underwent cholecystectomy because of gallstone disease. The hepatic 125I-LDL-binding activity was increased threefold compared with five controls, and the activity of HMG-CoA reductase was increased twofold. There was no major difference in the activities of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase or acyl CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase. The concentration of free and total cholesterol in liver microsomes was approximately 30% lower in the estrogen-treated men than in 11 controls. The results indicate that estrogen at pharmacological doses stimulates hepatic LDL-receptor expression and HMG-CoA reductase activity in men. The increased LDL-receptor expression could in part explain the enhanced plasma clearance of injected 125I-LDL and hence the reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol previously shown to occur in estrogen-treated men.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Intravenous clodronate for the treatment of hypercalcaemia in breast cancer patients with bone metastases--a prospective randomised placebo-controlled multicentre study.

In a double blind randomised multicentre study the effect of intravenous clodronate plus hydration was compared with placebo plus hydration in the treatment of hypercalcaemia in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. The patients were treated either with hydration plus clodronate 300 mg/day or hydration plus placebo, up to 7 days or until serum ionised calcium was below 1.4 mmol/l. 25 patients received clodronate and 19 placebo. A significant difference in favour of clodronate was observed in the time to reach normocalcaemia (P = 0.004) and in the number of patients achieving normocalcaemia (P = 0.0003). 17 patients of 21 evaluable patients on clodronate achieved normocalcaemia compared with 4 of 19 patients on placebo. The only adverse event clearly associated with clodronate was symptomatic hypocalcaemia in 1 patient. Thus, clodronate seems to be a safe and highly efficacious drug for the treatment of hypercalcaemia in breast cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Metabolism of plasma low density lipoproteins in familial combined hyperlipidaemia: effect of acipimox therapy.

Ten male patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL) were studied with regard to LDL metabolism and composition. The FCHL patients had higher LDL levels than healthy controls (5.4 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.7 mmol l-1; P < 0.005) and a higher rate of production of the lipoprotein (15.8 +/- 3.1 mg kg-1 d-1 in FCHL vs. 13.1 +/- 1.8 mg kg-1 d-1 in the normals; P < 0.005). The fractional catabolic rate of LDL was low-normal in the FCHL patients, with a high level of interindividual variation. The actual individual LDL cholesterol level within the FCHL patient group appeared to be more closely associated with the LDL apoB FCR value than the rate of production of the particle. Analysis of the LDL particles from FCHL patients revealed a relative enrichment in triglycerides, while the cholesterol content of the lipoprotein was normal. Institution of acipimox therapy in 8 patients reversed the high rate of synthesis of LDL (15.2 +/- 3.5 mg kg-1 d-1) to a more normal level (13.9 +/- 4.0 mg kg-1 d-1; P = 0.08), while the FCR did not change significantly. In conclusion, patients with FCHL show an apparent overproduction of LDL apoB, while the actual degree of LDL elevation appears to be dependent on the clearance capacity of the lipoprotein, measured as LDL apoB FCR. The overproduction defect of LDL apoB can, at least in part, be managed by treatment with the nicotinic acid analogue acipimox.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetics of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children with peritonitis.

Fifteen children (3-12 years) with peritonitis were given imipenem/cilastatin intravenously (15 or 25 mg/kg) every six hours for 3-14 days. One day during treatment days 2-8, multiple blood and urine samples were collected from each individual over a six hour dosing interval. Twelve children completed the study. The urinary recovery of imipenem and cilastatin averaged 50-70% of the administered dose. The plasma t1/2 for imipenem averaged 55 min. while that for cilastatin was even more rapid (approximately 38 min.). Little or no accumulation of either imipenem or cilastatin was observed for this regimen in this age group of paediatric patients. Steady state conditions prevailed within 2 days of initiation of therapy. The pharmacokinetics of imipenem and cilastatin in paediatric patients 3-12 years of age appear similar to those observed for adults.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Plasma levels of oxytocin after food deprivation and hypoglycaemia, and effects of 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr-(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin on blood glucose in rats.

Oxytocin has been shown to influence insulin, glucagon and blood glucose levels in various experimental situations. The present study was performed in order to obtain support for a possible interaction of glucose and oxytocin under physiological conditions. We therefore studied whether or not short-term food deprivation (24 hours) affects basal oxytocin levels in male, female and lactating rats, since this is a situation when glucose is mobilized to prevent hypoglycaemia. Secondly, we studied whether oxytocin levels rise in a situation when blood glucose levels fall, i.e. following i.p. injection of insulin (20 U kg-1). In order to explore the role of oxytocin more directly, we investigated whether i.p. injection of the oxytocin antagonist 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr-(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin affects blood glucose levels. Plasma levels of oxytocin, insulin and glucagon were measured with radioimmunoassay in samples obtained after decapitation. We found that oxytocin levels were significantly increased following short-term food deprivation in lactating rats. We also found that insulin-induced hypoglycaemia could elevate plasma levels of oxytocin in female and male rats. In addition, administration of an oxytocin antagonist cause a small, but significant decrease in blood glucose levels after 30 min. These data imply that oxytocin may be one of several factors that take part in the control of blood glucose regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Occupational and other environmental factors and multiple myeloma: a population based case-control study.

Epidemiological studies on the aetiology of multiple myeloma are reviewed as a background to this population based case-control study performed in an area with a high incidence of multiple myeloma. The purpose was to identify and evaluate several suspected environmental factors in relation to this disease. A total of 275 confirmed cases diagnosed in four counties in northern Sweden during four years were compared with the same number of control subjects drawn from population registries. The controls were matched for age, sex, county, and vital status. Occupations and work associated exposures to chemicals and other potential carcinogens were assessed by an extensive questionnaire that also included questions on smoking habits, residential building materials, vicinity to electrical power lines, and leisure time contact with animals, electrical equipment, and chemicals. Information obtained from the questionnaires was completed by telephone interviews when necessary. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed. The study confirmed an association found earlier between farming and multiple myeloma. Some domestic animals (cattle, horses, and goats) and two types of pesticides (phenoxyacetic acids and DDT) were indicated as risk factors within farming. Exposure to electromagnetic fields, asbestos, and organic solvents were negatively associated with myeloma in this study.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Various membrane proteins of Francisella tularensis induce interferon-gamma production in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of primed humans.

Tularaemia is an intracellular infection, which is controlled by the host as a result of an immunospecific T-cell response. A crucial product of the responding T cells is interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which acts by enhancing the microbicidal activity of macrophages. T cells of tularaemia-vaccinated individuals respond in vitro to a multitude of protein antigens of the vaccine strain Francisella tularensis LVS. In the present study, the responses to four of these antigens were shown to be confined mostly to the CD45RO+ memory T-cell subset. To characterize further the phenotype of the responding cells, purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were stimulated with the antigens. CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, proliferated and produced IFN-gamma. However, when CD8+ T cells were isolated from bulk cultures of lymphocytes, which had been stimulated with antigen for 3 days, they responded to an extent similar to that of CD4+ T cells. Purified CD8+ T cells also responded when they were supplemented with interleukin-2 (IL-2). There was a direct quantitative correlation between the proliferative response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their production of IFN-gamma. IL-2 was produced in the cultures, the amounts being higher in the cultures of CD4+ than in those of CD8+ cells. IL-4 was not detected in the culture medium of any of the T-cell subsets. Seventeen human alpha beta + CD4+ CD8- CD3+ T-cell clones, specific to antigens of F. tularensis, were raised. When proliferating, these clones did invariably produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. In conclusion, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of tularaemia-vaccinated individuals respond with proliferation to various protein antigens of F. tularensis, and the proliferative response is strictly associated with IFN-gamma production. The CD8+ T-cell response seems to depend on cytokines supplied by proliferating CD4+ T cells.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Human papillomavirus infection of the male diagnosed by Southern-blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction: comparison between urethra samples and penile biopsy samples.

A group of 108 healthy men aged 18 to 23 years underwent penoscopy after application of acetic acid. In 39 (37%) aceto-white lesions were found and a biopsy was taken. From 105 patients a urethra sample was collected with a brush. The prevalence of HPV-DNA by dot-blot and Southern-blot hybridizations (DBH/SBH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as the correlation between results from urethra samples and penile aceto-white epithelium were examined. In urethra, HPV-DNA was detected in four of the 66 patients (6%) with normal epithelium and in three of the 39 (8%) with aceto-white epithelium by using DBH/SBH. By PCR the corresponding findings were eight (12%) and 10 (26%) HPV-DNA-positive patients, respectively. Out of the 39 biopsy samples HPV-DNA was detected in six (15%) by DBH/SBH and in 17 (44%) by PCR. Twenty-two (56%) of the patients with aceto-white lesions were by PCR positive in either the urethra sample or biopsy. All samples positive by DBH/SBH were also positive by PCR except for one biopsy with HPV 35, a type not tested for by PCR. HPV 11 was the most common finding in urethra and HPV 6 and 16 in aceto-white epithelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Astroviruses as a cause of nosocomial outbreaks of infant diarrhea.

During a 16-month study period at a children's hospital, 32 children developed nosocomial gastroenteritis caused by astroviruses. Twenty-five of these occurred during 2 epidemic outbreaks in medical and surgical infants' wards. From the community, 13 confirmed cases were admitted during the study period. Both community-acquired and nosocomial cases occurred during autumn, winter and early spring. The attack rates during outbreaks ranged between 7 and 62% and were highest among children with underlying gastrointestinal diseases. Diarrhea and vomiting were the most common clinical manifestations. The median duration of symptoms was 4 days and that of virus excretion was 5 days. Hospital infection with astroviruses is common and usually affects children less than 2 years of age. The probable mode of transmission is spread via contaminated hands.

Child, Preschool↗