Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Endo.
Aureobasidins A to R were isolated from the fermentation broth of Aureobasidium pullulans R106. Aureobasidins are cyclic depsipeptide antibiotics with MW's ranging from 1.070 to 1,148. Aureobasidins showed high in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
In order to determine what factors are related to falls and the effect on the aged, a study was conducted on subjects aged 60 years and over who had undergone preventive health examinations in the western region of Shizuoka Prefecture. Subjects (n = 305) had an average age of 64.4 +/- 3.8 years, and all were interviewed regardless of their history of falls. For the 66 cases who had experienced falls, further questions prepared in advance, were included. The following results were obtained: 1) There were 66 subjects (21.6% of the subjects) who had experienced falls with some experienced multiple falls for a total count of 91 falls. 2) The frequency of falls of female subjects was significantly higher than that of males. Further, with respect to the type of injuries suffered, in the case of many of the female subjects, these took the form of contusions. 3) The majority of subjects who experienced falls were engaged in farming and most of the falls were work-related. 4) Results of this study showed that, while not statistically significant, cerebrovascular diseases are closely connected to falls and increases the falls coefficient among the aged.
Between 1982 and 1990, 61 patients underwent the repair of dissecting aneurysm. Retrograde perfusion from the unilateral femoral artery were performed for 56 patients and the selective false lumen perfusion occurred in 3 patients. As for those 3 patients, compression of the true lumen and insufficient cerebral perfusion were suspected. Selective cerebral perfusion and antegrade systemic perfusion from the ascending aortic graft were performed. Although 2 patients took uneventful postoperative courses, 1 patient died of massive brain damage. It is very important to accomplish the means to maintain adequate cerebral circulation as soon as possible toward this fetal complication.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and calcium channel blockers (CaB) on renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and autoregulation (AR) of RBF were studied on the uninephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) under the conditions of high (H) and low (L) salt loading. SHR was given with 0.9% or 0.09% NaCl solution as drinking water (GH, GL). Each group was divided into three groups for treatment with enalapril (Enp) and nitredipine (Nit); i.e. Enp group (GHE, GLE), Nit group (GHN, GLN) and control group (GHC, GLC). After 6 weeks, inulin clearance (Cin) was determined and RBF was measured by means of an electromagnetic flow meter. The renal arterial pressure was lowered by clamping and changes in RBF and AR were examined. Cin showed higher values of 1.85 and 1.69 ml/min in GHN and GLN, as compared to be 1.33 and 1.28 ml/min in GHC and GLC (p less than 0.01). Filtration fraction (FF) showed lower values of 0.18 and 0.20 ml/min in GHE and GLE (p less than 0.01), whereas 0.29 and 0.30 in GHC and GLC respectively. RBF was markedly lower at 7.4 ml/min in GLC as compared to 9.9 ml/min in GHC (p less than 0.01). In GH, GHE showed a higher value of 11.6 ml/min, as compared to GHC (p less than 0.01). In GL, comparing with GLC the value was much higher of 12.1 ml/min in GLE (p less than 0.01). AR of RBF diminished in GLC at higher blood pressure as compared to GHC (p less than 0.01). It was maintained at lower blood pressure in GLE (p less than 0.01), but there were no significant differences between four groups; i.e. GLN, GHC, GHE and GHN. In summary, low salt loading reduced RBF and suppressed AR. Enp elevated RBF, lowered FF and caused AR to be maintained even at lower blood pressure. Nit elevated RBF and GFR without changing FF, and did not suppress AR. These results indicate that, in hypertension complicated with moderate dysfunction, both ACEI and CAB are expected to exhibit the beneficial effects on maintenance of renal circulation, despite though the different mechanism.
We investigated postoperative changes in immunoreactive plasma endothelin (ET-1) concentrations using a highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay developed for this purpose. The patients were divided into two groups: 10 patients underwent subtotal-esophagectomy by combined right thoracotomy and celiotomy (EC-group), and an other 10 underwent total gastrectomy via celiotomy only (GC-group). Before operation, plasma ET concentrations in both groups were within the normal range. After operation, the mean plasma ET-1 concentration in the EC group was significantly higher than the preoperative concentration (p less than 0.01). But in the GC-group, there were no significant change. A significant correlation existed between the change in plasma ET-1 concentration and the amount of intraoperative hemorrhage (p less than 0.05). Additionally in the EC group, a significant correlation existed between plasma ET-1 concentrations after operation and the change in the atrial-natriuretic-peptide (ANP) concentration during operation (p less than 0.05). There was no correlation between ET-1 concentrations and blood pressure. We believe that the increase in the ET-1 concentration was attributable to endothelial cell injury and may increase ANP secretion. We speculate that the plasma ET-1 concentration may be a reliable index of surgical stress.
The effects of various volatile anesthetics on intramuscular Ca(2+)-related functions were studied with the skinned fiber technique in guinea pig skeletal muscles. All the volatile anesthetics tested significantly enhanced Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) at clinical concentrations with negligible effects both on Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile system and on Ca2+ uptake by the SR. A comparison was made of the enhancing effect of several volatile anesthetics on CICR at clinical concentrations. Halothane was the most potent, followed by methoxyflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane and diethyl ether. If CICR plays an important role in triggering MH, this order of volatile anesthetics on their enhancing effect on CICR, also corresponds to their potency in triggering MH.
Healing characteristics in a highly porous fabric prosthesis are better than in a porous low one. However, bleeding from the highly porous graft wall after implantation has been a very big problem for surgeons, preventing them from using this prosthesis. When a small-caliber graft is pre-clotted and implanted, the condition of the inner surface, such as smoothness, enhances patency and anti-thrombogenicity. We developed a method for pre-clotting a highly porous small-caliber fabric prosthesis using Teflon Mandril. Before pre-clotting, a fabric vascular prosthesis was held end-to-end and stretched to make the crimp shallow. Teflon stick, which outer diameter was 0.5 mm smaller than the graft, was used to pre-clot. Fresh blood was poured into the space between the stick and the vascular graft. After 3 to 5 minutes, when the blood coagulated, the vascular graft with the stick inside was squeezed with a dry towel. Care was taken not to peel the fibrin attached to the graft. With this method, a smooth and tight fibrin meshwork was obtained at the inner surface. This procedure was repeated five times. As a control, pre-clotting was induced according to Yate's method using the same fabric prosthesis. Two groups of pre-clotted grafts were examined macroscopically and in a perfusion model. Macroscopically, the inside of the graft in the developed method was smooth and without thrombus. On the other hand, in the control grafts, the fibrin meshwork was observed and thrombus at the crimp was noticed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A new procedure of "intra-arterial aorto-infundibuloplasty" for the narrowed aortic annulus is described. Aortic valve replacement can be performed through the aorto-pulmonary and infundibular septal incision which is eventually enlarged by a single patch.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
We analyzed correlation between postoperative pulmonary complications and pre-operative pulmonary functions. In patients with severely disturbed respiratory functions; i.e. % VC of under 30% or % FEV1 of under 30%, for the past 6 years. Pulmonary complications developed in 6 of the 18 patients studied (33.3%). Of the 9 patients with preoperative PaO2 of under 70 mmHg, pulmonary complications developed in 6 patients (66.7%). Of the 7 patients with preoperative PaCO2 over 50 mmHg, pulmonary complications developed in 5 patients (71.4%). We found that postoperative pulmonary complications correlate well with preoperative PaO2 and PaCO2, in patients with severely disturbed respiratory functions.
To analyze causes of postoperative hepatic and renal dysfunction in patients with thoracic aneurysm, we examined 31 patients who survived surgeries and 2 patients died of MOF. The patients were separated into three groups as follows; Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used for circulatory support in group A (n = 7), CPB and low flow perfusion during open distal anastomosis in group B (n = 13) and temporary bypass or left atrial distal aorta arterial bypass was used in group C (n = 11). Operation time was significantly longer in group A (9.8 hrs) compared with group C (6.1 hrs). Amount of intraoperative blood transfusion was greater in groups A (4980 ml) and B (4860 ml) compared with group C (2320 ml). Postoperative highest total bilirubin level was significantly greater in group A (7.8 mg/dl) than group C (2.5 mg/dl). LDH was higher in groups A (1322 IU/l) and B (1336 IU/l) than group C (991 IU/l). GOT was higher in group B (200 IU/l) than group C (64 IU/l). There were no significant differences in GPT, creatinine and BUN among the three groups. Operation time and amount of intraoperative blood transfusion were positively correlated with postoperative hepatic function parameters. Two patients died of MOF showed severe hepato-renal dysfunction associated with LOS. The results indicate that hypothermic low flow perfusion during open distal anastomosis do not induce hepatic or renal dysfunction, and postoperative hyperbilirubinemia is resulted from bilirubin overload which patients can tolerate well if they are not complicated with MOF.
A 66-year-old man had a CABG with a saphenous vein graft. During the surgery, oxidized cellulose and fibrin glue were used and left in place for hemostasis. Six months after the surgery, the first postoperative CAG was performed and a stenosis of the coronary bypass graft near the proximal anastomosis was found. The first PTCA was done and the stenosis was released. Re-stenosis was observed at the same site one year after the first PTCA and a second one was performed. Five years and nine months after the surgery, the patient started complaining of severe chest pain even though he was receiving medication. Graft stenosis at the same site was observed by CAG. A cyst 3 cm in diameter, with irregular wall thickness was found near the proximal portion of the bypass graft. Resection of the cyst and re-CABG was performed uneventfully. Microscopically, the cyst consisted of fibroblasts, small vessels, collagen fiber and giant cells and was diagnosed as granuloma. In the giant cells, oxidized cellulose fiber was observed. No comparable cases have been reported in the literature. Topical hemostatic agents were discussed.