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Biomedical subjects

M Endo

Publications and source records attributed to M Endo.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Mutations in c-K-ras 2 gene codon 12 during colorectal tumorigenesis in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Colorectal carcinomas may be induced from adenomas, or they may occur de novo. To clarify the histogenesis of colorectal carcinomas, point mutations in codon 12 of the c-K-ras 2 gene in neoplasias of familial adenomatous polyposis patients were examined. Nineteen colorectal advanced carcinomas, 135 adenomatous polyps, 9 hyperplastic polyps, and 27 normal colonic mucosae were obtained from 48 patients. In 27 normal mucosae and 9 hyperplastic polyps, a mutation in the K-ras gene was not detected. Mutations were detected as follows: 0 of 24 in adenomas with mild atypia, 10 of 77 in adenomas with moderate atypia, and 24 of 34 in adenomas with severe atypia. The incidence of mutations in c-K-ras 2 codon 12 is correlated with the degree of atypia of adenomas. However, only 5 such mutations were detected in 19 advanced carcinomas, indicating that the mutation frequency in advanced carcinomas is much lower than that in adenomas with severe atypia. If a mutation of c-K-ras 2 gene is an important component in the formation of adenocarcinoma, these results did not confirm the successive development from adenomas with severe atypia to advanced carcinomas as the main route for colorectal carcinogenesis in familial adenomatous polyposis patients.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1992

Towards an exemplar model of face processing: the effects of race and distinctiveness.

Valentine (1991a, 1991b) described a theoretical framework for face recognition in which faces are encoded as locations in a multidimensional space. It was argued that this approach could provide a unified account of the effects of distinctiveness, inversion, and race on face recognition. In this paper we evaluate the ability of this theoretical framework to account for the effects of distinctiveness and race in four experiments in which white British and Japanese faces served as stimuli and both white British and Japanese students acted as subjects. In a recognition memory experiment the expected "own-race bias" was observed as a Race of Subject x Race of Face interaction. Distinctive faces were recognized more accurately than typical faces, but the effect of distinctiveness did not interact with the race of face or the race of subject. Typical faces were classified faster than distinctive faces in a task in which intact faces had to be distinguished from jumbled faces, as found in earlier work, and the effect of distinctiveness did not interact with the race of face or race of subject. In contrast, a task in which subjects classified faces according to their race did show a greater effect of distinctiveness for own-race faces. The results are discussed in relation to the two specific models within the multidimensional space framework identified by Valentine (1991a): a purely exemplar-based model and a norm-based coding model. It is argued that these results are more easily accommodated in terms of a purely exemplar-based model. Some conceptual problems in applying the norm-based coding model to the effect of race are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Tetralogy of Fallot with anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery.

Between 1971 and 1990, 7 patients of tetralogy of Fallot with anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery underwent intracardiac repairs at Tohoku University Hospital. They were 2 males and 5 females with ages ranging from 4 to 26 years old. The right pulmonary artery connected to right ventricle in all cases, whereas no communications between right ventricle and the left pulmonary artery were found. The left pulmonary artery directly originated from the ascending aorta in 2 patients (group I) and connected to the ductus arteriosus in 5 patients (group II and III). In 2 patients (group II), the left pulmonary artery was separated from the pulmonary arterial trunk by the intraluminal membrane, receiving blood supply through the ductus. In the remaining 3 patients (group III), there were no continuations between both pulmonary arteries. At the correction, communication between the left pulmonary artery and the pulmonary arterial trunk could be reconstructed in groups I and II. However, it was not possible in group III, because the ductus arteriosus and the left pulmonary artery had already been occluded before the intracardiac repair. In group III, ventricular septal defect was closed using a one-way valved patch or a perforated patch to decrease supersystemic right ventricular pressure. Postoperative right ventricular aortic pressure ratio was between 0.5 and 0.8 in groups I and II, and between 0.8 and 1.0 in group III. Three patients (one in each group) died after the operation. Severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease was found in the left lung of group I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Retrospective evaluation of surgical intervention following chemo- and radiotherapy of maxillary sinus cancers.

During the past 15 years, 30 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the maxillary sinus were treated by modified partial maxillectomy following chemo- and radiotherapy, taking care to preserve facial contour and function as far as possible. Follow-up evaluation showed that local recurrences, and regional lymph node and distant metastases were more frequent in T4 patients than in T3 patients. Evaluation of the histopathological effects of preoperative chemo- and radiotherapy at the time of surgery showed that T4 patients tended to have a poorer response to the treatment than T3 patients. Analysis according to the direction of primary tumor extension showed that the incidence of local recurrence was higher in the superolateral type, whereas that of regional lymph node metastasis was higher in the medial type. The cumulative 5-year survival was high (72.2%) in Stage III patients and low (22.5%) in Stage IV patients. The overall rate was 55.4%. The treatment produced relatively good outcomes in T3 patients but poor outcomes in T4 patients. These findings indicate that T4 carcinoma of the maxillary sinus must be managed initially by a combination of irradiation and multi-chemotherapeutic drugs, and then treated by more extensive surgical resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Enhanced expression of type 2C protein phosphatase gene during myogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells.

Type 2C phosphatase is one of the four major protein serine.threonine phosphatases (types 1, 2A, 2B and 2C). The mRNA level of the enzyme protein was 11.5 times higher in mouse skeletal muscle than in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (C3H10T1/2). The mRNA level was enhanced 4.2-fold in accordance with the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells into myoblasts induced by transfection with a MyoD1 expression vector, and this high level was maintained in terminally differentiated myotubes. Furthermore, type 2C phosphatase activity in both myoblast and myotube fractions was slightly higher than in control C3H10T1/2 cells. These results indicate that the expression of type 2C phosphatase gene is enhanced during the course of myogenic differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Long-term results in 1,400 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting: saphenous vein vs arterial grafts].

To analyze and compare the effects of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and arterial grafts (AG) on the long-term results of the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), retrospective nonrandomized studies were performed in 1,400 consecutive patients with CABG in terms of reoperation, postoperative transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to the grafts, actuarial survival rate, and cumulative event free rate. AG was used frequently in recent cases in which more diffuse and multiple vessel disease were encountered. No statistically significant differences were noted in any of the reoperation free rate, actuarial survival rate, success rate of the PTCA, and cumulative event free rate between SVG and AG, because the long-term results of the SVG was apparently better than reported Caucasian's long-term results, while those of the AG were as good as Caucasian's. Reoperation and PTCA for the AG were performed less than one year after the CABG in most cases and restenosis after the PTCA was rare. In contrast, those for the SVG were mainly done late postoperative period, and the incidence of the restenosis after the PTCA was very high. These results indicated that the main cause of the graft failure in the AG was technic-related, and that of the SVG was graft's atherosclerosis. We conclude from this study that AG should be indicated more extensively than SVG, but proper indication and application of the AG in various situations and technical improvement to avoid stenosis at anastomosis are important to improve the long-term results of the CABG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Sequential coronary artery bypass using gastroepiploic artery].

We carried out sequential coronary bypass grafting using the gastroepiploic artery (GEA) as an in situ graft in seven patients. Four patients had sequential graft from the right coronary to the circumflex. Three patients were anastomosed to two or three peripheral branches of the right coronary artery. There were no early deaths. Postoperative angiograms revealed that the patency rate was 92.3% (12/13 anastomoses). Sequential GEA grafting is available to anastomose the peripheral branches of the right coronary and the circumflex where the in situ internal thoracic artery is difficult to access. Therefore, this procedure will be indicated for multiple coronary artery bypass grafting.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Pulmonary kinetics of 13N-ammonia in smoking subjects--a quantitative study using dynamic PET].

To evaluate the effect of smoking on nonrespiratory function in the lung, a dynamic PET with 13NH3 in the lung was performed in 18 normal volunteers without lung disease nor congestion (9 non-smokers, 4 exsmokers, 5 smokers). After intravenous bolus injection of 13NH3, twenty serial 5.5-second scans followed by six 30-second scans were performed. Regions of interests were assigned on the ventral, lateral and dorsal part of the right lung and time-activity curves were generated through 26 images. The activity curve demonstrated a biexponential clearance from the lung with fast and slow component. The retention fraction (RF), fractional size of the slow component, was calculated, and the half-times (t 1/2) of both components were also evaluated. A significant increase of RF and prolongation of t 1/2 of slow component were observed in smokers compared to non-smokers and exsmokers. However, no significant difference of RF nor t 1/2 of both components was observed between non-smokers and exsmokers. These results suggest that long term smoking may modify the pulmonary kinetics of 13NH3, but the change is reversible after cessation of smoking for one year or longer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy of fatal tachyarrhythmias].

Interventional treatment is necessary for fatal drug-refractory tachyarrhythmias. Thirty-three, 33 and 16 patients (pts) with intractable ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or fibrillation (VF) were managed with cryosurgery (CS), electrical catheter ablation (EA) and implantable pacer-cardioverter-defibrillator (PCD), respectively. Seventy-six and 43 pts with sudden death risk in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) also underwent CS and EA, respectively. CS success rates were 85% in VT/VF and 95% in WPW. Those of EA were 48% and 81%, respectively. EA success rates were 100% (6/6) in idiopathic verapamil-sensitive VT originated from LV, 0% (0/2) in VT following TOF repair and 0% (0/2) in idiopathic VT originated from right ventricular outflow tract. A new VT developed in 5 of 11 pts with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) following EA. PCD was effective for prevention from sudden death in idiopathic VF and pleomorphic VT. All of pharmacologic, EA and CS therapies were relatively effective in ischemic heart disease without low EF. In conclusion, the decision of VT-VF therapy may be affected by the underlying heart disease and EA may be established as an initial intervention for high risk WPW.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Conservative treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities].

To evaluate conservative treatment for acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities, 56 limbs of 53 patients (29 men and 24 women, age ranging 20 to 77 years, mean age of 50.1 years) were reviewed. Only three patients underwent thrombectomy of restricted iliac venous regions by Fogarty catheter within 24 hours of the onset and their symptoms were relieved immediately after operation with good follow-up condition. Forty-five limbs were treated conservatively. Among 45 limbs, 15 limbs were treated within 7 days of symptom's onset using heparin and urokinase for 6-10 days followed by oral anticoagulant. Forty-seven percent of the patients were freed from their symptoms within one year. However 30 limbs received conservative therapy after 7 days of the onset showed 23% recovery from their symptoms within one year and in extensive thrombosis recovery was only 14%. We concluded that conservative treatment for DVT was effective if it was started within 7 days of the onset, and thrombectomy of ilio-femoral regions might be more effective than conservative treatment under the same condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Controversy on therapeutic modality to early colorectal carcinomas from the viewpoint of histopathological features].

We have investigated prognostic factors of early colorectal carcinoma mainly based on pathological aspects. We have experienced 175 lesions of early colorectal carcinomas, in which 116 lesions were obtained by operation and 59 lesions were endoscopically resected. Histologically, well differentiated adenocarcinoma was subclassified into two types, pure type and combined type. We expressed extent of submucosal invasion by sm depth and sm width. We represented specific pathological features in the invasive margin as single cell infiltration (SCI) and mucinous component (MUC), which were indicating biological invasiveness of submucosal invasive carcinomas. As a result of this research, we concluded that minimal submucosal invasion of early colorectal carcinoma should be defined as carcinoma having sm depth less than 1 mm and sm width less than 5 mm, on the contrary, sm massive invasion as sm depth above 1 mm or sm width above 5 mm. We guessed that SCI was good parameter of lymphatic invasion because of their correlation to other adverse prognostic factors. We make a policy that subsequent intestinal resection should be performed to early colorectal carcinomas, which having SCI or MUC concomitant with the degree of submucosal invasion more than our standard despite of absence of vascular permeation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Therapeutic modality for esophago-gastric varices analyzed by endoscopic ultrasonography].

For 64 cases with portal hypertensive disease, we investigated the intramural and extramural structure of the stomach and esophagus by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Variously developed intra- or extra-mural vascular structures had a relationship to the endoscopic variceal form, and the communicating (inflow) vessels to varices were found in 35 of 50 primary treated cases (70%). We classified the esophago-gastric varices into three types according to the vascular structure, such as the esophageal type, the esophago-gastric type and the solitary gastric type. From the analyses of these collateral structures, we should select a treatment as follows. In the esophageal type which has a few inflow vessels, it is easy to eliminate the varices by obturating the inflow vessels by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS). In the esophago-gastric type, which has many enlarged inflow vessels, the Hassab operation is effective to devascularize extramural inflow vessels, and the combination of EIS is necessary to sclerous the intramural varices. In the solitary gastric type which is a part of the downward porto-systemic shunt, Hassab operation is recommended to prevent the rupture of varices for the subtype with intramural running vessels, but conservative therapy is enough for the subtype without intramural running vessel.

Collateral Circulation↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardia after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot].

A 38-year-old man with total repair of tetralogy of Fallot at the age of 16 suffered from paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. His first attack of sustained ventricular tachycardia was recognized at the age of 37 and it was refractory for medical therapy. Electrophysiologic study demonstrated two morphological types of clinical ventricular tachycardias, one originated from the outflow tract of the right ventricle and the other from the area around the patch for closure of ventricular septal defect. He underwent cryosurgical ablation for ventricular tachycardia and patch-closure for residual shunt of ventricular septal defect following the failure of electrical ablation. All of clinical ventricular tachycardias disappeared postoperatively without antiarrhythmic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative analysis of pulmonary vascular disease in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in sixty infants.

A quantitative analysis of small pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and lymphatic vessels was conducted in autopsy cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The materials were obtained from 60 cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection without asplenia or pulmonary stenosis, ages ranging from 2 days to 19 months at the time of death (mean age 2.2 months). Pulmonary arterial pressure had been measured in 32 of these patients before death. Twenty cases of ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension and 15 normal individuals were used as the control group. The mean thickness of the media of small pulmonary arteries and veins was 12.7 and 7.6 microns, respectively, in the total anomalous pulmonary venous connection cases, both values being significantly larger than those for normal and ventricular septal defect cases. No changes in thickness with aging were found. Medial thickness in the arteries and veins was greater in the cases of pulmonary venous obstruction than in those without such obstruction. The medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection cases correlated with increased pulmonary arterial pressure. When the patients with the same pulmonary arterial pressure levels were compared, the medial thickness was always greater in those who had total anomalous pulmonary venous connection than in those who had ventricular septal defect. The medial thickness of pulmonary veins was also highly correlated with increased pulmonary arterial pressure in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The severity of the intimal lesions was milder in those who had total anomalous pulmonary venous connection than in those who had ventricular septal defect, suggesting the protective role of the thickened pulmonary arterial media against development of intimal lesions. Intimal fibrous thickening of pulmonary veins was not seen in the cases of ventricular septal defect, but it was present in 45% of the total anomalous pulmonary venous connection cases. Lymphangiectasia was characteristically present in 62% of the total anomalous pulmonary venous connection cases. Interstitial emphysema was often a complication of lymphangiectasia, and it led to eight postoperative deaths.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Postoperative respiratory dysfunction in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection].

Between 1986 and 1990, 24 patients with Stanford type A dissection (acute; 14, chronic; 10) underwent surgery through median sternotomy. The patients were divided into two groups by a duration of postoperative ICU stay for respiratory care. Six patients in the long-period group stayed in ICU for more than 15 days and 18 patients in the short-period group stayed for less than 15 days after surgery. Acuity of disease, age, sex, operation time, pump time, aortic clamp time, lowest esophageal temperature, amount of blood transfusion, arch manipulation for cerebral perfusion with or without arch reconstruction, occurrence of phrenic nerve palsy and other postoperative complications, postoperative cardiac, hepatic and renal functions were compared between two groups. Conclusions are as follows: 1) Arch manipulation for cerebral perfusion with or without arch reconstruction, phrenic nerve palsy, other complications (pericardial and pleural fluid accumulation, recurrent nerve palsy, postoperative bleeding and coronary spasm) and high serum creatinine level were main factors for prolonged postoperative ICU stay for respiratory care and 2) arch manipulation in the patients with chronic type A aortic dissection induced high incidence of phrenic nerve palsy.

Adult↗