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Biomedical subjects

M Eggstein

Publications and source records attributed to M Eggstein.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Circadian rhythm of parathyrin and calcitonin concentrations in the serum].

The circadian variations of serum intact parathyrin, C-terminal parathyrin (65-84), mid-region parathyrin (44-68) fragments, calcitonin, total calcium, ionized calcium, albumin and phosphate were measured in five healthy subjects. Intact parathyrin, parathyrin (44-68) and calcitonin show a synchronous diurnal fluctuation with a nocturnal increase to a maximum between 24.00 and 2.00 hours. Whereas phosphate has a marked circadian rhythmicity with a zenith between 1.00 and 8.00 hours, total calcium and albumin show a tendency to decrease between 20.00 and 6.00 hours. Ionized calcium concentration remains constant over the whole day.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hormonal and metabolic changes in starving obese patients during exhaustive physical exercise.

Exhaustive graded exercise leads to changes of hormones, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism in normal controls and obese patients after prolonged starvation. Concomitant with a large increase of plasma catecholamines, insulin concentration is reduced and blood glucose levels slowly increase. More glucose is made available by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis than can be oxidized in the mitochondria. Lactate associated metabolic acidosis appears. Starving obese patients in the basal state have reduced blood glucose concentrations, but their initial values for free glycerol, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies are much higher than in normal controls. This is caused by the starvation induced lipolysis. With exhaustive exercise adrenaline, noradrenaline, and free glycerol increase. In contrast, free fatty acids and ketone bodies decrease, because they are consumed as fuel. Prolonged starvation changes basal values of hormones and metabolites, but it does not change the quality of exercise-induced shifts in these values when compared with those of the normal controls.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1983

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type I diabetics during exhaustive exercise.

During an exhaustive graded bicycle spiroergometer test, several arterial blood samples were taken from six type I diabetics and seven normal controls for determination of catecholamines and parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In both groups during exercise, glucose remained unchanged, and lactate associated metabolic acidosis was compensated by respiratory gas exchange. Diabetics showed an impaired exercise-induced response of adrenaline and noradrenaline (62 +/- 8 to 176 +/- 24 and 98 +/- 6 to 612 +/- 175 pg X ml-1), respectively, compared to controls (55 +/- 6 to 1213 +/- 720 and 95 +/- 17 to 1710 +/- 506 pg X ml-1). Free glycerol increased to an equivalent extent in both groups. Simultaneously produced free fatty acids decreased at high work loads in diabetics. In addition to insulin deficiency and impaired catecholamine secretion, diabetics showed high values of growth hormone, ACTH, and cortisol. These may be responsible for the high values of free glycerol and free fatty acids. At maximum the FFA values decreased in both groups, although levels of lactate and pyruvate were high. It is suggested that insulin deficiency is the reason for the disturbed hormonal and metabolic response to exhaustive exercise and reduces physical fitness in diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Definition of clinically relevant lactic acidosis in patients with internal diseases.

In order to define clinically relevant lactic acidosis, 12 biochemical variables, eight clinical symptoms and signs, leading diagnoses, and mortality were evaluated prospectively in approximately 2,000 unselected patients with internal diseases, consecutively admitted to the hospital. Patients with incomplete data sets were not considered. Of those patients who repeatedly were admitted to the hospital during the time of the study, only the first admission was included for statistical analysis. In addition to 11 definitions of lactic acidosis given in the literature, sequential cluster analyses of the biochemical variables were used to estimate the incidence of lactic acidosis in 1,467 patients. Depending upon which definition was used, 0.5-3.8% of all patients were classified as suffering from lactic acidosis, with a mortality rate ranging from 30-88%. From this study it is concluded that a limit of less than or equal to 7.35 for pH and of greater than 5-6 mmol/L for the concentration of lactate in whole blood will minimize false-negative or false-positive classifications.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1983

Creatine kinase variants. Report on the workshop conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry held on September 19 to 21, 1982 in Tübingen, FRG.

It was the aim of the workshop to summarize present knowledge of the variant creatine kinases in human blood. Discussion was centered on the nature, measurement, and clinical significance of these variants. On the basis of the presented results, the different creatine kinase variants can be classified as follows: Normal size variants (80000 Daltons). These originate from postsynthetic modifications of the three dimeric isoenzymes creatine kinase-MM, MB or BB. The M subunit can be transformed by a serum constituent and these modifications result in at least three different creatine kinase-MM and two creatine kinase-MB variants, which still show catalytic activity. The mechanism of the postsynthetic alterations of creatine kinase-BB seems to be more complex: In vitro incubation of this isoenzyme even in a non-serum matrix changes its electrophoretic mobility and decreases activity. In vivo there is evidence that on the one hand intact creatine kinase-BB molecules are directly removed from the circulation. On the other hand, however, inactive creatine kinase-BB-protein is reported to occur in serum. Variants with higher molecular weights (greater than 200000 Daltons). These are termed macro creatine kinases. Macro creatine kinase type 1 comprises the immunoglobulin-bound creatine kinase isoenzymes. Of these immune complexes, IgG-linked creatine kinase-BB is well known and has been described in detail, whereas the occurrence of creatine kinase-MM-containing macro creatine kinases is still questionable. Macro creatine kinase type 1 is found in the blood of about 2% of all hospitalized patients. It occurs mainly in elderly women, but it is not known whether it has any special clinical significance. Macro creatine kinase type 2 is the term for an oligomeric form of mitochondrial creatine kinase released after breakdown of mitochondria in liver, heart and some tumours. After treatment with urea this oligomeric form is converted into a normal sized, dimeric creatine kinase-MiMi. Macro creatine kinase type 2 is found exclusively in seriously ill patients, and may occur in more than 3% of all hospitalized patients. This classification of the creatine kinase variants seems logical, since it takes into account the nature of the creatine kinase variants, and it permits the classification of all atypical creatine kinases described in the literature. As quantification and differentiation now become possible, further experimental and clinical investigations should provide the information necessary for a better understanding of the physiology and pathobiochemistry of these multiple forms of creatine kinase.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of diet and stress on fat and carbohydrate metabolism after duodenopancreatectomy].

In 6 male patients, who had duodenopancreatectomy, oral fat respectively carbohydrate tolerance tests were performed. Intake of at least 10 g pancreatine did reduce the ensuing steatorrhea. Increased oral intake of carbohydrates led to increased levels of glucose in blood and urine. In addition, the patients were subjected to excessive exercise tests; in the course of these tests hormones, substrates and metabolites of fat and carbohydrate metabolism were measured. The values were compared to corresponding values from 6 type I diabetes patients and 7 normal persons. In the operated group lactate and free glycerol increased because of reduced hepatic glucose neogenesis, catecholamines increased little, and HGH not at all. Capacity for work was reduced in the operated group. Malassimilation and diabetes may be compensated for by drug therapy after duodenopancreatectomy. However, endocrine as well as metabolic derangements do follow duodenopancreatectomy, and ought to be taken into account preoperatively, since they may reduce the benefit of surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Candidate selected method for the enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum].

An enzymatic method is described for the determination of total cholesterol in serum using a single aqueous reagent which can easily be prepared from commercial substrates and enzymes. The determination is carried out manually, the resulting stable chromogen is measured at a wavelength of 500-550 nm. The cholesterol concentration may be calculated either using a primary cholesterol standard or a constant factor for a given wavelength. The reliability of the method is reported: Data for the imprecision are given on the basis of a survey in 3 laboratories, the accuracy is established by comparison with a definitive and a reference method. Analytical and biological interferances are briefly discussed and results with this enzymatic method are reported concerning the reference values for serum cholesterol.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1982

[Metabolic studies under ergometric loading of patients with total duodenopancreatectomy].

One year after total duodenopancreatectomy a clinical and laboratory evaluation including exhaustive bicycle ergometry was performed in 6 male patients. The insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas can be compensated by at least 10 g pankreatin per day. During physical exercise patients had higher arterial values of lactate and free glycerol after duodenopancreatectomy than 7 healthy individuals and 6 diabetic patients type I. This metabolic overreaction was due to a deficiency of pancreatic glucagon and resulted in an impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis. There was no detectable increase in growth hormones and only a small one in catecholamines. The physical condition of patients after duodenopancreatectomy was clearly worse.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Macro creatine kinase: determination and differentiation of two types by their activation energies.

Determination of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction may be disturbed by the presence of macro creatine kinase. The relative molecular mass of this form of creatine kinase in human serum is at least threefold that of the ordinary enzyme, and it is more thermostable. Here we describe our method for determination of macro creatine kinases and an easy-to-perform test for differentiating two forms of macro creatine kinase, based on their distinct activation energies. The activation energies of serum enzymes are mostly in the range of 40-65 kJ/mol of substrate. Unlike normal cytoplasmatic creatine kinases and IgG-linked CK-BB (macro creatine kinase type 1) a second form of macro creatine kinase (macro creatine kinase type 2) shows activation energies greater than 80 kJ/mol of substrate. The exact composition of macro creatine kinase type 2 is still unknown, but there is good reason to believe that it is of mitochondrial origin.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMed1982

Macro creatine kinases: results of isoenzyme electrophoresis and differentiation of the immunoglobulin-bound type by radioassay.

In 2.9% of sera from 1253 unselected patients we detected two different types of macromolecular creatine kinases (CK; EC 2.7.3.2). One macro type was represented by immunoglobulin-linked CK: in sera containing macro CK-BB isoenzyme, 125I-labeled CK-BB was bound with high affinity to the immunoglobulin fraction. Furthermore, during electrophoresis, macro CK-BB mostly migrated between CK-MB and CK-MM, and was fixed to Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. We therefore propose radioelectrophoresis as a specific, highly sensitive, and simple method for detecting this type of macro CK. This form occurs predominantly in elderly women, is not correlated to any specific disease, and persists in blood over a long period of time. In contrast, a second type (macro-CK type 2) never bound radiolabeled CK isoenzymes, and was not adsorbed to Protein A. Electrophoretic migration of this macro-CK type 2 was generally cathodic to CK-MM. We observed this type in severely ill patients, frequently those suffering from malignant tumors. Clinical observations and biochemical data suggest that macro-CK type 2 is of mitochondrial origin.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

["Hyperthyroiditis" (author's transl)].

Typical signs of so-called hyperthyroiditis are hyperthyroidism, low iodine uptake by the thyroid, absence of local, general or humoral signs of inflammation, and absence of significant antibody titres against thyroid tissue. These features are illustrated by the case report of a 51-year-old man. Since the course of hyperthyroidism is short and has a good prognosis, the importance of the diagnosis lies in avoiding unnecessary therapeutic measures. This cause of hyperthyroidism can be recognized only by including tests of intrathyroid iodine metabolism among diagnostic procedures.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1981

Stability of macro creatine kinases and creatine kinase isoenzymes compared: heat inactivation test for determination of thermostable creatine kinases.

Creatine kinase isoenzymes showed decreasing thermal stability and increasing lability towards pH changes in the order: MM, MB, and BB. The three isoenzymes exhibited their highest stability between pH 6.5 and 7.0. At 37 degrees C and an almost physiological pH of 7.5 the decay constants were 0.025, 0.164 and 0.580 h-1 (MM, MB, and BB isoenzyme), respectively. In contrast to free creatine kinase BB, immunoglobulin-linked creatine kinase BB (macro creatine kinase BB, type 1 macro creatine kinase) showed a markedly higher stability; this accounts for the persistence of creatine kinase BB activity in macro creatine kinasaemia. In addition we identified a second type of macro creatine kinase in patients' sera, which is also thermostable. A simple heat inactivation test (20 minutes, 45 degrees C, immunoinhibition of the M-subunits) differentiates thermostable macro creatine kinases from thermolabile creatine kinases and thus completes isoenzyme diagnosis.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1981

Macro creatine kinase BB: evidence for specific binding between creatine kinase BB and immunoglobulin G.

In the sera of four female patients with proven IgG-linked creatine kinase BB (macro creatine kinase BB) we studied the nature of the binding between creatine kinase isoenzymes and immunoglobulin G. The specificity towards the isoenzyme bound, the recombination of the complex after treatment with acid buffer, the site of the binding between both partners and an apparently monoclonal nature of the immunoglobulin G involved in the complex indicate that a specific antigen-antibody reaction is responsible for the existence of macro creatine kinase BB in the sera investigated.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1979

Serum creatine kinase BB linked to immunoglobulin G.

We describe an atypical form of creatine kinase in the serum of a woman after myocardial infarction. Electrophoresis on agarose gel showed a single fraction between CK-MM and CK-MB isoenzymes. After ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 we isolated the atypical CK and CK-BB as detected by electrophoresis of the eluted fractions. Results of our immunological investigations and exclusion chromatography clearly demonstrate that the atypical CK consists of complexes with high molecular masses formed by CK-BB isoenzyme and immunoglobulin G. The clinical significance, if any, of this Macro CK has yet to be determined.

Brain↗