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Biomedical subjects

M Eddy

Publications and source records attributed to M Eddy.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Insomnia.

Insomnia is a common complaint with potentially significant medical and psychologic complications. In some cases insomnia presents as a symptom of another underlying medical, psychiatric or environmental condition. In these cases, management of insomnia depends on accurate diagnosis and successful treatment of the underlying condition. In other cases, insomnia is a primary disorder requiring direct treatment. Pharmacologic treatments include nonprescription medications, sedating tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines and related drugs. Behavior management methods that may be administered in the office setting include stimulus control therapy, sleep restriction therapy and sleep hygiene education. Although prescription medications and behavior therapy have similar short-term efficacy, behavior interventions are recommended as the first line of treatment for primary insomnia because of their greater safety and long-term efficacy.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1993

Glycemic control and development of retinopathy in youth-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Results of a 12-year longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: In 1979, the authors began a prospective study of the natural history of retinopathy in youth-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Their major goal was to determine if there was an association between glycemic control and the development and progression of retinopathy. METHODS: The study consisted of 420 individuals with IDDM (onset younger than 20 years of age) and no retinopathy at baseline. Study subjects were enrolled between 1979 and 1988. Stereo color fundus photographs were obtained annually. Two eye endpoints were recorded: duration when retinopathy was first detected, and when proliferative retinopathy was detected. Glycemic control was assessed by quarterly determinations of glycohemoglobin (GHb). Life-table analyses were performed relating duration of diabetes, sex, GHb, and age of diabetes onset to development of retinopathy. RESULTS: Retinopathy did not develop before 2 years' duration or before puberty. The prevalence of retinopathy was 50% by 9 years' duration and 100% by 20 years' duration. Retinopathy developed in females approximately 2 years sooner than in males, but plotting duration as postpubertal years resulted in nearly identical rates. Retinopathy developed significantly earlier in subjects with prepubertal onset of diabetes than in subjects with postpubertal onset if duration was plotted as postpubertal years. When separated into three groups based on GHb levels (< 7.5%, 7.5%-9%, > 9%), retinopathy developed approximately 2 years later in subjects in the less than 7.5% GHb group than those in the higher GHb groups. Proliferative retinopathy developed in 11 subjects. Their mean GHb level was higher than the mean GHb for those without proliferative retinopathy (10.9 versus 8.6%; P < 0.01). The higher the level of GHb, the sooner proliferative changes were detected. CONCLUSION: Long-term glycemic control is significantly related to both development and progression of retinopathy. Prepubertal duration of diabetes is a significant risk factor for the development of retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Alternate cardiovascular baseline assessment techniques: vanilla or resting baseline.

The accurate evaluation of cardiovascular reactions to psychological challenge requires stable baselines against which change can be evaluated. When more than one challenge is employed, the recovery of this baseline becomes important in order to avoid carryover effects. Resting periods, even those of 20 min or more, do not guarantee baseline stability. We compared a 20-min resting condition and a new form of baseline condition in 48 college men using video tasks as the psychological challenges. The new form was a minimally demanding color detection task, termed the "vanilla" baseline condition. A 10-min version and a 20-min version of this condition were tested. Comparisons to 10-min resting baselines were made using our prior work and values from the literature. Vanilla baseline conditions were shown to be equal to or better than resting baseline conditions using criteria of between- and within-baseline stability, amplitude and significance of responsivity, and generalizability between sessions on separate days. Ten-minute resting baselines also showed acceptable stability, questioning the value of lengthy baselines. The good performance of the 10-min vanilla baseline in initial and replication samples supported its utility for estimating baselines for many purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Malignant glioma: current treatment perspectives.

Cytoreduction through multimodality therapy is the primary goal in management of malignant gliomas. Clinical trials such as those offered by the Brain Tumor Cooperative Group help to define current standards of care and investigate new therapies. Available therapies are in the medical, surgical, radiation and chemotherapeutic realms.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1985

A comparative assessment of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes, LDHk and LDH5.

An apparently unique isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase has been reported associated with transformation by Kirsten sarcoma virus, which was also expressed in human cancer. This isozyme was designated LDHk (Anderson, G.R., and Kovacik, W.P., Jr., (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 3209-3213; Anderson, G. R., Kovacik, W. P., Jr., and Marotti, K. R. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10583-10591). However, preparations of LDH5 from human placenta and from HeLa cells were later shown to exhibit some of the properties ascribed to LDHk9 and the identify of LDHk as a unique isozyme was questioned (Morin, M. E., and Hance, A. J., (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2864-2869). Saavadra and Anderson (Saavedra, R. A., and Anderson, G. R. (1983) Science (Wash. D.C.) 221, 291-292) refuted the arguments of Morin and Hance (Morin, M. E., and Hance, A. J. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2864-2869) by claiming that commercial preparations of human placental LDH5 were contaminated with LDHk. Re-evaluation of the unique properties which distinguish LDHk from conventional LDH5 indicates that the two isozymes may not be different. Highly purified preparations of LDHk exhibit a single Mr = 34,000 polypeptide subunit on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels, yet retain activity detectable as both LDHk and LDH5. Attempts to separate LDHk and LDH5 by column chromatography or by continuous electrophoresis on a variety of solid support matrices were unsuccessful. Enzyme activity identified as LDHk in imidazole-borate-buffered gels migrating toward the cathode was detected as LDH5 activity on re-electrophoresis. LDH5 activity identified by electrophoretic migration toward the anode in Tris-glycine-buffered gels also recorded as LDHk when re-electrophoresed toward the cathode in imidazole-borate-buffered gels. Quantitative assays of enzyme activity recovered from the two-gel assay systems, as well as re-electrophoresis of isozyme-enriched preparations, indicated that cross-contamination of isozymes was not responsible for the results obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Acquisition of sign language by autistic children. I: Expressive labelling.

There has been growing interest in teaching sign language to autistic children who have failed to develop speech. However, controlled experimentation in this area is nonexistent. In the present study, four nonverbal autistic children were taught expressive sign labels for common objects, using a training procedure that consisted of prompting, fading, and stimulus rotation. The efficacy of the procedure was demonstrated in a multiple-baseline design across objects. The results were reliable, replicable across children, and generalizable across therapists. A stimulus control analysis demonstrated that, for three of the children, correct signing was controlled solely by the visual cues associated with the presentation of a given object and was independent of respect to the known perceptual and linguistic deficits of autistic children.

Adolescent↗