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Biomedical subjects

M E Zabik

Publications and source records attributed to M E Zabik.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Polybrominated biphenyl congener levels and distribution patterns in raw and cooked beef.

The retention and distribution of eight polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) congeners were studied by roasting beef sirloin tip samples to an internal temperature of 65 degrees C, braising and broiling adductor and semimembranosus steaks to an internal temperature of 77 degrees C, broiling ground round and hamburger patties 77 degrees C, and comparing cooked values with those in the raw. Rounds were obtained from four Holstein cows with known PBB contamination. Significant reductions in PBBs occurred with cooking of all cuts. Roasting sirloin tips reduced the PBBs by 45.7%. Broiling reduced PBBs as follows: Adductor steaks (53.2%), semimembranosus steaks (71.2%), ground beef patties (32.3%) and hamburger patties (31.5%). Braising reduced PBBs in the adductor steaks by 37.2% and in the semimembranosus steaks by 34.9%. The distribution of PBB congeners was also affected by cooking in all cuts except hamburger. The proportion of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexabromobiphenyl decreased upon cooking but the change in the proportion of 2,3,4,5,2',4',5'-hepatbromobiphenyl varied with the cut used. Both of these isomers are known to be phenobarbital type inducers. The proportion of 2,4,5,3',4'5'-hexabromobiphenyl, which both a 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital type inducer, increased in the roasted sirloin tip surface and broiled ground round patties.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Bran as a source of dietary fiber in oatmeal cookies.

A panel of 1,542 Michigan consumers found oatmeal cookies in which 50 per cent of the flour was replaced with ground red or white wheat bran and a control cookie similarly acceptable. Cookie buying habits, consumer awareness of dietary fiber, and their methods of increasing it were cross-tabulated with demographic data.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1980

Influence of diet on hexachlorobenzene accumulation in Osborne Mendel rats.

Diet has been found to significantly affect hexachlorobenzene (HCB) accumulation in 20-week old female Osborne Mendel rats. These animals were all fed mg/kg body weight HCB/day for 6, 12 and 18 days, high carbohydrate (67.7% w/w) or high fat (45.3% w/w) diets which were isocaloric with respect to protein. The effect of two sources of carbohydrate, cornstarch and sucrose, on the accumulation of HCB was studied in separate experiments. Feeding the high fat diet not only resulted in higher carcass fat content but also promoted HCB accumulation in the perirenal fat pad, gastrocnemius muscle and liver. these same tissues from obese animals fed the high fat diet had substantially higher fat levels than those fed high carbohydrate diets. Much less HCB was present in the feces of animals fed the high fat ration so the high fat diet presumably facilitated HCB absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The differences in HCB accumulation in rats fed diets with different carbohydrate sources were slight, but the sucrose diet promoted greater HCB accumulation than the cornstarch diet.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

Effects of processing and cooking on PBB residues.

To study the effect of processing on polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) levels, milk from four dairy herds containing less than 0.3 ppm (fat basis) of physiologically incorporated PBBs was presented individually into cream, skim milk, butter, and stirred curd cheese. Pasteurized and freeze-dried whole milk, skim milk, and cream, spray-dried whole milk and skim milk, and condensed whole milk were also made. PBBs were concentrated in the high-fat products. Spray-drying reduced PBBs in whole milk and skim milk while pasteurization, freeze-drying, aging of cheese, and condensation were not effective. To study the effect of cooking on PBB levels, thigh meat, thigh skin, drumstick and breast (with skin) from half of chickens fed PBBs were analyzed raw, and pieces from the other halves were analysed following separate pressure cooking. The level of PBBs expressed as parts per million on a solids basis was lower in the cooked sample than in the corresponding raw piece and part of the PBBs lost were found in the drip. Recoveries of PBBs in cooked tissue and broth ranged from 68.1% in the thigh skin to 84.6% in the drumstick, with approximately two-thirds of the recovered PBBs found in the cooked meat itself. Therefore, pressure cooking resulted in a loss ranging from 36% for the drumstick to 53% for the thigh skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Dieldrin, DDT, PCBs, and mercury levels in freshwater mullet from the upper Great Lakes, 1975-76.

Freshwater mullet harvested commercially during various seasons of 1975-76 from the upper Great Lakes were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and mercury. Species analyzed were Catostomus commersoni, C. catostomus, and Moxostoma erythruran. Whole ground fish, mechanically deboned flesh, head, middle, and tail steaks, and various muscles were analyzed for pesticides and PCBs; only edible flesh was analyzed for mercury. Dieldrin ranged from none detected to 0.23 ppm in deboned and whole ground samples, the DDT range was a trace to 0.30 ppm, and PCBs ranged from 0.06 ppm to 0.79 ppm. Levels were also higher in head sections and in high fat-containing medial muscle and belly flap. Mercury levels ranged from 0.03 ppm to 0.28 ppm in the flesh of mullet from Lake Michigan.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Polybrominated biphenyls in raw milk and processed dairy products.

Milk from four dairy herds identified by the Michigan Department of Agriculture as containing less than .3 ppm (fat basis) physiologically incorporated polybrominated biphenyls was processed individually into cream, skim milk, butter, and stirred curd cheese. Pasteurized and freeze-dried whole milk, skim milk, and cream, spray-dried whole milk and skim milk, and condensed whole milk were made also. Polybrominated biphenyls were concentrated in the high-fat products. Pasteurized skim milk, buttermilk, and whey had slightly more polybrominated biphenyls than pasteurized whole milk on a fat basis. Spray-drying reduced the polybrominated biphenyls in whole milk and skim milk while pasteurization, freeze-drying, aging of cheese, and condensation were not effective.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of dam's diet on PCB accumulation in nursing Osborne Mendel pups.

Upon parturition, dams were fed high fat or high carbohydrate diets to which 1, 10, and 30 ppm of Aroclor 1254 were added to study the effect of diet on fat and PCB accumulation in nursing pups. The percentage of body fat in the carcasses of 0, 8, and 16 day old pups ranged from 2.2 to 18.2% and from 1.2 to 12.0% for animals suckled by dams fed high fat and high carbohydrate rations, respectively. Accumulation of Aroclor 1254 expressed as ppm wet weight or as total PCB's per pup was similar for animals nursed by dams fed either the high fat or high carbohydrate ration, but pups from dams fed a high carbohydrate ration also had significantly less body fat. Therefore, transfer of PCBs via the milk appears to be more a function of the amounts of PCB's consumed by the dam than the diet's ability to increase the percentage of body fat in the pups.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Microcrystalline cellulose replacement in cakes and biscuits.

Sensory and physical characteristics of cakes and biscuits with up to 60 per cent of flour replaced, volume for volume, with microcrystalline cellulose were compared with those of the respective controls. High quality products were obtained at replacement levels of 40 and 20 per cent, respectively, in lean-formula cakes and in biscuits. At these replacement levels, caloric density was reduced by 12 and 10 per cent, respectively, in the cakes and biscuits.

Bread↗