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Biomedical subjects

M E Wright

Publications and source records attributed to M E Wright.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sudden death due to self-treatment of peripheral edema with rubberband tourniquet.

A 70-year-old white male alcoholic with a history of congestive heart failure associated with peripheral edema was found dead in a pool of blood with a circumferential laceration of his right leg. A rubberband was found around the leg deep within the wound. The decedent reportedly refused medical treatment for his cardiovascular condition and treated himself by applying rubberbands and bandages around his legs to stop the spread of edema and infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Effects of feeding restricted energy and elevated calcium and phosphorus during growth on gait characteristics of culled sows and those surviving three parities.

Crossbred gilts (n = 288) were weaned at 4 to 5 wk of age and retained through three parities. They were used to determine the effects of feeding restricted energy (ad libitum vs 75% ad libitum) and elevated calcium-phosphorus levels (100 vs 150% of the dietary percentage suggested by NRC, 1979) from weaning to 100 kg of body weight on subsequent sow gait characteristics obtained from 16-mm motion pictures. After 100 kg, all females were fed and managed similarly throughout breeding, gestation and lactation. At 50 and 100 kg body weight and 21 d after weaning, females were filmed from the side and rear as they walked on a treadmill (traveling at the rate of .90 cm/s with zero slope) using two 16-mm Arriflex cameras. Objective measurements were taken from the film by projecting it on a reverse screen. Visual appraisal of structural soundness were scored subjectively for each female at each time period. The front foot pastern angle was correlated positively with structural soundness scores, suggesting that sows with smaller angles (more sloping) were given more desirable soundness scores. Early dietary energy and Ca-P levels did not influence number of sows completing three parities or culled for various reasons, front and hind pastern angles, the angles at the hock and carpal joint or rear view measurements, but sows fed ad libitum to 100 kg had a larger frame size even after three parities. Sows that survived three parities tended to have larger body capacity (girth diameter and width across hams) and smaller front and bind pastern angles and angles of the carpal joint and hock at maximum flex than did culled sows. Structural soundness scores did not differ between culled and surviving sows.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Adult scurvy.

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Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Variable expression of extracellular polysaccharide in the marine bacterium Pseudomonas atlantica is controlled by genome rearrangement.

Production of extracellular polysaccharide by the marine bacterium Pseudomonas atlantica is a variable trait. Strains that produce extracellular polysaccharide (EPS(+)) have a mucoid colony phenotype, but during cultivation in the laboratory nonmucoid, EPS(-) variants arise that have a crenated colony morphology. This change is reversible since crenated variants rapidly switch to the original mucoid phenotype. We have cloned the locus (eps) controlling variable expression of EPS production by screening a recombinant cosmid library for clones that restore EPS production in the crenated variant. By using eps as a probe of genomic structure in variant strains, expression of EPS production was found to be controlled by a specific DNA rearrangement. Insertion of a 1.2-kilobase-pair DNA sequence in the eps locus results in EPS(-), whereas excision of the sequence restores the EPS(+) phenotype. Properties of the rearrangement suggest the involvement of a mobile genetic element. The possible significance of this DNA rearrangement to the survival of P. atlantica in the ocean is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Late-onset cerebellar degeneration in mice induced transplacentally by methylnitrosourea.

A late-onset degenerative disease in the cerebellum was produced in the offspring of mice exposed to 1 mg/kg of the direct-acting DNA alkylating agent methylnitrosourea (MNU) on day 16 of gestation. This intrauterine exposure to MNU also provoked a progressive retinal degeneration that was described elsewhere. Mild ataxia in the MNU-exposed animals was expressed by 20 weeks of age. Although animals appeared normal in the immediate post-natal period, quantitative histological evaluation of cerebellar coronal sections indicated that MNU-exposed animals had a significantly greater number of pyknotic Purkinje cells than age-matched controls. The number of pyknotic Purkinje cells declined with age in the drug exposed animals; however, the percentage of pyknotic Purkinje cells to total number of Purkinje cells still was greater in MNU-induced animals at 36 weeks than in controls, suggesting that a slow degenerative process was ongoing in the MNU-exposed animals. Furthermore, the folia were grossly disrupted in 90% of the older MNU-exposed animals (ages greater than 12 weeks), suggesting permanent cerebellar disruption macroscopically. Such intrauterine exposure to low doses of alkylating agents may be potentially useful in modeling degenerative neuronal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Restricted energy intake and elevated calcium and phosphorus intake for gilts during growth. II. Gait characteristics analyzed from 16-mm motion picture photography.

Three groups of 96 crossbred gilts were weaned at 4 to 5 wk of age (average initial weight, 7.2 kg) and assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (ad libitum vs 75% ad libitum and 100 vs 150% of NRC daily Ca and P). The effects of dietary treatments on the gait characteristics of gilts were analyzed by 16-mm motion picture photography. At approximately 50 and 100 kg body weight (periods 1 and 2, respectively), pigs were photographed walking on a treadmill, and gait characteristics were measured from the motion picture film. Ad libitum-fed gilts were longer, taller, wider and deeper when compared with restricted-fed gilts on an equal age basis, but not when compared on an equal weight basis. Other side view and rear view measurements were inconsistently affected by energy level (ad libitum vs restricted) at the two time periods, and all measurements were unaffected by Ca and P level. Analysis of the side and rear view characteristics over time generally revealed undesirable changes (P less than .01) from 59 to 100 kg. Both left and right hock-joint deviation increased (P less than .01) from period 1 to period 2, when expressed on an equal weight basis, suggesting the development of joint weakness. The hind pastern angle and the angle at the hock-joint also increased with time (P less than .01), suggesting development of post-leggedness as pigs increased in age and weight. Correlation coefficients among the various photographic characteristics and structural soundness scores were generally very low. Long-term effects of the dietary treatments on structural development are under study.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Factors affecting the extraneuronal inactivation of noradrenaline in cardiac and smooth muscle.

1. The relation between density of adrenergic innervation, noradrenaline (NA) accumulation (as seen with the fluorescence histochemical method) in tissues incubated in a high concentration of NA, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) activities, were examined in a wide range of tissues from different species.2. Evidence was obtained to support the proposal that accumulation of NA in the non-innervated smooth muscle of the human umbilical artery and chick amnion is associated with very low activities of COMT within muscle cells.3. The wide variation in tissue accumulation of NA in adrenergically innervated muscles was confirmed. For example, in the rabbit atrium and rat vas deferens, there was high NA accumulation in vascular smooth muscle but not in other muscle cells. In the mouse vas deferens there appeared to be preferential NA accumulation in the outer longitudinal muscle in comparison with the circular muscle. In the ventricle of the rat and mouse individual muscle cells showed different degrees of accumulation of NA. Many unidentified fluorescent cells were revealed in the submucosa of the guinea-pig ureter following loading with NA. The highest activities of COMT were found in the rat vas deferens and the lowest in the rabbit vascular tissues; the highest activity of MAO was found in the guinea-pig ileum, and the lowest in the rat aorta.4. No simple relation between tissue activities of MAO and COMT and degree of NA accumulation was found. Possible directions for further investigation of the problem are discussed.

Amnion↗