Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M E Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to M E Shapiro.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The effect of barium on blood in the gastrointestinal tract.

The effect of various commercial barium sulfate preparations on blood coagulation, flocculation, and hemolysis was studied. There was considerable variation not only among different barium products but also among different concentrations of the same product. There is no good experimental evidence that barium enemas do stop bleeding. It is probably best to avoid the use of any enema in attempting to control major colonic bleeding; but if an enema is given for this purpose, a tap-water enema is better, as it contains no anticoagulants and is more effective in producing clot formation than most barium suspensions.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of a reperfusion catheter after angioplasty dissection for salvage of ischemic renal allograft: case report.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed on a right common iliac artery stenosis presumed to be causing renovascular hypertension in a patient with a renal allograft anastomosis to the right external iliac artery. This was complicated by an obstructive dissection resulting in acute threatening renal allograft ischemia. Renal blood flow was restored by means of a transluminal reperfusion catheter until corrective surgery could be performed. This case is reported because such catheters can be acutely helpful to the interventionalist, and they have not been described in the radiology literature.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of a model of intraabdominal sepsis for studies of the pathogenicity of Bacteroides fragilis.

Over the past eight years, a Wistar rat model for intraabdominal sepsis has been developed and used to document the role of obligate anaerobes in this infections. The ability of Bacteroides fragilis alone to provoke abscesses in this model system is due to a species-specific capsular polysaccharide. It has been shown that active immunization of rats with capsular polysaccharide of B. fragilis protects these animals against the development of abscesses after intraperitoneal challenge with this species. Passive transfer of hyperimmune globulin provided protection against B. fragilis bacteremia in nonimmune, challenged animals but did not confer protection against abscess development. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from immunized to nonimmunized animals resulted in protection against abscess following challenge with B. fragilis, a finding suggesting that a T cell-dependent immune response was involved in protection. It has also been shown that inbred, congenitally athymic OLA/Rnu rats that were actively immunized developed abscesses despite the presence of capsular antibody, as did 100% of unimmunized athymic control rats. However, no phenotypically normal, littermate control rats that were actively immunized developed abscesses. These data suggest that a T cell-dependent immune response is an important part of immunity to B. fragilis. Additional experiments are being performed to better define the immunologic and chemical basis for the protection afforded by immunization.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iothalamate ethyl ester as hepatolienographic agent.

In search of a hepatolienographic agent, the iothalamate ethyl ester particulate suspension was prepared with the average particle size of 1.5 mu in diameter. When mixed with plasma of different animal species, the physical properties of the particular suspension changed significantly. The nature of this difference is not understood but is probably related to protein-particle interaction in the different species. Doses of 550 mg iodine per kg body weight as a single intravenous infusion of the particulate suspension resulted in satisfactory opacification of liver and spleen in rats, followed by complete loss of radiopacity within three days. Larger doses resulted in the death of the rats within 12-14 hours. In general, the mice tolerated larger doses than rats, but there was very poor opacification of the liver, despite good opacification of spleen. Further work is being carried out to improve the suspension and to better understand the difference in behavior of the particulate suspension in different animal species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protein binding to iothalamate ethyl ester.

A major problem in the development of a particulate hepatolienographic agent is the prevention of particle aggregation upon contact with blood. When iothalamate ethyl ester, a particulate suspension for potential use as an hepatolienographic agent, was mixed with human or animal plasmas, it resulted in moderate to severe flocculation. In a study conducted to define the binding of plasma proteins to the iothalamate ethyl ester particles, plasma was reversibly adsorbed to various particle preparations. Fractions obtained by incubation of the particle-plasma complexes in buffers of increased ionic strength and decreased pH were subjected to polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The fraction containing the specifically bound proteins produced three distinct bands corresponding to prealbumin, albumin, and fibrinogen. Since the particles flocculated only when mixed with plasma, it is postulated that the fibrinogen-particle interaction is a major factor leading to particle agglutination.

Blood Proteins↗