Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M E Reid

Publications and source records attributed to M E Reid.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Positive direct antiglobulin test associated with hyperglobulinemia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

This study determined the prevalence and clinical significance of a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) observed in pretransfusion tests on red cells from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Transfusion service records showed that prevalence of a positive DAT on red cells was 18% (10/55) in AIDS patients compared to 0.6% in general hospital patients during a 2-year period (1981-1983). A similar rate of 18% (8/45) was observed in other hyperglobulinemic patients. Of the 10 AIDS patients whose red cells were DAT positive, four had IgG and complement, four had IgG, and two had complement alone on their red cells. The eluates were not reactive with normal red cells nor with penicillin or cephalothin-coated red cells. Clinically, no hemolysis was observed. In this series a positive DAT in AIDS patients appeared not to be associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The positive DAT in AIDS patients may be due to the hyperglobulinemic state.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Agglutination of an EDTA blood sample caused by an EDTA-dependent panagglutinin.

A novel example of an EDTA-dependent panagglutinin is described. A blood sample drawn into EDTA for a routine hematologic workup demonstrated strong agglutination due to EDTA-dependent panagglutinins. Previous examples have been detected because of discrepant ABO results. This is the first report of an EDTA-dependent panagglutinin that caused agglutination in the EDTA sample collection tube and a false positive direct antiglobulin test.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1985

Factors associated with positive direct antiglobulin tests in pretransfusion patients: a case-control study.

During routine pretransfusion testing, the presence of IgG on patient red cells is suggested by a positive autocontrol and confirmed by a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) using monospecific anti-IgG sera. Most IgG on patient red cells detected in this manner are of unknown etiology. We recently showed an association between elevated serum globulin levels and positive DAT with unreactive eluate in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the present study, we wished to determine whether elevated serum globulin levels contribute to some of the positive DAT encountered in pretransfusion testing of patients without AIDS. 76 patients with positive DAT were compared with 90 controls without IgG detected on their red cells during pretransfusion testing. The rate of elevated serum globulin levels was 75% in positive DAT cases versus 29% in controls (p less than 0.001); the odds ratio was 7.6. Elevated blood urea nitrogen levels occurred in 42% of cases versus 19% of controls (p less than 0.025); the odds ratio was 3.1. Cases and controls were not significantly different with regard to age, sex, race, quinidine usage, or hyperalimentation. Elevated serum globulin and blood urea nitrogen levels are significantly associated with a positive DAT with unreactive eluate in pretransfusion patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Use of a modified procedure for treating small amounts of red blood cells with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide.

Kell null red blood cell samples can be prepared using 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET). This article describes a modification whereby only three drops of a 5% red blood cell suspension may be AET treated. This procedure has been used routinely in the authors' laboratory for more than a year. One patient's serum contained anti-Kpb plus anti-C and anti-D. Tests with panel cells pretreated with AET made it possible to identify underlying Rh antibodies without using a panel of genetic Kpb negative red blood cells. Of 24 red blood cell eluates from patient sample with warm autoantibodies, one had specificity within the Kell blood group system. This small volume AET-treatment method is a quick screen for the differentiation of a Kell-related specificity from a non-Kell specificity of both warm autoantibodies and alloantibodies to high-incidence antigens.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1984

Use of preserved autologous red blood cells to absorb warm autoantibodies from the serum of patients receiving blood transfusion therapy.

This paper describes two practical methods for the preservation of pretransfusion patient red blood cells for antigen typing and autoabsorption during a course of transfusion therapy. Blood samples from patients who had serum warm autoantibodies and a positive direct antiglobulin test were collected, the serum frozen, and the red cell aliquots separately preserved by PVP-methanol or formaldehyde fixation. After storage and recovery, the IgG antibodies were dissociated and the cells used for absorption of the warm autoantibodies. The preserved red cells removed the warm autoantibodies as effectively as fresh red blood cells from the same patient. Preservation of autologous red cells prior to the onset of transfusion therapy provides an extension of the autoabsorption procedure and a simple alternative to differential absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

Simplified method for recovery of autologous red blood cells from transfused patients.

Separation of autologous and transfused red blood cells from recently transfused patients is necessary for the proper identification of any red blood cell alloantibody or autoantibody. We compared two methods of separation: the standard technic of microhematocrit centrifugation with phthalate ester solution, and a simplified method of microhematocrit centrifugation without the use of esters. Autologous red blood cells were concentrated in the top layer of the capillary tube by both methods. Separation efficacy was comparable, as determined by blood group antigen reactivity. Good separation was achieved only in samples drawn three or more days post transfusion. Microhematocrit centrifugation without the use of phthalate esters is a simple method for the recovery of autologous red blood cells from recently transfused patients that can be performed by any standard clinical laboratory.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1983

Autoantibodies mimicking anti-Jkb plus anti-Jk3 associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a primipara who delivered an unaffected infant.

A serum sample from a nontransfused 25-year-old Caucasian primipara contained weak anti-Jkb plus anti-Jk3. The direct antiglobulin test on the patient's red cells was strongly positive. Anti-Jkb was recovered in a heat eluate. An ether eluate contained anti-Jk3. Her red cells types as Jk(a-b+)Jk:3. The anti-Jkb and anti-Jk3 reactivity was completely absorbed both by red cell samples lacking and red cells possessing the corresponding antigens, indicating these antibody specificities to be of the mimicking variety. At 41 weeks gestation she delivered a normal, healthy infant with no detectable serum or cell bound antibody.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Absorption of warm autoantibodies using glutaraldehyde-treated human red cells.

Serum from patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia often contains antibodies which react with all red cell samples and interfere with compatibility testing. We describe a modification of the triple absorption procedure to absorb this "non specific" antibody reactivity from the patient's serum without decreasing the reactivity of clinically significant alloantibodies. The alloantibodies can thus be identified and compatibility testing can be performed. Red cells from selected outdated donor bloods were treated with ficin and fixed with glutaraldehyde. Samples from 79 patients whose red cells had a positive direct antiglobulin test and whose serum contained warm autoantibodies were absorbed with these cells. The results were in agreement with those obtained by warm autoabsorption or the triple absorption procedures which were used routinely in our laboratory. It was concluded that glutaraldehyde treatment of red cells does not decrease the sensitivity of the triple absorption procedure and in addition the method is practical, economical, and simple to use for personnel trained in blood bank techniques. It takes less time than standard procedures because the red cells can be prepared and stored until needed. It is particularly useful for testing sera from patients who have a low hematocrit or who have received blood transfusions in the past three months, situations in which the warm autoabsorption method may not be effective.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1981

Characteristics of an antibody causing agglutination of M-positive non-enzymatically glycosylated human red cells.

An alloagglutinin was identified in the serum of an M-negative diabetic patient. The agglutinin reacted with all commercial M-positive red cell samples. Routine crossmatches showed no incompatibility. This anti-M would only agglutinate M-positive red cell samples that had been incubated in 2% glucose for a minimum of 2 h at 37 degrees C, 2 days at 22 degrees C, or 1 week at 4 degrees C. Reactive red cell samples, when washed and incubated in saline, gradually became non-reactive. This antibody reacted optimally in low ionic strength solution at 16 degrees C for 20 min where MM red cells were agglutinated to a titer of 256, score 85; and MN red cells were agglutinated to a titer of 128, score 66. The antibody was denatured by 2-mercaptoethanol and was inhibited by a crude M tryptic isolate and by 2% glucose, but not by other sugars prepared at a 2% concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Positive direct antiglobulin test on thawed deglycerolized units of erythrocytes: prediction and prevention.

Occasional units of red blood cells develop a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) when frozen and deglycerolyzed by the Meryman method. The presence of cold autoagglutinins with a high titer at 4 degrees C or autoreactivity at room temperature were generally predictive of which units would develop a positive DAT, but neither was reliable in all cases. An indicator system is presented in which a DAT is performed on a segment that has been glycerolized and deglycerolized in a manner similar to the Meryman method for freezing a donor unit. This system is extremely reliable in predicting which units will convert from DAT-negative to DAT-positive during processing. The positive DAT of deglycerolized red blood cells was due to C4 and weak C3d binding. This complement binding can be prevented by addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or removal of plasma before the addition of glycerol.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1979

An evaluation of Re/coagulan for blood center tests.

Re/coagulan was compared to the standard calcium chloride (CaCl2) method for effectiveness of recalcification of plasma and whole blood. The time required for clot formation was determined. The effect of Re/coagulan on the specificity of hepatitis tests, direct antiglobulin tests, indirect antiglobulin tests, and agglutination tests were investigated. Hepatitis testing was performed on untreated serum and Re/coagulan-treated ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasmas by radioimmunoassay, reversed passive latex agglutination, and reversed passive hemagglutination methods. Direct antiglobulin tests were performed on untreated, CaCl2 treated, and Re/coagulan treated EDTA, acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), and citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) samples of whole blood. Red cell antibody specificity and titer were determined before and after clot formation by both the CaCl2 and Re/coagulan methods. Examples of agglutinating and sensitizing antibodies were tested. Antibodies directed against antigens in the Rh, Kell, MNS, Lewis, P, Kidd, Duffy, and Lutheran blood groups systems were investigated. Re/coaglulan didnot have a detrimental effect on the tests performed and compared favorably to the standard recalcification method.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

An unusual Rh immunization.

Anti-C was present in the serum of a woman of the Rh phenotype R1Wr (CwDe/cde), as far as we know the first anti-C to be found in a Cw person.

Antibody Formation↗