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Biomedical subjects

M E Otiniano

Publications and source records attributed to M E Otiniano.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Factors associated with insulin discontinuation in subjects with ketosis-prone diabetes but preserved beta-cell function.

AIM: To evaluate factors predictive of insulin discontinuation in subjects with ketosis-prone Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: One hundred and six subjects with ketosis-prone Type 2 diabetes were recruited during the index episode of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). All subjects were followed in a special clinic for at least 6 months. If the subject's glycaemic control reached specified glycaemic goals, exogenous insulin was gradually decreased until discontinuation. Baseline and follow-up characteristics were compared between the off-insulin and the on-insulin groups. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up period (915+/-375 days) insulin was discontinued in 47% subjects. Subjects in the off-insulin group were significantly older at the time of diagnosis of diabetes. In the off-insulin group the majority of subjects were newly diagnosed with diabetes. After 6 months of follow-up, subjects in the off-insulin group had significantly lower mean HbA(1c), higher mean C-peptide-to-glucose ratio and had more clinic visits per year. In the proportional hazard analysis, new-onset diabetes [hazard ratio (HR) 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.45], and a higher C-peptide-to-glucose ratio at 6 months of follow-up (HR 1.77; 95% CI 1.22-2.63) were significant predictors of insulin discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with ketosis-prone Type 2 diabetes, the best predictors of insulin discontinuation are having new-onset diabetes, and higher beta-cell functional reserve (as measured by the C-peptide-to-glucose ratio).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Ethnic differences in HIV testing.

Testing plays an important role in the early detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in the formulation of an appropriate management plan for patients who are infected with the virus. Statistical data from the City of Houston Health Department were reviewed for persons who were screened for HIV during 1996 to determine their demographic characteristics, counseling status after testing positive, and availability of medical insurance. Records of 29,085 persons were reviewed in Houston during 1996. Eight hundred eleven cases (3%) tested positive for HIV. Seventy-three percent of the HIV-positive persons received post-test counseling, and 82% of the HIV-positive persons had no health insurance. Of the total number of positive tests, 53% were African American; 28%, white; and 17%, Hispanic. Counseling after a positive test can be an important preventive measure for persons known to be at high risk for the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Abuse of Hispanic elders.

The nature, extent, and consequences of Hispanic elder abuse are described infrequently and often underconsidered. We reviewed information of 16,677 Hispanic elders living in the community who were abused between 1991 and 1995; these were based on valid cases reported to the Adult Protective Services (APS) office in Texas. Data did not include nursing home victims. Hispanic elders accounted for 20.6% of all elderly cases reported to APS. A 10% to 20% annual increase was seen over each of the past 5 years. Self-neglect was the most commonly identified form of abuse (63.2%). Cases with more than 1 allegation were common. The most common perpetrators (excluding self) were adult children (44.6%). Women were twice as likely as men to suffer abuse of any kind. Reluctance of victims to become involved in services to ameliorate their situations is a major barrier to effective intervention. Strategies to prevent abuse of Hispanic elders are needed and should focus on known characteristics of the abused and abusers.

Aged↗