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Biomedical subjects

M E Mount

Publications and source records attributed to M E Mount.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Diagnostic criteria for carbaryl poisoning in sheep.

Sheep were used to study the effect of carbaryl in liver, heart, and brain and on cholinesterase activity. Carbaryl residues greater than or equal to 0.01 ppm in the brain were present in all sheep dying after dosing. Sheep dying acutely had higher levels of carbaryl and greater than or equal to 50% inhibition of brain cholinesterase activity, while sheep with prolonged death had lower carbaryl levels and less cholinesterase inhibition. Prolonged deaths were associated with pulmonary embarrassment, enteritis, hyperthermia, and metabolic acidosis. Carbaryl was rapidly degraded in stored blood samples but was stable in dead brain tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Insecticide levels in tissues associated with toxicity: a literature review.

Extensive residue studies have been done with most of the organochlorine insecticides. The brain is a reliable tissue to determine lethal or exposure residues of the persistent organochlorine insecticides. Fewer studies have been done with organophosphate residues. residues of organophosphate insecticides are useful indicators of poisoning in tissues of exposed animals. Metabolite determination and identification is a necessary consideration since metabolic activation is required for several of the organophosphate insecticides. No studies of tissue residue evaluation of carbamate insecticides are available.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Brain cholinesterases activity in healthy cattle, swine, and sheep and in cattle and sheep exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides.

Cholinesterase activity of the cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum was measured in cattle, swine, and sheep. Mean activities of the individual brain parts were expressed as micromoles of acetylthiocholine iodide hydrolyzed per minute per gram of brain. Cerebrum values were 3.01, 3.88, and 3.32; brain stem values were 3.42, 4.48, and 3.93; and cerebellum values were 2.36, 2.89, and 6.77 for cattle, swine, and sheep, respectively. The average activity of the 3 brain portions from cattle, swine, and sheep was 2.93, 3.75, and 4.67, respectively. Cholinesterase activity was stable for several days at 25 C and under refrigeration or freezing conditions for longer periods. Cattle and sheep poisoned with organophosphate or carbamate insecticides had cholinesterase depression ranging from near 50% to 80%.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

An unusual occurrence of toxaphene poisoning in swine.

Ten of 15 sows developed an acute nervous disorder that resembled the effects of water deprivation-salt poisoning. However, a unique set of circumstances had permitted the environmental persistence of a toxaphene-lindane insecticide combination for approximately 1 month, with toxaphene toxicosis resulting. The diagnosis was based on the lack of lesions of salt poisoning and the finding of 4 ppm of toxaphene in the cerebellum and 0.3 ppm of toxaphene in the serum of 1 of the 2 sows that died.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microprocedure for determination of carbaryl in blood and tissues.

A microprocedure was adapted for the extraction and cleanup of carbaryl from blood and tissues of animals poisoned with this insecticide. Ball-mill extraction using acetone and methylene chloride, removal of lipid material by a freeze-out procedure, and florisil microcolumn cleanup were employed. Derivatization of carbaryl with heptafluorobutyric anhydride in the presence of trimethylamine allowed rapid processing for gas-liquid chromatographic separation on 3% OV-17 and electron-capture detection. Limits of carbaryl detection were 0.02 ppm for blood and 0.1 ppm for tissue. This procedure allowed simultaneous processing and sensitive detection of carbaryl in numerous small samples.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Production of antibodies and development of enzyme immunoassay for determination of monensin in biological samples.

Monensin is converted to monensin bromoacetate, which provides successful coupling to protein and allows production of monensin-specific rabbit antisera. A modified indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, which is highly sensitive (2 ng/mL) to monensin determination. Monensin recovery was 53-81% at 10 ppb in sera or urine, and 81-130% at 100 ppb in dichloromethane-extracted feces or water. Overall recovery was 98.8% with coefficients of variation from 6 to 52% over the range of monensin concentrations studied. This is the first immunoassay reported for the carboxylic ionophore antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoroacetate residues in ground squirrel and coyote tissues due to primary or secondary 1080 poisoning.

Fluoroacetate residues in various tissues of 1080-poisoned ground squirrels and coyotes are listed. The tissues (excluding the stomach) of squirrels poisoned with an average of 0.8 mg 1080/kg (low dose) contained from 182 to 1309 ppb fluoroacetate. In squirrels poisoned with an average of 4.8 mg 1080/kg (high dose), the tissue residues ranged from 535 to 9754 ppb fluoroacetate. Tissues from coyotes which died after consuming 1080-poisoned ground squirrels were also analyzed for fluoroacetate residues. Residues in these coyote kidneys and livers ranged from less than 10 ppb to 95 ppb fluoroacetate. The residue findings in this research indicate that a diagnostic assay for 1080 in tissues must be reliable at 10 ppb (or less) fluoroacetate.

Animals↗