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Biomedical subjects

M E Moore

Publications and source records attributed to M E Moore.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A continuous sampler with background suppression for monitoring alpha-emitting aerosol particles.

A continuous air monitor has been developed that includes provisions for improving the detection of alpha-emitting aerosol particles in the presence of radon/thoron progeny that are unattached to ambient aerosol particles. Wind tunnel tests show that 80% of 10-microns aerodynamic equivalent diameter particles penetrate the flow system from the ambient air to the collection filter when the flow rate is 57 L min-1 (2 cfm) and the wind speed is 1 m s-1. Uniformity of aerosol collection on the filter, as characterized by the coefficient of variation of the areal density deposits, is less than 15% for 10-microns aerodynamic-equivalent-diameter aerosol particles. Tests with unattached radon daughters in a flow-through chamber showed that approximately 99% of the 218Po was removed by an inlet screen that is designed to collect radon daughters that are in the size range of molecular clusters. The inlet screen offers the opportunity to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of energy spectra in the regions of interest (subranges of the energy spectrum) of transuranic elements and thereby enhance the performance of background compensation algorithms.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1990

Autocrine regulation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cell growth in vitro.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and not osteoarthritis (OA) synovial cells proliferate in serum-free medium, a finding that suggests that, in vitro, RA synovial cells may be stimulated to grow by the continuous autocrine production of at least one polypeptide growth factor. Adding monoclonal antibody 1D11.16, or rabbit polyclonal anti-tumor growth factor beta (anti-TGF-beta) antibodies (both neutralizing antibodies to TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2) to RA synovial cells, in culture, caused a significant reduction in cell growth, an effect not seen when other growth factor antibodies (platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], epidermal growth factor [EGF], or EGF receptor) were added to the culture medium. Taken together, these data are consistent with the concept that RA synovial cell growth in vitro is driven endogenous TGF-beta. Moreover, when EGF was added to the culture medium, this caused the numbers of RA, and not OA, synovial cells to increase significantly. This finding suggests that RA synovial cells are in G1 phase of the cell cycle; an effect that could be mediated by endogenous TGF-beta.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

Design of Stairmand-type sampling cyclones.

An empirical, nondimensional correlation of cut-point Stokes number (Stk0.5) and flow Reynolds number (Re) has been established for small Stairmand-type sampling cyclones. Four cyclones with body diameters of 38, 57, 89, and 140 mm were constructed and tested with monodisperse aerosols over a range of flow rates. The flow rates were chosen to provide preselected increments of particle Froude numbers. These flow rates for the four cyclones spanned the range of 9.4 to 1080 L/min and provided Froude numbers of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 6.0. The resulting Reynolds numbers (based upon cyclone body diameter and inlet flow rate) covered the range of 2.1 x 10(3) to 6.4 x 10(4). Sizes of monodisperse aerosols used in this study were from 3.0- to 17.4-microns aerodynamic diameter. The graphical correlation between cut-point Stokes number and Reynolds number showed there to be no effect of Froude number (for the range of Froude numbers tested). The data have been fit by a least squares procedure to a quadratic logarithmic function. In addition to development of the empirical correlation, the results of this study also provide data pertinent to the regional deposition of liquid particles within the cyclone and to the transmission of solid particles through the cyclone. The carryover of solid, 19-microns diameter particles is only 0.5% greater than that of liquid particles of the same size.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

Common tests for rheumatoid factors: poorly standardized but ubiquitous.

Rheumatoid factor (RF) test results reported in the College of American Pathologists' surveys for 1983-1985 lacked inter-laboratory reliability and mutual validity. Using the 4 most popular commercial kits for RF testing, participating laboratories consistently identified as "positive" or "negative" all but the weakly positive samples. A wide range of titers was reported on qualitative testing, however. One popular kit using a modified sheep red blood cell agglutination technique yielded results that differed markedly from those with other kits. Investigators apparently have paid little attention to these discrepancies. In Arthritis & Rheumatism, from 1983 to 1985, over 50% of the articles that referred directly or indirectly to RFs omitted details of RF methodology. Until a reliable RF test is adopted, it is essential that such methodologic information be specified.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Time dependency of endotoxin-induced resistance to transplantable tumors in mice.

A single injection of bacterial endotoxin induced cyclic changes of enhanced or reduced host reactivities, as determined in some measurements of the beneficial effects of endotoxin, such as immune potentiation or protection against lethal irradiation. The results described here show that endotoxin-induced resistance to subsequent challenge with transplantable tumors such as Lewis lung carcinoma or L1210 murine leukemia is similarly time dependent. While certain time intervals between endotoxin treatment and tumor challenge will provide significant protection, others will render the recipients highly susceptible to the same tumor. It was also observed that L1210-bearing mice have a lower resistance to endotoxin injections than tumor-free mice of the same strain.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Persistently low blood retinol levels during and after parenteral feeding of very low birth weight infants: examination of losses into intravenous administration sets and a method of prevention by addition to a lipid emulsion.

Very low birth weight infants have little storage of hepatic retinol and are, therefore, highly dependent upon an exogenous supply. The recent association between low serum retinol level and bronchopulmonary dysplasia and the persistently low serum levels of retinol during total parenteral nutrition prompted a prospective study to evaluate serial changes in serum retinol levels during 1 month of total parenteral nutrition (retinol dose 455 micrograms/d) and again during 1 month of total enteral feeding (retinol dose 200 to 300 micrograms/d) in the same infants. Infants were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of infants weighing less than 1,000 g (n = 24) and group 2 consisted of infants weighing 1,000 to 1,500 g (n = 17). Although initial mean levels of retinol were similar in both groups (14.8 +/- 0.9 and 13.5 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dL), there was wide variation between infants. In group 1 infants, there was a significant (P less than .01) decline in retinol level by the second week of life (to 9.2 +/- 1 micrograms/dL), which persisted during total parenteral nutrition, but increased to 13.4 +/- 2 after 1 week of enteral feeding. This level was maintained throughout enteral feeding. In group 2 infants, there was no significant change in serum retinol level throughout the study. During total parenteral nutrition, several infants had retinol levels below 10 micrograms/dL, a level associated with signs of retinol deficiency in older children. Because losses of retinol are known to occur in smaller volume total parenteral nutrition solutions, it was speculated that losses of retinol in our patients were due to retinol losses in the total parenteral nutrition delivery system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1987

Relapsing polychondritis syndrome associated with pustular psoriasis, spondylitis and arthritis mutilans.

We describe the first case of pustular psoriasis, HLA-B27 positive spondylitis, arthritis mutilans, and relapsing polychondritis. The relapsing polychondritis was mild and long undetected. Relapsing polychondritis is seen not uncommonly with a variety of inflammatory skin lesions. Because of this, and because many rheumatic diseases have been observed with relapsing polychondritis, we stress that relapsing polychondritis is a syndrome and not a unique disease. Relapsing polychondritis in mild form may be fairly common; a search for signs and symptoms of chondritis should be a routine part of the workup of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and dermatoses.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1986

Demonstration of glucuronic acid on brain glycoproteins which react with HNK-1 antibody.

Ependymins, a family of extracellular glycoproteins of goldfish and mammalian brain, were shown to contain N-linked complex glycan chains. These glycoproteins reacted with a monoclonal antibody, HNK-1 which recognizes a membrane antigen on a subset of human lymphocytes, myelin-associated glycoprotein glycoprotein epitope reacting with HNK-1 antibody was previously shown to include a terminal 3-sulfoglucuronosyl residue present in certain glycolipids of the nervous tissue (Chou et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1985, 128, 383-388). In this report, the presence of glucuronic acid in ependymins was demonstrated by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. We suggest that a 3-sulfoglucuronosyl residue may be the common epitope on HNK-1-reactive glycoproteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a pediatric multiple vitamin preparation for total parenteral nutrition. II. Blood levels of vitamins A, D, and E.

This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the American Medical Association Nutrition Advisory Group (NAG) recommendations for intravenous vitamin A, D, and E dosages for infants and children. Patients studied included 18 preterm infants (group 1) and 26 term infants and children (group 2A) receiving total parenteral nutrition for 2 to 4 weeks and eight infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition for 3 to 6 months (group 2B). Term gestation infants and children up to 11 years of age all received the same dosages (those that were recommended by the NAG for children weighing more than 10 kg). Preterm infants received 65% of these doses. In group 1, cord blood alpha-tocopherol levels were less than 0.22 mg/dL in seven preterm infants (reference value = 0.29 +/- 0.04), but mean levels increased to 1.65 +/- 0.17 mg/dL after four days of treatment. Eight infants consistently received additional vitamin E orally (80 to 150 mg daily), and their levels increased to 2.18 +/- 0.26 mg/dL by four days of study and to 3.49 +/- 0.57 mg/dL after 3 weeks. Oral supplementation in the preterm infants appeared to be unnecessary because intravenous vitamins alone maintained levels above 1.1 mg/dL. In group 2, alpha-tocopherol levels were maintained within the reference range. Patients receiving lipid emulsions containing substantial quantities of alpha-tocopherol had significantly higher blood levels than patients receiving lipid emulsions containing little alpha-tocopherol (P less than .01). Mean 25-OH vitamin D levels were maintained above or within the reference range in groups 2A and 2B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1984

Chronic pain: inpatient treatment with small group effects.

Fifty-one patients who completed a multidisciplinary, inpatient, pain control program, in groups of three or four persons, were studied before and after treatment. Like most patients with chronic pain, many were hypochondriacal, depressed, and hysterical, in addition to being severely disabled. There was a significant decrease in scores for pain, disability, and hypochondriasis after treatment. At six-month follow-up, as compared with pretreatment assessments, pain was still significantly improved and more patients were employed or planning for employment. A patient's failure to improve depended in part on whether other members of his inpatient treatment group also failed to respond. Patients who responded to treatment despite being members of groups where others failed to respond, were less hypochondriacal than other responders. As social factors play an important role in the etiology of the chronic pain syndrome, treatment programs should be designed to capitalize on these social influences.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tuberculous arthritis of the shoulder: delayed diagnosis aided by arthrography.

Tuberculous arthritis of the shoulder was not diagnosed in an 80-year-old man with Addison's disease until the appearance of a draining abscess in his arm. Initially signs, symptoms, x-rays and laboratory studies were consistent with calcific tendonitis and degenerative arthritis. Then an arthrogram demonstrated a connection between the shoulder joint and the abscess. A high level of suspicion for tuberculous arthritis should be maintained in an elderly patient whose past medical history is suspicious for tuberculosis and whose articular complaints are chronic.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

DR framework antigens and 63D3 antigens on human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages.

The expression of surface antigens on human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages was compared using the monoclonal antibodies 63D3, which react with monocytes, and OKIa, which reacts with DR framework antigens. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorter analysis revealed that 71.5 +/- 4.6% of peripheral blood monocytes reacted with 63D3 and showed a uniform distribution of binding. Alveolar macrophages also reacted with 63D3 and displayed uniform binding. Furthermore, the relative fluorescence intensity was very similar to that of monocytes. These data suggest that 63D3 antigen expression is similar on peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages and may be a stable marker in the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Analysis showed that 45.8 +/- 4.9% of peripheral blood monocytes reacted with OKIa and showed a nonuniform distribution of binding, while 74 +/- 8.4% of alveolar macrophages reacted with OKIa and exhibited uniform binding. The relative fluorescence intensity of alveolar macrophages which were reacted with OKIa was significantly greater than that of blood monocytes (P less than 0.001). Size analysis suggested that alveolar macrophages express approximately five times more DR antigens per unit surface area than do peripheral blood monocytes. The expression of DR antigens on the alveolar macrophage surface suggests an important role for macrophages in antigen presentation in the lung.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1981

Paralumbar muscle activity in chronic low back pain.

Muscle spasm is often considered to be a prominent feature operating in chronic low back spin syndrome (LBP). The present study compared levels of paralumbar muscle activity, determined by an electromyogram (EMG), for LBP patients and normal subjects during periods of rest and voluntary muscular contraction. The resting state EMG measure did not differ in the 2 groups. However, when attempting to relax the low back while contracting other muscle groups, LBP patients exhibited higher mean levels of low back muscle activity as compared to the non-pain group. These results would suggest that such "cocontraction relaxation" procedures may provide a viable behavioral technique for assessing and possibly treating functional backache thought to be symptomatic of muscle spasm. Previous studies employing feedback and progressive relaxation techniques have trained subjects to reduce muscle tension in the resting state. Results of the present study suggest that the acquisition of "resting level" relaxation may be of little benefit to patients who exhibit excessive muscular tension while performing daily tasks. Rather, to maximize the likelihood of beneficial results, training would be better directed at relaxation of the low back during activity of other muscle groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of antisera to beta and gamma goldfish brain proteins on the retention of a newly acquired behavior.

The metabolism of 3 brain cytoplasmic proteins (alpha, beta, and gamma) increases markedly when goldfish acquire a new pattern of behavior. Antisera specific to beta and beta + gamma proteins were prepared and injected into the fourth ventricle of the brains of trained animals at 8 and 24 h after the initiation of training. When tested 3 days later, such goldfish (N = 98) could not recall the training; whereas trained goldfish (N = 97) receiving non-immunized rabbit serum had complete recall of the behavior. Also no amnesia was obtained in control experiments in which trained goldfish were injected with an antiserum to a neural surface membrane protein NS-6. The fact that antisera to beta + gamma had no toxic effects was demonstrated by injecting them prior to training; no effects on the rate of acquisition and recall of the behavior was found. The antisera to beta + gamma were effective in inhibiting recall of the training when they were injected any time between 3 h up to 48 h after training; no effect was obtained at 72 h post training. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that beta and gamma might have some functional role in the plasticity of the CNS.

Animals↗