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Biomedical subjects

M E Miller

Publications and source records attributed to M E Miller.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Closed Zickel nailing.

A closed technique for Zickel nail insertion decreases morbidity, blood loss, and operative time. The Zickel intramedullary nail was originally developed as an open fixation device for fractures of the proximal third of the femur and subtrochanteric area. The open technique requires a lengthy incision, moderate blood loss, and time for insertion. For pathologic or impending pathologic fractures in sick patients, such a major operation is undesirable. The closed technique has been used successfully in five impending pathologic, three pathologic, and two traumatic subtrochanteric fractures. For these ten patients, the average operating time was one hour and 28 minutes with an average blood loss of 400 ml, a reduction of 40 minutes and 460 ml, respectively, over other available data. Time to ambulation and length of hospital stay are comparable to fractures treated openly. The closed technique is ideal for impending pathologic fractures, but may also be applicable to any pathologic or traumatic fractures that do not require an open procedure for alignment or supplementary fixation.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1984

Ontogeny of the immune system: fetal lamb as a model.

We examined adult sheep lymphocytes for the following surface markers: Surface membrane immunoglobulin, antigen identified by anti-sheep thymocyte globulin and complement receptors. We quantitated sheep peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and alloantigens, and demonstrated a neutrophil-directed chemotactic factor (N-LDCF) liberated by mitogen-stimulated sheep mononuclear cells. A comparison of adult and fetal sheep from 120-150 d of gestation demonstrated that 1) fetal sheep had adult proportions of surface membrane Ig+ and T+ lymphocytes but a significant decrease in FcIgG receptor+ lymphocytes, 2) proliferative responses of fetal sheep blood mononuclear cells to mitogens and alloantigens were comparable to adult responses, and 3) fetal mononuclear leukocytes failed to produce the lymphokine, N-LDCF, in response to mitogen stimulation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Anion-exchange chromatographic determination of bromide in serum.

In this liquid-chromatographic method for the determination of bromide in human serum, an important and unique feature is pre-analysis ultrafiltration of the sample, which effectively removes proteins. The chromatographic system consists of an anion-exchange column (Whatman Partisil SAX 10-micron particles), an isocratic phosphate-buffered mobile phase, and ultraviolet detection at 195 nm. The absolute detection limit, 0.6 ng of bromide, makes this method the most sensitive assay for serum bromide yet reported. The day-to-day CV ranged from 1.6% to 4.9%. Analytical recovery of bromide added to serum samples ranged from 96.2% to 108.8%. Data on bromide in serum are presented for adults and newborns and for adults given bromide orally.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plastid translation in organello and in vitro during light-induced development in Euglena.

Plastids were isolated from dark-grown Euglena gracilis, from cells exposed to light for 3 h, and from normal, light-grown cells. Plastid protein synthesis was then measured either in organello, by incorporation of [35S]Met into isolated plastids, or in vitro, by programming wheat germ, reticulocyte, or Escherichia coli translation systems with RNA isolated from the plastids. Specific and total rates of protein synthesis in organello increased during light-induced development about 100-fold. In contrast, specific mRNA activity of plastid RNA increased no more than 3-fold, and the estimated total mRNA activity of plastids increased less than 10-fold. Protein synthesis in plastids appears therefore to be subject to strong regulation at a level other than that of transcription superimposed on weak transcriptional regulation. The synthesis of the large subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase in particular appears to be under translational control. There is also qualitative evidence for regulation. Most plastid mRNAs, as indicated by translation in vitro, electrophoresis, and fluorography of their translation products, increase with light-induced development as a coordinate set. A second or proplastid set can be detected in RNAs from immature plastids, but not from mature chloroplasts. A few mRNAs appear only later in development, corresponding to a delayed set. Most translation products measured in organello also appear to belong to the coordinate set, a few to the proplastid and delayed sets, and a further few to a transient set, which appears only early in development.

Euglena gracilis↗
PubMed1983

Acetylator phenotype in human bladder cancer.

The acetylator phenotype of 26 bladder cancer patients and 26 controls was determined by the sulfamethazine method to evaluate whether patients with the slow acetylator phenotype have a greater susceptibility for bladder cancer. This hypothesis has been suggested by experimental animal and human epidemiological observations. Of the 26 bladder cancer patients 12 (46 per cent) had the slow acetylator phenotype compared to 18 of 26 controls (69 per cent). Within the bladder cancer group there was no striking excess of the slow acetylator phenotype when subgrouped by occupational and smoking history. Our results show no significant association between the slow acetylator phenotype and human bladder cancer.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1983

Movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes: an elastimetry analysis.

By utilizing the technique of cell elastimetry, which measures the negative pressure required to aspirate human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into a micropipette, a correlation between PMN deformability and cellular movement is confirmed. The effects of the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-met-leu-phe) on the deformability and chemotaxis of PMNs have been investigated, and a relationship between peptide concentrations and PMN deformability, which parallels the effects of the peptide on filter (chemotactic) studies, has been established. Experimental evidences indicate that alterations in PMN deformability occur as a natural consequence of stimulation of PMNs with a chemoattractant and that cellular deformation is a prerequisite to PMN movement. Introduction of this analytical technique into the study of PMN movement disorders has already yielded significant insights which implicate a membrane-associated abnormality intrinsic to the impaired motility of neonatal PMNs. This technique can, therefore, serve to provide a sensitive probe with which to dissect the various perturbations of PMN dysfunction. Cell elastimetry can also be utilized to generate quantitative information on mechanical and deformability properties of PMNs; such information is needed for the establishment of a rheological model (for PMNs) which can assist the analysis of almost every functional problem involving PMNs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Incidental orienting tasks and the recall performance of acutely intoxicated subjects.

An incidental-learning paradigm employing a semantic and phonetic orienting task was used to determine whether poor recall performance by intoxicated subjects is due to a storage deficit resulting from a superficial analysis of the presented materials. Forty-eight male, heavy social drinkers served as subjects. Both recall and latency measures closely replicated past research using similar orienting tasks. Intoxicated subjects did not differ significantly from sober subjects in the speed or accuracy with which they answered the orienting questions. Despite the apparent similarity in processing, intoxicated subjects consistently recalled fewer words. It was tentatively suggested that alcohol-induced retention deficits may be due to a reduction in breadth rather than depth of processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Are there unexploited possibilities for the therapeutic use of radioactive and stable isotopically labeled DNA precursors and extracorporeal irradiation of the blood in treatment of leukemia?

The radiobiology of tritium and iodine-125 is reviewed. The killing of cells and apparent beneficial effect of tritiated thymidine in human leukemia are described. The reasons for considering the use of tritiated thymidine and/or 125I deoxyuridine to attack leukemic cells in sanctuaries are discussed. Photon activation therapy as a method to improve effectiveness of extracorporeal irradiation of the blood is presented showing that one can in principle substantially increase the radiation dose to the leukemic cells and reduce the dose to red cells in transit through the irradiator.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Radiation exposure and associated risks to operating-room personnel during use of fluoroscopic guidance for selected orthopaedic surgical procedures.

Because of the increased use of fluoroscopic guidance techniques in certain orthopaedic surgical procedures, surgeons and other operating-room personnel who are involved in these procedures are voicing growing concern over possible associated radiation health hazards. Using thin-layer lithium fluoride chips for thermoluminescence dosimetry, we directly measured the radiation exposure encountered by the primary surgeon during seven operative procedures that were done utilizing fluoroscopic guidance techniques. Dosimetry studies were also carried out using a tissue-equivalent phantom model to determine the directions of maximum scatter radiation. These studies indicated that the standard protective apron that is commonly worn during the use of fluoroscopy provides adequate protection to most of the body; however, the surgeon is exposed to significant levels of scatter radiation to the head, neck, and hands, Dosimetry studies showed that positioning the fluoroscopic beam vertically to the fracture site of the supine patient, with the x-ray source posterior to the patient, provided the lowest levels of scatter radiation to the surgeon in the normal working position.

Fluoroscopy↗
PubMed1982

Phagocyte chemotaxis in the perinatal period.

Cross-sectional and limited sequential studies of neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis were done using cells isolated from cord blood and peripheral blood of 2- to 6-day-old neonates and infants at 4 and 6 months of age. These studies show that cord blood phagocyte chemotaxis is comparable to adult values, whereas phagocyte chemotaxis at 2-6 days of age is significantly lower than adult (P less than 0.01) or cord (P less 0.01) chemotaxis values. At 6 months of age, phagocyte chemotaxis is still low compared to adult values (P less than 0.01).

Adult↗