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Biomedical subjects

M E Lean

Publications and source records attributed to M E Lean.

100 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Dietary intake in pregnancy. A comparison between 49 Cambridgeshire women and current recommended intake.

The mean daily nutrient intakes from dietary sources of 49 pregnant women in the third trimester of normal pregnancy were assessed using a 7-day weighed inventory method and standard food tables. Mean daily intakes of all major nutrients reached DHSS recommended levels, with the exceptions of energy (2065 kcal/8.65 MJ), proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate (48 per cent), calcium (1047 mg), and vitamin D (2.58 micrograms). These results are in agreement with those of comparable published studies and lend support to suggestions that some of the increased requirements in pregnancy may be being met by physiological adaptation, without the need for greatly increased dietary intakes, or for indiscriminate vitamin and mineral supplementation. For seven women with low weight gain (less than 8 kg at 36 weeks; mean 6.97 kg), mean daily intakes of most nutrients were lower, and were below recommended levels for energy (1770 kcal/7.4 MJ), ascorbic acid (47.4 mg), vitamin D (2.18 micrograms), calcium (980 mg), and iron (10.5 mg). Proportional intakes of carbohydrate (50 per cent) and dietary fibre (20.1 g/day) however, tended to be higher in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Interval between insulin injection and eating in relation to blood glucose control in adult diabetics.

In a survey of 225 diabetics treated with insulin 24 (10.6%) claimed never to have received advice concerning the interval between insulin injection and eating. Of the remainder, 67 (33%) admitted disregarding advice and using shorter intervals. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) difference between the reported frequencies of clinical hypoglycaemia in patients using different intervals. The effects on glucose control of intervals between insulin injection and breakfast of zero, 15, 30, and 45 minutes were studied for periods of one week in 11 patients with type I diabetes who were receiving twice daily injections of monocomponent porcine insulins and high fibre, high carbohydrate diets, using standard home blood glucose monitoring techniques to measure blood glucose concentrations each morning. The delay of 45 minutes resulted in the lowest frequency of hypoglycaemia and the most acceptable pattern of glucose concentrations measured one and two hours after breakfast and before lunch. Combining results obtained at these three times, the mean increment in blood glucose concentration was smaller after allowing a delay of 45 minutes than after delays of zero (p less than 0.001), 15 (p less than 0.03), and 30 (NS) minutes. A delay of 30 minutes resulted in smaller mean increments in blood glucose concentration than did delays of zero (p less than 0.001) and 15 (NS) minutes. These results suggest that this aspect of diabetic management may be neglected, with important consequences for blood glucose control. An increase in delay between insulin injection and eating to 45 minutes would be a simple and safe way of improving blood glucose control in at least the 37% of the diabetic population surveyed in this study who currently allow less than 15 minutes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Glycaemic effects of bread and marmalade in insulin-dependent diabetes.

The glycaemic responses of 12 C-peptide negative insulin-dependent diabetics were studied following four breakfasts with different carbohydrate sources. Total energy content of the meals was the usual for each subject, carbohydrate supplying 55% and fat 32%. The meals comprised: wholemeal bread with margarine; white bread with margarine; marmalade made with sucrose, and cheddar cheese; and marmalade (22% of total energy) on wholemeal bread with margarine. The study demonstrated powerfully that there were no statistically significant or clinically relevant differences between the meals in post-prandial glucose peak elevation, or in incremental area under the blood glucose curve to 120 mins. On these grounds, sucrose, in amounts considered acceptable to the general population, need not be prohibited from diabetic diets.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

An assessment of ciclazindol in stimulating thermo-genesis in human volunteers: a detailed metabolic study.

Seven normal-weight young men lived for seven weeks in a metabolic unit on a diet (12 per cent protein, 30 per cent fat) equivalent in energy content to that calculated from a previous seven-day weighted intake. Three different doses of ciclazindol and a placebo were given for a week each on a Latin Square double-blind cross-over basis. At the end of each experimental week the subject occupied a whole-body indirect calorimeter at 26 degrees C for 36 h. Heart rate was monitored and a strict time-table of activity defined. Appetite and mood were assessed throughout the study period. Faecal and urinary energy excretion were used to define metabolisable energy intake. Multiple regression analysis showed a small but dose-dependent increase in energy output with the drug. This effect was present during the daytime when the subject was active and fed but not at night when he was lying still in bed. Heart rate rose significantly in both the day and night, and sleep was shortened. Appetite was suppressed; however, all but one subject maintained the diet. In conclusion, ciclazindol in man affects appetite, has a general arousal and a small thermogenic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Uncoupling protein in human brown adipose tissue mitochondria. Isolation and detection by specific antiserum.

A protein of Mr 32 000 has been isolated from human infant brown adipose tissue mitochondria following the procedure used to purify the uncoupling protein from rat brown adipose tissue mitochondria. A specific antiserum has been raised against the human 32 kDa protein, and used to detect it by probing mitochondrial proteins separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein is present in large amounts in brown adipose tissue but is undetectable in human liver, heart or white adipose tissue. It has strong immunological cross-reactivity with rat brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1983

Ciclazindol: an oral agent with weight reducing properties and hypoglycaemic activity.

In a single blind crossover study, ciclazindol, 10-(m-chlorophenyl)-2, 3, 4, 10-tetrahydropyrimide (1, 2 alpha) indol-10-ol hydrochloride (Fig. 1), has been found to have hypoglycaemic action, and to produce reduction in appetite and weight. The mode of action appears to be different from either biguanides or sulphonylureas. Side-effects were few and mild. Metformin 500 mg b.d. had comparable hypoglycaemic effect but did not suppress appetite. Ciclazindol may be useful as a mild oral hypoglycaemic agent for obese patients, and would be suitable for once daily administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of rat brown-adipose-tissue mitochondrial uncoupling protein by radioimmunoassay: increased concentration after cold acclimation.

A specific antiserum has been raised against the 32 000-mol.wt. uncoupling protein from the mitochondria of rat brown adipose tissue and a sensitive radioimmunoassay for the protein has been developed. The uncoupling protein is present in large amounts in brown adipose tissue; its concentration is increased substantially by cold acclimation. The protein has not been detected in the liver, heart, or parametrial white adipose tissue of rats.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obesity, weight loss and prognosis in type 2 diabetes.

Medical records were reviewed of all 263 Type 2 diabetic patients from the Aberdeen diabetic clinic who were known to have died in 1985 or 1986. Mean age was 65 years (interquartile range 57-75 years) at diagnosis and 72 (66-80) years for men, 75 (72-83) years for women, at death. Life expectancy at age 65 was 35% less than published figures for the general population. Analysis of survival in 233 patients who lived more than 1 year (189 overweight) using stepwise multiple regression indicated as significant (p less than 0.05) adverse independent variables: age at diagnosis, presence of clinical ischaemic heart disease at diagnosis, plasma glucose at diagnosis; and as significant favourable variables: oral hypoglycaemic drug therapy, weight loss in the first year, and an interaction between weight loss and BMI for patients with BMI greater than 25 kg m-2. Changes in fashions over the years are likely to have biased these results towards including oral hypoglycaemic therapy and excluding the expected adverse effect of smoking. Mean weight loss at 1 year was 2.6 kg for those with BMI 25-30 kg m-2, 6.8 kg with BMI greater than 30 kg m-2, following standard dietetic advice. For the average patient each 1 kg weight loss was associated with 3-4 months prolonged survival.

Aged↗