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Biomedical subjects

M E Curzon

Publications and source records attributed to M E Curzon.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Dental health and salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in a group of children with heart defects.

One-hundred children aged 2-16 years who were attending the Outpatients Department of the Yorkshire Regional Cardiac Centre were examined for dental caries, gingivitis, plaque and calculus. A control group of 100 children was also examined. A saliva sample was taken from each child in the study group to assess the level of Streptococcus mutans colonization. Comparing study and control groups, dental caries experience (dmft) was significantly higher only in the primary teeth of 5-9-year-old children in the study group, and there were no significant differences in gingivitis, plaque or calculus. The S. mutans count was found to be positively correlated to the number of decayed teeth in the study group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A study to compare the effectiveness of temazepam and a chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine combination in sedating paediatric dental patients.

The study compared the effectiveness of temazepam and a mixture of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine in sedating 20 young children aged 20 to 60 months (mean age 38.7 months). All the children exhibited negative behaviour during a screening visit and required at least two visits for restorative treatment with the use of sedation. The children were assigned randomly to receive either 50 mg/kg of chloral hydrate with 25 mg of hydroxyzine or 0.3 mg/kg of temazepam for the first visit, and the alternate regimen for the second visit, in a double-blind manner. Pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation levels were monitored before, during and after the operative procedures. All the treatment sessions were video-recorded and evaluated independently by three paediatric dentists for the degree of crying, movement, sleep and overall behaviour during specific procedures and at specific time intervals. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the two pharmacologic regimens with regard to crying, movement, sleep and overall behaviour. No significant difference in behaviour was found related to either the order of administration of the drugs or to the sex of the patients. It was concluded that 0.3 mg/kg temazepam and a mixture of 50 mg/kg chloral hydrate with 25 mg hydroxyzine had similar sedative effects on the children receiving dental treatment.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1992

Fluoride concentrations of infant foods and drinks in the United Kingdom.

Fluoride analyses of baby foods were carried out using a microdiffusion technique, which was found to be reproducible and accurate with less than 8% error. Analysis of 113 baby foods and drinks showed a wide range of fluoride concentrations: 0.01-0.31 mg F/kg for baby milk products; 0.04-0.72 mg F/kg for meat products; 0.04-0.70 mg F/kg for cereals; 0.03-0.48 mg F/kg for vegetable products; 0.03-0.07 mg F/kg for fruits; 0.02-0.28 mg F/kg for desserts, and 0.01-0.51 mg F/l for baby drinks. None of the baby foods and drinks contained fluoride of a sufficiently high concentration to be of concern or likely to contribute to enamel mottling, when used in the normal way.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effectiveness of the yellow card warning system for paediatric cardiology patients.

Questionnaires were completed by the parents of 100 children with cardiac problems attending the regional paediatric cardiology clinic in Yorkshire. The parents' possession and knowledge regarding the use of a yellow card (warning parents and dentists of the need for antibiotic cover before certain dental treatment) was assessed. Only 57 per cent of parents reported that they had received a yellow card.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The efficacy of comprehensive dental care for children under general anesthesia.

A review of 80 children treated under general anesthesia for comprehensive dental treatment between 1984 and 1987 inclusive was carried out to assess the effectiveness of this type of care. A minimum 2-year follow-up period was used. This approach allowed the dentition to be restored in one visit. Preventive care and 'behaviour shaping' could then begin at subsequent visits to the dental clinic. It was found that 80% of the children needing further treatment at a later date accepted local anaesthesia and treatment in the normal way. Full coverage stainless steel crowns were significantly more successful (3% failure rate) than amalgam or composite restorations (29% failure rate). Vital pulpotomies also showed only a 2% failure rate.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1991

A study of the relationship between trace elements in saliva and dental caries in children.

About 8 ml of saliva were collected from each of 272 children, living in rural areas in North India, equally distributed into age groups 4-7 and 12-16 yr and stratified into low, moderate and high caries groups. The salivas were analysed for Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and for F with a fluoride-sensitive electrode. The elements Cu and F had a consistent, inverse relationship with caries experience. The concentration of Zn, Fe and Mn in saliva did not have any consistent relationship with caries experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of fluoride, lithium, and strontium on growth and acid production of mutants streptococci and Actinomyces viscosus.

Eight strains of mutants streptococci and two strains of Actinomyces viscosus were studied to determine (1) their relative sensitivities to fluoride, lithium, and strontium and (2) whether lithium or strontium interact to enhance the known antimicrobial effects of fluoride. Analyses of variance of the data revealed a major inhibition of growth and acid production by fluoride, but not by lithium or strontium. Fluoride (5 mg/l) inhibited cell growth of all strains tested by a mean of 17% and total titratable acid production by a mean of 31%. However, there were marked differences between the strains. Mean total titratable acid was inhibited by fluoride least with the A. viscosus strains (15%) and most with the mutans streptococci (34%). Although interactions among the elements were statistically significant, they were generally slight in magnitude.

Acids↗
PubMed1991

Dental caries experience in Ghana among 12-year-old urban and rural schoolchildren.

Children aged 12 years from two geographical regions in Ghana were examined for dental caries according to criteria of the World Health Organization. Urban and rural areas were included, the urban sample comprising 502 children attending both private (fee-paying) schools and government (non-fee-paying) schools and the rural sample 483 children attending government schools. A high proportion (78%) of the children examined were found to be caries free. The mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) value for the urban children was 0.7 with 68% caries free, whilst that of rural children was 0.2 with 88% caries free, a statistically significant difference. Most of the caries recorded involved the occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molars, mandibular teeth being the most frequently affected. There were no missing of filled teeth among rural children. The results indicate that, compared with earlier studies in Ghana, dental caries is not increasing in this age group. The DMFT values reported here are the lowest recorded since 1968.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Oral hygiene practices, oral cleanliness and periodontal treatment needs in 12-year old urban and rural school children in Ghana.

The aim of the present study was to inquire into oral cleaning practices, and to determine levels of oral cleanliness and periodontal treatment need among 12-year-old Ghanaian school children living in urban and rural areas. Of the 985 children examined, 38 per cent claimed to use a toothbrush, 31 per cent chewing sticks, 17 per cent plantain and 14 per cent the chewing sponge. In rural areas, traditional methods were preferred, and only 8 per cent used a toothbrush. On examination, oral debris was present in 84 per cent of the sample, and more than three quarters had calculus deposits. Children in urban areas, and particularly those attending private schools, had the cleanest mouths and the lowest periodontal treatment need. Multiple regression analysis showed that the social class background of the child, which reflects motivation and awareness for good oral health, was the most significant predictor for levels of oral cleanliness and CPITN, whereas the method or frequency of cleaning employed were not significant variables.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of fluoride absorption from swallowed fluoride toothpastes.

Eight adults ingested five different toothpastes with and without 1,000 ppm (1 microgram/g) fluoride added as NaF or Na2PO3F. The systemic fluoride absorption was estimated by by comparing the areas under salivary fluoride concentration curves produced after the toothpaste ingestion. Of the toothpastes investigated--chalk, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, silica or alumina with sodium monofluorophosphate, and silica with sodium fluoride--the fluoride absorption was found to be statistically significantly lower only from the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate toothpaste. Measuring changing fluoride levels in saliva appears to be an acceptable non-invasive technique for following systemic fluoride absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Interactions of selenium and fluoride on growth, glycolysis and survival of Streptococcus mutans GS-5.

The effects of low concentrations (1.0 mmol/l of selenite and seleno-dl-cystine were tested alone, or in combination with NaF, on growth, glycolysis, and survival of Streptococcus mutans GS-5. In batch culture, both selenium-containing compounds (1.0 mmol/l) inhibited the growth rate and final cell yield by 92% or greater; glycolysis, however, was not affected. The observed bactericidal action of selenite at 0.1 mmol/l was pH-dependent. Fluoride reduced the killing effect of SeO3 in the culture medium and in a lactate-acetate buffer system at pH 6.5, 5.0 and 4.0. These data indicate that selenium-containing compounds exert an antibacterial action on cells of S. mutans in a manner which leaves glycolysis unaffected.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cariogenic potential of foods. I. Caries in the rat model.

As part of a major study to identify cariogenic elements of foods, the cariogenic potential of 22 foods relative to sucrose (confectioners' sugar) was determined over six intubation rat caries experiments. Cariogenic potential indices were calculated for each food from sulcal and buccal-lingual caries based on both number and severity. Those foods with the lowest cariogenic potential indices were peanuts, gelatin dessert, corn chips, yoghurt, and bologna; with the highest cariogenic potential indices were sucrose, granola cereal, french fries, bananas, cupcakes, and raisins. There was no simple relationship between food sucrose content and caries. Enhanced cariogenic potential was associated with foods containing approximately 1% or more hydrolyzable starch in combination with sucrose or other sugars.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

An evaluation of the cariogenic potential of baby and infant fruit drinks.

The cariogenic potential of a range of fruit drinks was assessed on the basis of plaque pH by the plaque harvesting method. In addition, the inherent pH and titratable acidity of each drink was analysed. The effects of so-called 'no sugar added' and 'sugar-free' drinks were compared with a standard 10% sucrose drink for their effect on plaque pH in vitro, on a group of volunteers, using the Cariogenic Potential Index (CPI). All drinks had a low inherent pH and some a high titratable acidity. All the drinks also depressed the plaque pH below 5.5 within 5 minutes of drinking and had a CPI equal to or greater than a standard 10% sucrose solution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Interactions of zinc with fluoride on growth, glycolysis and survival of Streptococcus mutans GS-5.

Effects of zinc and/or fluoride on growth, glycolysis and survival of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 were examined in vitro. Zinc inhibited growth and glycolysis, and enhanced the antimetabolic activity of fluoride. Zinc alone had little effect on cell survival. During cell growth without pH control a protection from cell death was mediated by fluoride, which appeared to be caused by a higher final pH in the culture medium. When cell death was observed under controlled pH conditions in a lactate-acetate buffer at pH 6.5, 5.0 or 4.0, fluoride was bactericidal only at pH 4.0. However, the combination of zinc plus fluoride was strongly bactericidal at all pH values that were tested.

Acids↗
PubMed1989

An assessment of dental caries prevalence among Gujurati, Pakistani and white Caucasian five-year-old children resident in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire.

A number of recent studies have reported higher levels of caries experience in the primary dentition of Asian when compared with white Caucasian children. However, in order to take account of the diversity of socio-cultural and religious backgrounds, an Asian 'sample' should be specified. The present study examined caries prevalence among three distinct groups of five-year-old children, Pakistani Muslim, Indian Gujurati Muslim and white Caucasian. All were resident in districts of urban deprivation in Dewsbury. Significantly more of the 200 white Caucasian children examined were found to be caries-free (50 per cent) compared with 35 per cent of the Pakistani (n = 242) and 31 per cent of the Indian group (n = 159). Extensive caries was seen far more frequently in the Asians. Only 5 per cent of the white Caucasian children had rampant caries (dmft less than/= 10), but 13 per cent of the Pakistani and 21 per cent of the Indian group were so affected. Mean caries prevalence values were also higher among the Asian children. There was little difference in the levels of disease between the two Asian groups, except for rampant caries, which was higher among Indian children. All groups had more teeth decayed than treated. However, the white Caucasian girls had the lowest mean values of caries experience and the highest proportion of f/m teeth, indicating the most favourable level of restorative care. There was extensive untreated disease in all the Asian groups. The findings show that improved prevention and treatment facilities are required for young children, especially those from these Asian communities. Health education programmes and treatment facilities must be culturally acceptable and accessible. Both developments could be co-ordinated by the community dental service, the treatment facility most frequently used by these Asian communities at present.

Child, Preschool↗