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Biomedical subjects

M E Callender

Publications and source records attributed to M E Callender.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The effect of oral alcohol on gastroenteropancreatic hormones in volunteers.

This study has examined changes in gastrointestinal hormones induced by alcohol. Ten normal volunteers consumed an orange and carbohydrate-containing drink on two separate occasions, with and without 50g alcohol. There was a significant hyperglycaemia associated with alcohol ingestion but no difference was noted in insulin or gastric inhibitory polypeptide in the two groups. Gastrin release was stimulated by alcohol but pancreatic polypeptide release and N-terminal glucagon release were both suppressed by alcohol. There was no difference in release of secretin or C-terminal glucagon in either group.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Diversity of autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis.

The presence of autoantibodies in the serum of 110 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 50 with HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis (HBsAg- CAH) and 30 with HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis (HBsAg+ CAH) was assessed using two methods: indirect immunofluorescence on cells grown in tissue culture (HEp-2 cell line) or standard mouse tissue sections, and counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with soluble tissue extracts. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were found in 38% of sera from patients with PBC using HEp-2 cells compared with 10% using mouse tissue. A variety of staining patterns were detected including a pattern of multiple nuclear dots. In contrast, ANA was detected in 70% of sera from patients with HBsAg- CAH and 27% with HBsAg+ CAH. Using CIE four distinct antibody antigen systems were detected: Ro (SS-A), La (SS-B) and two new systems, designated XH and XR, reacting with extracts of human spleen and rabbit thymus, respectively. Correlation of the presence of antibody with clinical conditions confirmed the close association between anti-centromere antibody and sclerodactyly in patients with PBC and indicated an association between 'multiple nuclear dot' staining and the sicca syndrome in PBC. No association was found between the presence of either Ro or La antibody and the sicca syndrome in patients with PBC.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1982

Hepatitis B virus infection in medical and health care personnel.

Analysis of 51 cases of hepatitis B virus infection in health care workers admitted as patients to the liver unit over seven years showed three healthy carriers of hepatitis B virus, seven cases of fulminant hepatic persistent hepatitis, 17 cases of chronic active hepatitis (of whom 11 had cirrhosis), and five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. To date 11 of these patients have died. Only 15 of the 51 patients had a history of direct occupational exposure and only three patients could recall specific inoculation injuries. In contrast, the source of infection was apparent in 32 of 50 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatic failure or acute hepatitis B in nonmedical staff. Since specific inoculation injuries are not the usual mode of infection ion medical staff and since only a few of the patients who are hepatitis B virus carriers will be detected by selective screening of "high-risk" patients, the overall risk of infection can be reduced only by stricter precautions in the handling of any patient's blood and by the use of hepatitis B virus vaccines for medical staff at high risk.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Anticentromere antibody in primary biliary cirrhosis.

An autoantibody specific for the centromere region of chromosomes and recently detected in the serum of patients with scleroderma was found in ther serum of 10 (9.1%) of 110 consecutive patients presenting with primary biliary cirrhosis. It was found exclusively among those with scleroderma, giving a prevalence of 50% in that group, and all patients with telangiectasia or calcinosis had the antibody. It was not found in 80 patients with chronic active hepatitis, including the 'autoimmune' variety. The pathogenetic significance of anticentromere antibody is not yet established, but this study confirms its specificity for scleroderma in the context of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Antibody Specificity↗