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Biomedical subjects

M Dumont

Publications and source records attributed to M Dumont.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Ethanol perfusions during threatened premature labor. Special study of oxytocinase activity].

The anti-oxytocic effect of perfusions of ethanol have been studied in 19 cases of threatened premature labour. Ethanol has a muscle-relaxing action on the uterus which was demonstrated in 8 out of the 19 cases. Blood alcohol levels equal at least to 1 gm per litre seem to be necessary to have any chance of success and furthermore action has to be rapid and given in loading doses. There are secondary effects from ethanol perfusions which, the authors consider, considerably limit the use of this product in threatened premature labour. Furthermore, when levels of the ocytocinase effect on the serum was studied in 10 cases before and after transfusing the ethanol, the results showed that there was little likelihood that overactivity of ocytocinase could explain the lowering in the levels of oxytocins brought about by the use of ethanol.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1977

[Study of folic acid blood levels during estro-progestagen treatments].

When the blood levels of folates were estimated in 100 women following treatment with oestro-progestagens the following facts emerged : 1) There is no significant difference between the folate levels found in women on oestro-progestagens compared with a control population of the same age. 2) We have not found any evidence of frank folic acid deficiency in women on oestro-progestagens, but there have been slight drops in the levels of folates in women who show other reasons for folic acid deficiency than taking oral contraceptives. These are : troubles in absorption, salmonella, an increase in the need for folic acid in pregnancy, and failure of transport. Furthermore the incidence of lower levels in the control population was exactly the same as in the experimental population.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Hepatic storage and biliary transport maximum of taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate in the dog.

The purpose of this work was to validate for taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate the multiple infusion method of Wheeler et al. previously used for the study of hepatic sulphobromophthalein transport and to obtain numerical estimates of the relative storage capacity and secretory transport maximum of both bile acids. Experiments were performed in anaesthetized dogs after depletion of the endogenous bile acid pool. Bile was collected continuously to prevent recirculation of bile acids and to measure their secretion rates. Taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate were infused intravenously at 3 different rates and blood samples were collected every ten min to measure serum bile acid concentrations. Extrahepatic distribution spaces of taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate were measured by an isotope dilution method. Serum bile acid concentrations varied linearly with time during the last 30 min of each infusion period. A linear relationship was found between the calculated hepatic removal rate and the rate of change of serum bile acid concentration. The mean values of relative storage capacity were (in mumol.mumol-1.l-1.kg body weight-1) 0.16 +/- SD 0.07 for taurocholate and 0.08 +/- SD 0.03 for taurochenodeoxycholate. The mean values for secretory transport maximum were (in mumol.min-1.kg body weight-1) 4.81 +/- SD 1.24 for taurocholate and 3.56 +/- SD 0.60 for taurochenodeoxycholate. The values of secretory transport maximum with the multiple infusion method were only slightly higher than those obtained by direct measurement of biliary secretion. The values of relative storage capacity obtained during infusions resulting in decreasing plasma concentrations were usually lower than those obtained when the plasma concentration increased. This suggests that the limitations of the method previously noted for sulphobromophthalein may apply to bile acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Influence of bile acids upon biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion in the dog.

The relationship between taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate secretion and cholesterol and phospholipid secretion in bile was studied in anaesthetized dogs infused with graded doses of these bile acids. Cholesterol output was linearly related to bile acid output during both taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate infusions. On the average 1.45 nmol and 4.70 nmol of cholesterol were secreted per mumol of taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate respectively (P less than 0.001). A linear relationship was also observed between phospholipid secretion rate and taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate secretion rates. However, the amounts of phospholipid secreted per mumol of taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate (respectively 0.10 and 0.15 mumol) were not significantly different. Thus, bile was less saturated with cholesterol during taurocholate infusions than during taurochenodeoxycholate infusions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that micelle formation by bile acids is a major determinant of cholesterol and phospholipid secretion in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Seasonal variations in 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in cord blood of newborn infants].

An estimation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) by competitive proteic binding after silicic acid chromatography was performed in the cord blood of 130 neonates whose births were spaced throughout a whole year. The concentration of 25-OH-D3 is seen to rise regularly from May to August and then drops rapidly from September. The average value observed in the summer period (9,3 +/- 5,8 ng/ml) is worth twice the value of the cold season (4,7 +/- 1,7 ng/ml). A direct correlation can be seen ( y = 0,030 x + 1,68, r = 0,92, p less than 0,0001) between the average monthly rate (y: ng/ml) of 25-OH-D3 in the cord plasma and the number of sunny hours (x: hours/month) for the area concerned (Lyons, France) in the last month of pregnancy. This evidence suggests the possible existence of a relative vitamin D deficiency in the foetus and its possible cause as an aggravating feature in the hypocalcaemia of the neonate.

Female↗
PubMed1976

[Neurobehavioral study of colliculectomized monkeys].

A battery of neurological tests was administered to normal and colliculectomized monkeys to determine the effect of the lesion on visually guided behavior, acoustically guided behavior, general locomotor performance and affective behavior. The tests were given at one week and three months post-operatively. The behaviors of the animals were filmed and the results were derived from a careful analysis of the films. The operated monkeys showed important deficits on most tests. After three months a considerable improvement was noted in many functions. However, some behaviors were still totally or partially abnormal. An attempt is made to relate the completeness of the collicular resection and the duration of some of these symptoms.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of glycodihydrofuisidate on sulfobromophthalein transport maximum in the hamster.

The effect on sulfobromophathalein transport maximum (Tm) and biliary lipid secretion of sodium glyco-24,25-dihydrofusicate, a micelle-forming compound secreted into bile, has been studied in the hamster and compared to that of a physiological bile salt, sodium taurocholate. Biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion increased both during glycodihydrofusidate and taurocholate administration, an observation which suggest that both compounds increased th biliary secretion of micelle-forming compounds. In contrast, only taurocholate increased sulfobromophthalein Tm into bile, while glycodihydrofusidate administration decreased it. This observation suggests that the increase in sulfobromophthalein Tm observed during taurocholate administration is not the result of micellar sequestration. It could rather be the consequence of a specific effect of bile salts on the dye transport system.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Influence of phenobarbital on bile composition in epileptic patients.

The influence of phenobarbital on bile composition was studied in 13 patients with epilepsy, treated with the drug in doses ranging from 0.05 to 0.30 g per day during 4 months to 50 years. Fourteen normal subjects matched for age and sex acted as controls. Expressed as percent of total lipids, biliary cholesterol (9.2 +/- SD 2.7 in the controls, 9.0 +/- SD 2.5 in the treated patients), phospholipid (23.3 +/- SD 6.1 in the controls, 20.5 +/- SD 5.9 in the treated patients) and bile acid concentrations (67.5 +/- SD 8.1 in the controls, 70.4 +/- SD 7.4 in the treated patients) did not differ significantly in the two groups. When represented on triangular coordinates, bile from the treated patients was not separated from that of controls. These studies indicate that long-term phenobarbital administration in the doses used for the treatment of epilepsy does not modify biliary lipid composition and do not suggest that this drug may be useful in the treatment of cholesterol gallstones in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Alpha fetoprotein in umbilical cord blood].

Quantitative measurement of alpha-foetoprotein was made on the cord blood of 158 new-born of gestational age ranging between 15 and 43 weeks. The technique used was that of simple radial immunodiffusion of Mancini which made possible the exact measurement of A.F.P. in all the specimens apart from 3. The correlation coefficient between the A.F.P. level in cord blood and gestational age is significant (r equals 0,85 for a risk p equals 0,001). However, the degree of difference at a given point in pregnancy and the difference in levels found in certain cases of twin pregnancies, suggest that factors other than gestational age (certain complications of pregnancy, for example) may influence foetal A,F.P.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Central mechanisms of tremor in some feline and primate models.

For several years our interest has been in a postural Parkinson-like tremor at 4-6/sec. which can be produced in the monkey by lesions of the central nervous system. We have also studied the effects of harmaline, a drug which evokes or intensifies the Parkinson-like tremor in lesioned animals and which also induces a fine, generalized tremor at 7-12/sec. in normal animals. The results obtained so far indicate that these two types of tremor are generated by two independent central mechanisms which do not require the integrity of peripheral feedback loops. The experimental Parkinson-like tremor is generated by a thalamo-cortical mechanism while the olivo-cerebellar system is responsible for the faster "physiological" tremor. Similar tremor mechanisms may be involved in some movement disorders in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of lysine acetylsalicylate on biliary lipid secretion in dogs.

1. The influence of lysine acetylsalicylate on bile flow, erythritol clearance and bile salt, phospholipid and cholesterol secretion in bile was studied in unanaesthetized dogs fitted with a Thomas duodenal cannula. 2. Lysine acetylsalicylate induced a marked increase in bile flow and a parallel increase in erythritol clearance although the bile salt secretion remained unchanged; this suggests that the compound stimulated the formation of the canalicular (hepatocytic) bile salt-independent fraction of bile flow. 3. Lysine acetylsalicylate induced a significant decrease in biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion and the cholesterol saturation of bile was significantly reduced. 4. It is postulated that the decrease in phospholipid and cholesterol secretion resulted from the dilution of intracanalicular bile salts. This effect of lysine acetylsalicylate, and possibly of other bile salt-independent choleretics, may be of value in the treatment of cholesterol gallstones in man.

Animals↗