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Biomedical subjects

M Drlicek

Publications and source records attributed to M Drlicek.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Crohn disease in an AIDS patient].

We report on a 32-year-old homosexual AIDS patient with Crohn's disease of the ileocecal region. Radiographically the bowel of this region showed thickening of the wall and moderate narrowing of the lumen. Sonography showed an enlargement of the mesenterial lymph nodes. Due to mechanic ileus, ileocecal resection was performed. Histology of the resected bowel segment revealed extensive inflammatory changes throughout the wall and deep ulcerations, corresponding to changes in Crohn's disease. An underlying infection was histologically excluded. The immunologic aspects of Crohn's disease and of AIDS, and the differential diagnoses of Crohn's disease in AIDS patients, are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Expression of type VII collagen, the major anchoring fibril component, in normal and neoplastic human nervous system.

The distribution of type VII collagen was examined in the normal human nervous system, in brain tumour biopsies and in glioma cell lines by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In normal tissue, positivity was observed beneath choroid plexus epithelial cells and around pineal gland and pituitary gland cell nests, while other brain regions and peripheral nerves were negative. Expression was preserved in most related tumours (choroid plexus papilloma, pineoblastoma, pituitary adenoma). Scattered abnormal vessels showed neo-expression of type VII collagen in about half of the astrocytic and ependymal tumours. Glioma cells in situ were consistently negative for type VII collagen, whereas the glioblastoma cell lines were positive. Our results suggest that anchoring fibrils or at least epitopes of their major structural component are present in normal and pathological cerebral structures, indicating a unique distribution of type VII collagen in the nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cytomegalovirus infection of the brain in AIDS: a clinicopathological study.

Based on neuropathological findings, a retrospective case control study of 39 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and confirmed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the brain is presented. Since 1989, the incidence has increased progressively and, in 1994, CMV was the most frequent opportunistic central nervous system (CNS) infection. Of the patients with CMV infections of the brain 16 had one or more coexisting secondary opportunistic and/or tumorous lesions in the CNS. Cerebral involvement by CMV was more frequent in patients with multiple extracerebral organ infections, while 7 among the 39 reported cases showed isolated CMV infection of the brain. The evaluation of the clinical records of 21 patients revealed neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms in 10, while these were absent in 11. All of these patients revealed various types of cerebral lesions related to CMV infection: ventriculitis, focal lesions, and microglial nodule encephalitis. The extent and distribution of cerebral lesions showed no significant correlations with clinical, radiological, or laboratory findings. Further clinicopathological studies are warranted to recognize CMV infections of the CNS and to allow earlier and more efficient treatment of this rather frequent complication of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Anti-tumour therapy in paraneoplastic neurological disease.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes have attracted attention in recent years. Detection of auto-antibodies directed against CNS and PNS structures have suggested an autoimmune etiology. This review is based on reports from the past 10 years and summarizes the therapeutic results in 258 patients suffering from paraneoplastic neurological disease including paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis, sensory neuronopathy, cerebellar degeneration, motor neurone disease and stiff man syndrome. The results show that in some entities such as Lambert-Eaton syndrome successful treatment can be expected. In other syndromes such as subacute sensory neuronopathy or paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration therapeutic success varies from 5 to 10%.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Pneumoconiosis and systemic sclerosis following 10 years of exposure to polyvinyl chloride dust.

The case history is presented of a 58 year old man who was exposed to thermoplastic dusts, mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), for 10 years. Radiography and high resolution computed tomographic scans of the lungs suggested both pneumoconiotic and scleroderma-like lesions. Transbronchial biopsy revealed foreign body granulomas with macrophages laden with birefringent inclusions which ultrastructurally resembled PVC dust. Biopsy samples of thickened skin showed histological evidence of extensive fibrosis. During follow up Raynaud's phenomenon and oesophageal involvement developed. The antinuclear antibody titre was 1:640, and the Sc1-70 subset was positive. It is concluded that exposure to PVC dust may cause pneumoconiosis and secondary systemic sclerosis.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1995

[Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. Classification and diagnosis].

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes may be the presenting symptoms of cancer or appear during the course of the disease. Current knowledge of paraneoplastic syndromes is discussed on the basis of Henson and Urich's classification. The recognition of antineuronal antibodies in some neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes has had an impact on diagnostic possibilities. Additionally, there are new considerations relating to pathogenesis and therapy. Although the value and diagnostic yield of antineuronal antibodies are the subject of major discussion, they are already of significant diagnostic value in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1995

Expert consultation by use of telepathology--the Heidelberg experiences.

The benefits and constraint using visual telecommunication in pathology (telepathology) are described based upon the experiences of the authors for more than 4 years. The experiences include first trials in visual telecommunication to analyze image quality, transfer rates, handling of commercially available equipment, and need for routinely diagnostic work followed by routinely expert consultations in frozen sections. A quality control study on diagnostic reliability of bronchial carcinomas was performed later, and the diagnosticly different cases were reclassified by a panel of pathologists using visual telecommunication. The latest experiences are based upon routinely expert consultations in morphologically difficult cases by ISDN-based telecommunication. As a result, image quality and transfer rates are sufficient to permit efficient expert contribution to diagnostically difficult cases in 30-50% of transmitted cases in both common telephone lines and ISDN connections. No influence of various staining procedures, immunohistology, or in situ hybridization on image quality or transfer rates were observed. The area of transmitted images is still too small, and the reliability of ISDN lines is still not sufficient for remote control service in Germany. The handling of commercially available equipment needs to be improved; however, as a general result, telepathology will probably improve the diagnostic quality and access in histopathology within the coming years.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1995

[Herpes simplex virus type II infection as an exophytic endobronchial tumor].

We report the case of a 52 year-old homosexual AIDS patients suffering from Herpes simplex virus type II infection of the esophagus and the bronchial system. The chest radiograph revealed a homogeneous, well-defined consolidation of the right upper lobe. Gastroscopy showed an ulcer of the esophagus and gastritis of the antrum. Bronchoscopically, marked necrotizing tracheobronchitis and an exophytic tumour causing complete blockage of the apical segment of the right upper lobe were demonstrated. Histological examination of the biopsy specimens of the esophagus and of the bronchus revealed Herpes simplex virus type II infection of both organs. The patient was treated by acyclovir for 2 weeks. 6 weeks after the diagnosis of acute Herpes simplex virus type II infection had been established, the patient died as a result of a highly malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the cerebellum. Autopsy showed no remaining endobronchial tumour. Histological examination of the bronchus showed no evidence of viral infection or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. An endobronchial tumour caused by Herpes simplex virus type II infection has not been described up to now.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in 2 patients without indications for HIV infection].

We report on two patients with idiopathic CD4+ T cell depletion. A 26 year-old woman presented to us with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Despite combined antibiotic therapy parenterally the opacities increased in the chest X-ray. An open lung biopsy was performed and led to the histological diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Respiratory function was improved impressively by high dose parenteral cortisone administration. This patient showed a general lymphocytopenia with severe CD4+ T cell depletion (60(37%)/mm3 blood). The CT4+ T cell concentration increased during a follow up period of 14 months, but did not reach normal values. The second patient was a 33 year-old homosexual. He was admitted with a mucocutaneous fungal infection which was successfully treated by antifungal drugs. This patient demonstrated a transient CD4+ T cell depletion (350(32%)/mm3 blood). In both patients HIV type 1 and 2 infections were excluded by antibody- and p 24-antigen testing, polymerase chain reaction and virus culture. CONCLUSION. Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia differs from HIV infection in immunological profile, in the tendency to reversal of the CD4+ T cell depletion over time and in its better prognosis. It is unclear if this is a new syndrome and whether a transmissible agent, or possibly a genetically-determined reaction to noxious agents is responsible.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Aspects of telepathology in routinary diagnostic work with specific emphasis on ISDN.

Histopathological diagnosis is based upon visual information and additional clinical and environmental factors. Information can be transmitted over long distances in real time without difficulties. Thus, telecommunication is a technique which may be used in pathology. Several approaches have been performed to introduce telepathology into the daily work of pathologists. Histopathological images of intraoperative sections were transmitted between the Department of Pathology, Thoraxklinik, and the Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Baumgärtner Höhe, Vienna. The transfer time of one image lasted 1-2 minutes depending upon the time of the day; i.e. during telephone "rush" hours the transmission time increased from 1.1 min to more than 2.4 min. As an average, 2 different sections of the image at usually 2 different magnifications were transmitted. Parallel discussion of the images, and acoustic assistance in diagnostic classification or advice lasted for an additional average 3 min. A substantial assistance in the intraoperative classification of the diseases was achieved in 35-40% of cases. No breakdown of telephone lines or communication was observed, while this was the case for the telepathology trials performed by ISDN between the Department of Pathology, Thoraxklinik and the Department of Pathology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart. These trials included expert consultation of difficult paraffin embedded cases of various lung diseases. The transmission time of 1 image lasted an average 10 sec was the transfer of non average 4-6 images of the same case was required for substantial assistance in diagnostic classification. The value of the diagnostic assistance was confirmed by submission of the corresponding slides to the partner after termination of the telepathology conference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

France↗
PubMed1994

Intravascular lymphomatosis: a clinicopathological study of three cases.

In patients with intravascular lymphomatosis (IL) a broad spectrum of neuro-psychiatric disorders including dementia, focal neurological signs and seizures has been reported. Clinical diagnosis is difficult since neuroimaging findings are nonspecific. The clinical histories, biopsy and autopsy findings of three patients with IL, one with brain biopsy, are described. Two of them presented with rapidly progressive, fluctuating dementia. The third patient suffered from seizures followed by aphasia. Histology revealed large-cell lymphoma of the B cell type. The prognosis of IL, in general, is poor.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Spindle cell variant of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A 45-year-old male developed a transverse lesion of the spinal cord two years after resection of a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Laminectomy revealed a spindle cell tumor, immunohistochemically considered as leiomyosarcoma. Autopsy disclosed a spindle cell variant of an adenocarcinoma of the lung. The present report demonstrates that spindle cell formations can be found not only in squamous cell carcinomas but also in adenocarcinomas of the lung, and that metastases may be composed of this spindle cell component only.

Adenocarcinoma↗