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M Drake

Publications and source records attributed to M Drake.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cervical smear.

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Female↗
PubMed1990

The cervical smear. The cytopathologist's point of view.

An adequate specimen is fundamental to the practice of gynaecological cytology. This paper outlines the principles underlying the collection of the optimal smear. Such a specimen must contain adequate cells, both squamous and, in particular, glandular, and must not be contaminated excessively by blood or inflammatory exudate. Immediate and adequate fixation is also imperative.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1987

Human papillomavirus infection of the cervix in Victoria, 1982-1985.

Cytological evidence of human papillomavirus infection was present in 4.1% of the smear-tests that were received by the Victorian Cytology (Gynaecological) Service during 1982-1985. The prevalence rate among women was estimated to be 2.6% in 1984; for one-third of the women this was a change from their previous cytological status. The prevalence of papillomavirus infection was noted to vary with age and referral source; higher proportions were seen in the age group, 20-24 years, and in the cytological results of women who were attending either a sexually-transmitted diseases clinic or Aboriginal health cooperatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cytologic detection of human papillomavirus infection.

In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of human papillomavirus infection of the female genital tract. Since the primary diagnosis of this condition is almost invariably based on cytologic observations, the diagnostic criteria are of paramount importance. The diagnosis is usually based on the presence of koilocytes, or balloon cells, and dyskeratotic cells. Although these cells remain fundamental to the diagnosis, it is important to recognize other possible cytologic manifestations of the disease. Follow-up studies indicate clearly that any woman with cytologic evidence of HPV infection has a greatly increased risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Morphologic attempts to quantify this risk are unreliable. The studies described and quoted in this paper would suggest that all women with the cytologic changes of HPV infection, with or without evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, should be managed with extreme caution.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1986

Prospective evaluation of risk of cervical cancer after cytological evidence of human papilloma virus infection.

846 women with cytological evidence of human papillomavirus infection on their Papanicolaou smears in 1979 were followed for the subsequent development of cervical malignant disorders. Carcinoma-in-situ developed in 30 women during the next 6 years, compared with an expected number of 1.9 by general population incidence figures, giving a relative risk of 15.6. The risk was greatly increased (38.7) in women younger than 25 years when the cytological diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection was made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Self-injected retinal emboli.

Twelve patients with bilateral intraretinal talc emboli were examined. Each patient had self-injected large doses of methylphenidate (Ritalin) for one or more years. All fundi showed yellow-white particles in the macular area, and two eyes had reduced vision secondary to retinal vascular occlusion. The clinical syndrome, ophthalmoscopic appearance, and fluorescein angiographic findings of self-injected retinal emboli are presented, and the pathogenesis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Papanicolaou smears in Victoria: are the wrong women being screened?

While a mismatch is evident in the age distribution of women who are smear-tested by the Victorian Cytology (Gynaecological) Service (VC(G)S) and the women who are developing and dying of invasive cancer of the cervix, evidence is presented that the screened population have significant morbidity from precursor lesions. Women whose cervical cytological examination is undertaken by the VC(G)S have higher detection rates for carcinoma-in-situ than does the general population; a more than three-fold excess over the SA Cancer Registry rates is evident. During 1984 one in 148 of the women who were screened by the VC(G)S had histologically-proved dysplasia or carcinoma-in-situ in contrast with one in 5606 Australian women who were diagnosed as having invasive cancer of the cervix. These results indicate that the women who are currently screened should not be considered an intrinsically low-risk group for cervical malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality control measures for cervical cytology laboratories.

The results of three quality control measures for evaluating a cytopathology laboratory's performance in the diagnosis of cervical abnormalities are presented. The sensitivities of cervical cytology were estimated to be 95.5% or 93.1% (using two different methods of analysis) for the detection of histologically diagnosed invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and 60% for the detection of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix in 1983. The positive predictive values for a histologic diagnosis of neoplasia after cytologic reports of CIN III and invasive carcinoma were 92.5% and 99%, respectively. Repeatability of a negative cytologic result exceeded 98%. These results indicate that accurate cervical cytologic reporting can be achieved. Regular monitoring of the type described, which is both practical and reasonably comprehensive, is recommended for all laboratories.

Adenocarcinoma↗