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Biomedical subjects

M Dorner

Publications and source records attributed to M Dorner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Biliary elimination of beta-lactam antibiotics by the isolated perfused rabbit liver.

Biliary elimination of 15 beta-lactams was studied using a model of isolated perfused rabbit liver. During the perfusion period, the main liver functions were well preserved. The highest biliary concentrations were reached by antibiotics of the penicillin group, and the highest biliary recovery was observed with metampicillin, apalcillin and mezlocillin (46.5, 30.7 and 20.3%, respectively, of the dose administered). This technique was also suitable for estimating the degree of bio-transformation in the liver of the antibiotics studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Biliary excretion of apalcillin. Experimental study and evaluation in man].

Biliary excretion of apalcillin, a new derivative of the ureido-penicillin group, was investigated both experimentally and in humans. After adding 10 mg of this antibiotic to the circulating blood of an isolated rabbit liver perfusion model (n = 5), mean total apalcillin biliary recovery (0-3 h) accounted for 30.7% of the administered dose; the biliary peak averaged 686.0 +/- 135.9 micrograms/ml. In 5 healthy subjects, a mean maximum level of 1088 +/- 582 micrograms/ml was measured in the duodenal fluid collected during the 4 hours following an i.v. injection of Ig of apalcillin. In 10 cholecystectomized patients provided with T-tube drainage, after the same dosage, a mean biliary peak of 2093 +/- 859 micrograms/ml was reached at the third hour and cumulative biliary recovery of apalcillin over a period of 12 hours amounted to 12.1% of the injected dose. In 20 patients, undergoing biliary tract surgery, intra-operative assays performed 1 hour after i.v. injection of 1 g of apalcillin, showed simultaneous mean antibiotic activity of 65.5 +/- 5.0 micrograms/ml in serum, 3860 +/- 551 micrograms/ml in main duct bile and 2552 +/- 627 micrograms/ml in gallbladder bile. The results of these investigations were compared with data previously obtained under identical procedures with 13 other beta-lactam derivatives.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

[Insulin-dependent diabetes with acute onset. Remissions induced by early temporary blood glucose normalization].

Within 6 months of the acute onset of an insulin-dependent diabetes, remission of insulin-dependence was attempted in 30 hospital patients by strict control of glycaemia obtained in a few days with intravenous infusions of insulin, using a macropump. This was followed by an oral antidiabetic treatment, and the patients were considered in remission when metabolic control was achieved. By this method remission of insulin-dependence was obtained in 90% of the patients; it lasted for more than 1 year on average, and its degree seemed to depend on the time elapsed between the clinical onset of the disease and the beginning of the intravenous treatment but also, to a lesser extent, on the residual secretory capacity of the pancreas when this treatment was instituted. Thus, an intensive metabolic control increases the effectiveness of an oral treatment as regards both number of patients improved and duration of remission. When administered alone at the onset of the disease the oral treatment is only effective in about 30% of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Biosynthetic human insulin. Pharmacokinetic characteristics and activity in normal subjects].

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of intravenously injected (0.06 U/kg) human biosynthetic insulin of recombinant DNA origin and purified porcine insulin, both regular, were compared in 10 healthy volunteers. Both had identical immunological properties. Some of their pharmacokinetic features, such as total plasma clearance and bioavailability, were similar, but they appeared to differ in biological half-life, elimination rate constant and apparent volume of distribution. No appreciable difference was found between their hypoglycaemic activity and their inhibitory effect on endogenous insulin secretion. However, hyperglucagonaemia seemed to be less pronounced after human biosynthetic insulin than after purified porcine insulin. These findings are discussed by comparison with the results of other studies on human biosynthetic insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of middle-term gliclazide treatment on insulin secretion in non-insulin dependent diabetics.

Insulin secretion was studied in 12 non-insulin dependent diabetics during middle-term administration of the sulphonylurea gliclazide. Blood sugar, C-peptide and glucagon were also estimated during the intravenous glucose tolerance and arginine tests performed before and after therapy. After 3 months of gliclazide therapy (240 mg/day) in addition to a low carbohydrate diet, the intravenous glucose tolerance test showed a significant reduction in blood sugar levels and in the partial and total areas under the blood sugar curve, as well as an improvement in early insulin secretion, characterized by a significant increase in plasma C-peptide at 4, 10 and 20 minutes. Plasma glucagon levels were not affected by the sulphonylurea therapy. In the arginine test, blood sugar levels were lower at the end of the treatment period; plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon did not change significantly. In this study, plasma C-peptide has proved to be a better indicator of stimulated insulin secretion than plasma insulin levels. The scarcity of hypoglycaemic episodes during therapy with gliclazide may be related to the selective stimulation of early insulin secretion by this drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[C-peptide].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

C-Peptide↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of the biliary passage of beta-lactam antibiotics].

The present study is devoted to the biliary excretion of some beta-lactam antibiotics (6 derived from the penicillin group: Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Metampicillin, Carbenicillin, Mezlocillin, Apalcillin and 9 from the cephalosporin group: Cephalothin, Cephaloridine, Cephacetrile, Cefalexin, Cefazolin, Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor and Ceftizoxime). The biliary excretion of these antibiotics was assessed by 4 different procedures: 1) experimental study of their biliary elimination by a perfused isolated rabbit liver; 2) in humans, by evaluation of their passage: a) in aspirated duodenal fluid, b) in bile collected by external biliary drainage, c) and in bile obtained by puncture of the main bile duct and the gall bladder during surgery. The results of these different investigations were concordant and showed that the biliary excretion of Metampicillin, Apalcillin and Mezlocillin was definitely higher than that of the other studied beta-lactams; on account of their suitable antibacterial spectrum, these 3 derivatives should be used in preference for the treatment of biliary infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Prolonged treatment of sugar diabetes by subcutaneous insulin infusion using a peristaltic pump and an insulin solution concentrated to 100 Iu/ml].

The authors have treated 6 diabetic patients for at least 3 months with subcutaneous insulin infusion system using a peristaltic pump and a highly stable preparation (U 100 with physiological pH). Correct diabetic control was achieved in each case, during a cumulative period of 44 patients-months. The high stability of the insulin preparation allows a prolonged insulin storage in the pump, from 2 to 3 months without any change in the hypoglycaemic effect of the solution. Advantages and risks of this method are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Acquired remissions of insulin dependence in recent diabetes mellitus. Essential prognostic factors].

24 patients with recent diabetes mellitus (less than three years) were given an intravenous insulin infusion over a short period (84 to 252 hours) in an attempt to achieve a remission of their disease through rigorous normalization of blood glucose concentrations. After this treatment, strict control of diabetes mellitus was achieved with oral mediactions in 15 of the 24 patients. In 17 cases, onset of diabetes mellitus had been sudden and insulin was required immediately (acute cetosic diabetes: ACD); in 7 patients, signs of insulin deficiency had occurred only after seven months of hyperglycemia (secondary insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: SIDDM). A strong probability of achieving an insulin-induced remission exists only during the first six months of ACD. The success of the insulin infusion is partly dependent upon the residual beta cell function. During the remission, which lasts for more than 12 months in 50% of cases, control of diabetes mellitus is optimal.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1983

[Hemoglobin A1c and its variations in pregnancy].

Variations in haemoglobin A1c were studied at different stages of pregnancy in 306 non-diabetic women, using a specific method. It was found that HbA1c levels progressively decreased during the first 25 weeks of pregnancy, then remained stable. No correlation was noted between carbohydrate metabolis and Hb A1c levels. The new assay provides additional information on glucose tolerance in pregnant women and could be used to detect gestational diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical value of nephelometric assay of C-reactive protein].

Laser immunonephelometry is a sensitive, specific and rapid method for assaying plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). This "acute phase" protein has recently been shown to be of significance in the regulation of immunological responses. It is released from hepatocytes early during infection, inflammation or necrosis. Nephelometry provides a good means for detection, monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic efficiency in these conditions. The increase in CRP may precede the positivity of the usual biological tests and is of value in situations where these tests cannot be interpreted.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1983

Biosynthetic human insulin: pharmacokinetics and effects in healthy human volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenously injected biosynthetic human insulin (0.06 U/kg) and purified pork insulin, both regular, were compared intraindividually in ten presumably healthy volunteers. Some of the pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g., the area under the insulinemia curve, the total plasma clearance, and insulin bioavailability, were similar, whereas insulin biologic half-life appeared to be longer and the apparent volume of insulin distribution larger with BHI. No appreciable difference between the two insulins was observed as far as their hypoglycemic effect and secretory inhibition of endogenous insulin (expressed as C-peptidemia) were concerned, but reactive hyperglucagonemia was found to be less with BHI than with PPI. These findings are discussed in the light of our current knowledge of BHI.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy (author's transl)].

The development of the foetal and placental unit induces large changes in maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy. Oestrogen-induced hyperinsulinism is responsible for facilitated anabolism which take place during the first part of pregnancy. Accelerated catabolism occurring during the second part is due to the direct action of placental hormones, mainly of human placental lactogen. The latter is responsible for diminution of peripheral insulin activity. Hyperinsulinism, which is very important at this stage, facilitates an intense and rapid anabolism, mainly in the liver from where nutriments can be easily removed. Glucose and amino-acid uptake by placental and foetus are greatly increased by all these changes.

Blood Glucose↗