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Biomedical subjects

M Dooley

Publications and source records attributed to M Dooley.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is a new technique of assisted conception appropriate for women with normal fallopian tubes. As 60% of infertile patients have normal and patent tubes (idiopathic infertility, immune causes, male infertility and endometriosis) they can be treated with this technique which is both simpler and more successful than in vitro fertilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The increasing proportion of men with low earnings in the United States.

This study has provided an examination of recent changes in the lower tail of the male earnings distribution. Data from the CPS for 1967 through 1978 were used to analyze the increasing proportion of male workers with annual and weekly earnings below a fixed low earnings threshold. Our central purpose was to assess the extent to which the growth in the probability of low earnings could be explained by the more salient changes in the structure of the male labor force over this period. To this end, logit analysis was used to examine the roles of education, experience, cyclical conditions, and cohort size in explaining variations in the probability of subthreshold earnings, conditional on experience and education. The estimates generally yielded the expected effects. However, the most important findings from our analysis concern the trends estimated net of education, experience, unemployment, and cohort size. These variables appear to explain satisfactorily the recent growth in the proportion of men with low earnings among those with at least sixteen years of education. For all other educational categories, our independent variables were unable to account for a major portion of the growth in the probability of low earnings. Our results supplement previous findings of positive trends for mean annual and weekly earnings net of a similar set of independent variables. Hence, we have provided substantial evidence of stagnation in the lower tail of the male earnings distribution--a stagnation not shared by the average worker nor fully explicable by education, experience, aggregate unemployment, or the entrance of the baby boom cohort into the labor market. Investigation of alternative explanations for this phenomenon, such as changes in female labor supply or the structure of labor demand, is clearly warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Differences between the anthranilate-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferases of Salmonella typhimurium strains LT2 and LT7.

The anthranilate-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferases (PRT), coded by the second structural gene (trpB) of the tryptophan (trp) operon in strains LT2 and LT7 of Salmonella typhimurium, differ from each other in a number of parameters. These include the apparent Km values for their substrates anthranilic acid and 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, thermostability, sensitivity to substrate inhibition by anthranilic acid, as well as end-product inhibition by tryptophan and specific activity. The PRT of strain LT7 further differs from that of strain LT2 in that its apparent Km for 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate is three to seven times higher when associated with anthranilate synthase in the enzyme complex which catalyses the first two steps of tryptophan biosynthesis than in its free uncomplexed form, which the PRT of strain LT2 shows the same apparent Km for this substrate in both its free and complexed forms. These results confirm and extend the finding of Stuttard (1975) that strains LT2 and LT7 differ genetically form each other at a single site within region II of the trpB gene.

Anthranilate Phosphoribosyltransferase↗
PubMed1976

Spironolactone. I. Disposition and metabolism.

This study describes absorption, excretion, and metabolism of[20(-3)H]-spironolactone (SP) in 5 healthy men. After a single oral dose (200 mg + 200 muCi) of the drug given in alcoholic solution, the peak serum levels of the ethyl acetate-extractable tritium and the dethioacetylated metabolite canrenone were 763 +/- 400 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) and 415 +/- 145 ng/ml, respectively. These levels occurred within 3 hr. The serum half-life (T1/2) of the extractable materials was 37.3 +/- 6.53 hr. Canrenone levels declined in two phases. The T1/2 from 2.5 to 12 hr was 4.42 +/- 1.07 hr and from 12 to 72 hr was 16.8 +/- 2.75 hr. In the blood both SP and canrenone were confined largely in the plasma, and their protein binding exceeded 89% at concentrations of 550 and 710 ng/ml, respectively. In 5 days 31.6 +/- 5.87% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine and 22.7 +/- 14.1% in the feces. Unchanged SP was not detected in the urine. The major urinary metabolites were canrenone (5.04 +/- 2.83% of dose), 6beta-OH-sulfoxide (5.21 +/- 0.93% of dose), and canrenoate ester glucuronide (6.2% of dose).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Spironolactone. III. Canrenone--maximum and minimum steady-state plasma levels.

Steady-state plasma levels of canrenone have been examined in 23 healthy men who received repeated doses of spironolactone for 15 days. The dose regimens were 200 mg once a day and 50 mg 4 times a day. With both treatments the steady-state levels were reached after 3 to 4 days. With once-a-day treatment, the maximum and minimum steady-state levels were about 500 and 100 ng/ml, respectively. The minimum levels with treatment 4 times a day were about 200 ng/ml. The post steady-state half-life of canrenone with once-a-day treatment (19.2 +/- 6.57 hr) was longer (p less than 0.01) than the half-life obtained in the 4 times-a-day treatment (12.5 +/- 3.39 hr). The former half-life was similar to the log-linear phase half-life of canrenone in the single-dose studies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calfactant: a review of its use in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

UNLABELLED: Calfactant (Infasurt) is a natural bovine surfactant which has been evaluated for intratracheal use in the prevention and rescue treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. In 2 randomised, double-blind, multicentre clinical trials of prophylactic use, calfactant 100 or 105 mg phospholipid per kg bodyweight (mg/kg) reduced RDS incidence, RDS severity and mortality rates to a greater extent than colfosceril palmitate (Exosurf Neonatal) 67.5 mg/kg and was generally similar to beractant (Survanta) 100 mg/kg. Although the rate of mortality before discharge from hospital was significantly higher in infants with birthweights <600 g who received calfactant than in those who received beractant, this may not be a typical result. As rescue treatment, calfactant 100 or 105 mg/kg reduced RDS severity, but not mortality rates, significantly more than colfosceril palmitate 67.5 mg/kg or beractant 100 mg/kg in 2 randomised, double-blind, multicentre clinical trials. In addition, the duration of effect of calfactant as prophylaxis or rescue treatment appeared to be longer than that of beractant. In other randomised trials, prophylaxis was more effective than rescue treatment with calfactant, particularly in infants of < or =29 weeks gestational age. The incidence of pulmonary air leak events was lower with calfactant than with colfosceril palmitate (12 vs 22%) but was identical with calfactant and beractant (15% with either agent). The incidence of other complications associated with RDS was usually similar with all 3 agents in clinical trials in preterm infants. The incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage was significantly higher in 1 clinical trial, and that of septicaemia was significantly lower in another, with calfactant versus colfosceril palmitate, but the combined incidences of these complications was similar with the 2 agents when results from different trials were pooled. The incidence of acute adverse events (i.e. those which occurred during administration of the drug) with calfactant was similar to that with beractant and higher than that with colfosceril palmitate; the difference may been related to reduced RDS severity in calfactant versus colfosceril palmitate recipients. Acute adverse events were usually transient and not severe. CONCLUSIONS: Calfactant is a well tolerated natural bovine surfactant which is effective in the prevention and treatment of RDS in preterm infants. Further investigation is needed to more clearly determine the efficacy and tolerability of calfactant relative to that of other surfactant preparations. When more data are available, it is likely that calfactant will be useful as an alternative to beractant (at least in infants of birthweights >600 g), and calfactant may be preferred over colfosceril palmitate in both the prophylaxis and treatment of RDS.

Biological Products↗