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Biomedical subjects

M Dittrich

Publications and source records attributed to M Dittrich.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Representation and transfer of labeled reference structures in X-ray, CT and MR imaging].

PURPOSE: Image information obtained with different methods should be exactly transferable to profit fully from the single advantage the different imaging method has in localisation and for further treatment planning. Prominent anatomical points serve as reference structures (landmarks) for the transference of imaging information and details of situation. Aim of this study is the improvement of reproductability by comparing topographic relations, measurements and positioning in different imaging-procedures with supporting marking aids/surface markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: By using pharmacological capsules and plastic tubes filled with oily contrast medium containing iodine (Lipiodol; Byk Gulden), marking aids were developed which can be seen in similar definite limits within the framework of MRI-, CT- and conventional X-ray-Imaging. RESULTS: A method to view these new, artificial markers in combination with individual, anatomical landmarks is introduced. The marking aid/surface marker, fixed on anatomical reference structures on the skin, does not result in an additional burden for the patient. CONCLUSIONS: The new, artificial markers are also useful for making other structures recognizable, such as anatomical relation lines, center of the portal and edges in planning imaging for radiotherapy treatments and are used as leading and reference structures to compare localisation and extent of lesions in X-ray-, CT- and MRI. Marking aids/surface markers do not have to be changed in different imaging methods.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging↗
PubMed1992

Ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid for a district hospital in the tropics.

To improve diagnostic capabilities, an ultrasound unit was installed at a major hospital in Wad Medani, Sudan. During the implementation period (October 1986 to March 1987) of ultrasound service, 863 patients were examined cooperatively by Sudanese and German physicians. The service covered internal medicine (47.5%), obstetrics and gynecology (31.6%), surgery (12.5%), and pediatrics (8.4%). Pathologic findings were seen in 75% of the patients. In obstetrics, the rate of pathologic findings was 40%. Five hundred eighty-three pathologic findings were detected in organ systems that constituted the primary indication for ultrasonography (of a total of 1,009 indications). The clinical benefit of ultrasonography was evaluated in 289 randomly selected patients in a standardized questionnaire completed by the attending physicians. The final clinical diagnosis was established or substantially revised in 21.5% of the patients, based on the ultrasonographic report. The previously reported diagnosis was supported in 69.5% of the patients. Medical management was directly influenced in 26% of the patients. We conclude that the clinical benefit of ultrasonography at a district hospital in the tropics is substantial, providing cost-effective, immediate therapeutic benefits in 25% of the patients examined. The technique thereby contributes to better and more rational patient management in institutions with limited resources.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Renal growth in patients nephrectomized for Wilms tumour as compared to renal agenesis.

Compensatory growth in 27 undiseased congenital solitary kidneys and in 31 solitary kidneys in patients with Wilms tumour was monitored in long-term follow-up studies by ultrasound volume biometry. In congenital solitary kidneys hypertrophy was not detectable at the time of birth. Parenchymal mass increase achieved 188% of the volume of a healthy kidney within at least 4 years of life and afterwards paralleled the physiological growth documented in healthy kidney pairs. Disease-free kidneys in Wilms tumour patients all developed a similar 180% volume augmentation within 2-4 years after nephrectomy, irrespective of the chosen mode of radiation and single or triple chemotherapy. The age of the patient at onset of surgical and concomitant conservative therapy determined slight differences in kinetics but not in degree of compensatory growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[MR tomography of thoracic and abdominal tumors in childhood and adolescence].

MRI was performed on 25 infants, children and adolescents with thoracic and abdominal tumours. The specific contribution of MRI to diagnosis, treatment planning and therapy monitoring is demonstrated. In some cases the T1 and T2 relaxation times were determined; this may clarify the different signal intensities of tumour and neighbouring organs and contribute to differentiation between Wilm's tumour and neuroblastoma.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Pediatric research in the tropics: pros and cons].

Despite all efforts, the research activities of German paediatricians in the sectors of tropical medicine and provision of medical services in developing countries still cannot be described as adequate. An increased level of commitment is therefore required of each individual paediatrician.

Child↗
PubMed1987

[Proton spin tomography in childhood. Experience with 407 studies in 275 children and adolescents].

Over a period of three years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mostly neuroradiological, was performed 407 times in 275 children. It was found that MRI largely replaced previously applied imaging methods for solving oncological and neurological problems. The sensitivity of the method is poor for demonstrating small calcifications (computed tomography is better), for diffuse meningeal lesions (lumbar puncture is better), and diffuse spinal-canal metastases (myelography is better). The great advantage of the method lies in its low x-ray exposure because of the low field strength, and it can therefore be safely used repeatedly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Long-term follow-up of children with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound after treatment of brain tumors.

This paper compares the results of MRI and US follow-up examinations of 46 children who had undergone surgery for brain tumors. The cases included 42 posterior fossa tumors, 3 supratentorial tumors and 1 upper cervical spinal cord tumor. US examination proved to be less specific and sensitive than MRI. However, when a "bone window" is available, US is, because of the ease of its application, better suited for frequent routine examinations. Long-term follow-up should, therefore, consist of frequent regular US examinations combined with yearly MRI examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[31-phosphorus spectroscopy of osteogenic sarcoma. Possibilities in therapy control in comparison with imaging methods].

31-phosphorus spectroscopy was used to control the results of chemotherapy in a patient with an osteogenic sarcoma. The findings were compared with conventional imaging methods (DSA, MRT and conventional radiography). The imaging methods do not provide reliable information regarding growth of tumour tissue during treatment, whereas the determination of phosphate concentration in the tumour provides direct information concerning tumour metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Long-term studies of children following therapy of brain tumors using nuclear magnetic resonance tomography and ultrasound].

Within two and a half years 82 magnetic resonance imaging and 155 ultrasound examinations were performed in 46 children after treatment for brain tumors. In 42 cases the primary tumors were located in the posterior cranial fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging required sedation in 14 and anesthesia in 3 children. In 6 cases ultrasound was insufficient due to partial closure of the calvarian defect. In the remaining cases ultrasound was falsely negative in two cases, and falsely positive in one case. Magnetic resonance imaging was falsely negative in one case. Sequelae of chemo- and radiotherapy were only depicted by magnetic resonance imaging. For follow-up of tumors of the posterior cranial fossa after surgical treatment ultrasound is the method of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

NMR follow-up studies of CNS-tumors in infancy and childhood.

Sixteen children with brain tumors, fifteen of which were located in the posterior cranial fossa, were followed-up postoperatively with NMR. Four recurrences of medulloblastoma and one recurrence of an ependymoma were found. Three children showed signs of known therapeutic sequelae such as hygroma, atrophy and dilatation of the subarachnoid space. Previously unreported, boundary layer lesions were found in 8 children. The etiology of these lesions and their differentiation from tumor recurrence are discussed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Studies of Cd, Zn and Cu levels in human kidney tumours and normal kidney.

The distribution of Cd, Zn and Cu was analyzed in nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosol cellular fractions of renal tumours and normal surrounding kidney tissues by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The normal kidney tissues were separated into cortical and medullary parts. A significant decrease of the Cd-levels was found in all cellular fractions from normal kidney to tumour tissues (hypernephroma). The Zn values varied strongly. We noted a slight decrease of Zn levels in renal tumour. The Cu concentration in the nucleus of kidney tumours was significantly increased.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Real-time ultrasound in Crohn's disease: characteristic features and clinical implications.

Thirty-two children with Crohn's disease were evaluated by real-time ultrasonography. The typical pattern of Crohn's disease caused by bowel wall thickening is the "bull's eye phenomenon", the elongated tubular stiff bowel loop with narrowing of the lumen and the small bowel conglomerate tumor. In indefinable abdominal complaints sonography may lead to the correct diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of similar sonographic features and the limitations of ultrasound in gastrointestinal disease must be considered. In proven Crohn's disease the findings in follow-up match the clinical course and may delineate complications, such as ileus, abscess, hydronephrosis, gallstones or involvement of parenchymal organs, as seen in 15 patients. Thus ultrasound will restrict repeated x-ray studies and support patient management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonographical aspects of urinary schistosomiasis: assessment of morphological lesions in the upper and lower urinary tract.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of 213 patients with urinary schistosomiasis in different age groups was performed in an endemic area of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The results were compared with 94 age matched controls without urinary schistosomiasis. In patients the bladder showed thickening of the wall, polypoid lesions of the mucosa and bladder wall, calcifications and urinary retention. Urinary tract obstruction, predominantly unilateral, was demonstrated. The lesions increased in severity with the intensity of infection, parallel to an increase in ova excretion. Children aged between 8 and 19 years were most severely affected. Pathological lesions of the upper urinary tract were rare in patients over 25 years of age. The combination of morphological abnormalities was interpreted as being specific for urinary schistosomiasis as they did not occur in the control group. It is suggested that real time ultrasonography may be used to identify morphological lesions in urinary schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Renal sonography in the differentiation of upper from lower urinary tract infection.

Increase in renal volume and asymmetry in kidney size determined by sonography proved to be a valuable diagnostic criterion for differentiation between infections of the upper and lower urinary tract in 175 children: acute bacterial interstitial nephritis (79) and lower urinary tract infection (96). Kidney volume in acute pyelonephritis increased to an average of 175% of normal. In 71% of cases, affected kidneys showed an enlargement of at least 2 SD when compared with a group of 325 children without kidney pathology. Most impressive kidney enlargement was seen during the first year of life. In 50% of cases, acute pyelonephritis caused a bilateral increase in renal size and/or distinct volume asymmetry. Kidneys of patients with lower urinary tract infections had a mean volume of 99.68% and a physiologic volume asymmetry comparable to normal kidneys.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Kidney size in childhood. Sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume.

Kidney size was determined in a sonographic study of 325 children without kidney pathology. Real-time ultrasound equipment adjusted for the pediatric age group, provided standardized renal biometry. Outer kidney diameters showed a linear correlation to somatic developmental parameters. Renal volume was established by the formula for an ellipsoid and showed good correlation to body weight. Growth charts for kidney length and volume in childhood are constructed and provide the basis for objective intra- and interindividual determination of renal size.

Adolescent↗