Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Dickson

Publications and source records attributed to M Dickson.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Appropriate dental training.

Primary dental health care has emerged as an important concept, particularly in the poor countries of the world, where dentistry as currently practised has not proved capable of controlling oral disease. Training for primary dental health care provision must be shaped to meet the specific needs of countries and communities. It demands a reorientation of those objectives which are conventional in dental teaching and the development of new attitudes on the part of teachers. Training must aim at self-development in which the ability to achieve simple goals is to the fore. The formulation of plans, the activities which result from them and the evaluation of their effects must be central to the teaching philosophy. Training must aim to develop competency in individual workers. This can best be generated by the use of field exercises. Teachers must not just deliver packages of information but they should develop a climate favourable to self-learning and use resources in a manner which allow students to recognise their own growth and development. Appropriate methods for achieving these goals are reviewed.

Community Dentistry↗
PubMed1985

Interhospital variations in hospital pharmacy markups.

The relationship between pharmacy pricing policies and overall hospital objectives was analyzed for 64 South Carolina hospitals in 1980. Using published hospital data, a linear regression model was developed to test the relationship between a pricing variable (the charge-to-cost ratio for each pharmacy) and five independent variables: demand (defined as hospital occupancy rate), industry structure (defined as affiliation or nonaffiliation with a multihospital system), level of hospital use by Medicare and Medicaid patients (defined as the proportion of hospital admissions for which reimbursement was based on costs), the contribution of nonoperating revenue, or subsidization (defined as the proportion of hospital nonoperating revenue to total expenses), and the contribution of operating revenues of departments other than pharmacy (defined as the proportion of non-pharmacy charges to total charges). In these predominantly nonprofit hospitals, the mean (+/- standard deviation) pharmacy markup was 1.99 +/- 0.49, with considerable inter-hospital variation. The level of hospital use by Medicare and Medicaid patients had the greatest influence on variation in markup, indicating that hospitals were responding to cost-based payer reimbursement practices by raising charges in areas with a high cost base, such as pharmacy. Nonoperating revenue and operating revenue of departments other than pharmacy also were significantly related to the charge-to-cost ratio. The relationship between the charge-to-cost ratio and either occupancy rate or affiliation with a multihospital system was not significant. The hospitals studied set pharmacy revenues to contribute to overall target income, but pharmacy prices were not set to achieve maximum profits by responding to changes in demand.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1984

The fine structure of the proximal growth plate of the avian tibia: vascular supply.

The vascular supply to the proximal tibial growth plate of the 7 weeks old chicken is described using various vascular markers. In addition the ultrastructure of metaphyseal and epiphyseal vessels as well as their supporting tissue is reported. The metaphyseal arterioles terminate in large calibre vessels which have occasional endothelial gaps and no basement membrane or supporting cells, and therefore could be classified as venous sinusoids. In contrast the epiphyseal arteriole terminates in a capillary-venule plexus lined by an attenuated and fenestrated but continuous endothelium. This paper definitively establishes that communication of epiphyseal and metaphyseal vessels across the avian growth plate does not occur. The eosinophilic streaks which often join these two vascular supplies have been described ultrastructurally and would appear to be remnants of the 'retreating' epiphyseal vessels.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community hospital-based obstetrical primary nursing.

Just because primary nursing care traditionally has not been offered during the childbearing year does not mean there is no need. Prenatal classes, which were once a rarity, are now well accepted as a necessary and important service to expectant parents. Nurses have a responsibility to document the need for, and illustrate the impact of, nursing interventions. Nursing needs to accept the challenge for the sake of improved patient care. Supporting the expanding family during the crises of the child-bearing year has the potential for improving that family's functioning. The community stands to gain from anything that improves that functioning of the family unit.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pricing of pharmaceuticals: an international comparison.

Four types of pricing policies and regulations are recognized: product price control, as practiced in France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain; reference pricing, as in Germany and the Netherlands; profit control, as in the United Kingdom; and no control, as in the United States. The system in Canada is a hybrid of product price control and reference pricing; a producer may set any price for a new product as long as it is within guidelines established by a federal government review board. The implications of each system are discussed. Various prescription reimbursement policies are used to control consumer and government expenditures for drugs. Expenditure is a function of many factors, including price, consumption patterns, reimbursement policies, and social, economic, and political values.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of child care proximity on maternal reports of separation anxiety in employed nurses.

PURPOSE: To determine whether employed nurses with young children, aged 6 months to 4 years, experienced differences in maternal separation anxiety related to proximity of child care. METHOD: A comparative design was used to survey 29 nurses who were mothers of young children and were employed at two work sites: one with on-site child care services and one without child care services of any kind. The Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale and The Child Care Satisfaction Instrument were the data collection tools. Scores were compared by t-test. FINDINGS: There were no significant differences in maternal separation anxiety between the two groups nor in the level of satisfaction with the child care arrangement. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should address questions of who most benefits and in what ways from differing types of child care services. This research should include larger samples, part-time and full-time employed mothers, low income families, single mothers, mothers with infants, mothers of children in need of after school services, and mothers who work evening and night shifts.

Adult↗