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Biomedical subjects

M Diamond

Publications and source records attributed to M Diamond.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemotherapy of mammary carcinomas arising in ras transgenic mice.

Transgenic female mice carrying the V-Ha-ras transgene linked to the MMTV promoter, which developed mammary carcinomas, were treated with selected cancer chemotherapy drugs. Agents were administered i.p. on a daily x 9 schedule when mice developed tumors that were 50-100 mg in size. Drugs which are clinically effective against breast cancer were quite efficacious in the transgenic model at their maximum tolerated dose. Doxorubicin produced excellent responses in tumor-bearing transgenic mice, with several mammary carcinomas undergoing tumor shrinkage. Two anthrapyrazoles, DuP 937 and DuP 941, novel anticancer drugs with phase 2 activity against breast cancer, were as effective as doxorubicin in the oncomice. Mitoxantrone, a synthetic agent with some properties similar to the anthracyclines, also had antitumor activity, but not as pronounced as obtained with doxorubicin or the anthrapyrazoles. Cisplatin, a drug with limited use in human breast cancer, only caused modest antitumor responses. A computerized data analysis method based on the area under the tumor growth curve was developed to better quantitate the data and provide statistical information. This quantitative analysis confirmed the high statistical significance of the activity of doxorubicin or the anthrapyrazoles in the ras transgenic model, and defined an excellent dose response relationship for each drug tested. Our results suggest that the ras transgenic model may be useful for identifying drugs that have efficacy for breast cancer in women.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of botulinum toxin A on upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: Botulinum toxin A inhibits presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and has reportedly been successful in the treatment of spastic disorders. This prospective study attempted to determine whether botulinum toxin A injection resulted in clinically measurable gains for 4 mo. DESIGN: Measurements were obtained from 32 children (range, 1-18 yr; average age, 6.9 yr) with hemiplegic or quadriplegic cerebral palsy before and at 1, 3, and 4 mo after botulinum toxin A injections. Spasticity was measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale for 12 different joints. RESULTS: Results showed that spasticity as measured by Ashworth scores for elbow and wrist extension clearly declined (P < 0.02) by 1 mo after botulinum toxin A injection, and diminished spasticity continued for 3-4 mo. Caregivers reported improvement in subjectively rated management, appearance, and function. However, patient response to botulinum toxin A injection was not predictable. Age had no significant relationship to gains. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed on the use of botulinum toxin A to diminish spasticity and improve function.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women who obtain repeat abortions: a study based on record linkage.

The proportion of induced abortions in a year that are repeat procedures rises over time, but this rate is as low as can be expected given the shortcomings of currently available contraceptives. There is no evidence that women substitute abortion for contraception. Teenagers and poor women have greater difficulty avoiding unwanted pregnancies.

Abortion, Induced↗