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Biomedical subjects

M Dhont

Publications and source records attributed to M Dhont.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Steroid determinations in human ovarian follicular fluid using capillary gas chromatography.

A method is presented based on capillary GLC using both a thermionic and a flame ionization detector to simultaneously analyse all major unconjugated steroids in ovarian follicular fluids (FF). Although specificity can not always be guaranteed for the smaller concentrations of androstenedione and cortisol, accuracy and reproducibility are excellent for the major progestagens and estrogens (progesterone, 17- and 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, estradiol and estrone). Above all the analysis is performed with relatively cheap instrumentation and products. Apart from the "profiles" of unconjugated steroids, a semi-quantitative analysis of steroid conjugates is possible if a preliminary group separation with disposable anion exchanger columns is included.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1990

Possibilities and limitations of techniques of assisted reproduction for the treatment of male infertility.

Since relatively few spermatozoa are needed for oocyte fertilization during gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) or in-vitro fertilization (IVF), these methods have been applied in couples with infertility due to male causes. Forty-six couples with male factor infertility were enrolled in this study and results were compared with those attained in 48 couples treated with the same techniques for other than male causes. Overall, GIFT resulted in 26% ongoing pregnancies. GIFT seems to be particularly successful when the sperm concentration is 20 x 10(6)/ml or more, but sperm motility and/or morphology are poor. Nine pregnancies occurred out of 26 GIFT cycles in 18 cases selected on this basis. The ongoing pregnancy rate after IVF was 16% per patient. The latter treatment should be attempted in male immune infertility and in cases with a low sperm concentration, with or without abnormal sperm motility and/or morphology. In these circumstances, five pregnancies were attained out of 28 cycles in 14 cases. For similar sperm concentrations, the conception rate per cycle attained with techniques of assisted reproduction was more than twice that attained with conventional treatment of male infertility.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Value of sperm characteristics and the result of in-vitro fertilization for predicting the outcome of assisted reproduction.

The outcome of procedures for assisted reproduction, namely in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) were used as end-points to assess the capacity of particular sperm characteristics to predict the fertilizing potential of semen. In addition, the result of IVF performed with spare oocytes from the GIFT procedure, was used to predict the pregnancy outcome of GIFT. The power of sperm characteristics to predict the outcome of assisted reproduction procedures was poor. With regard to the outcome of IVF, sperm morphology was the best discriminant. The threshold value of 16% normal sperm morphology could be used as a good predictor of successful IVF, but could not be applied as a criterion to reject an IVF trial. For the latter purpose, the limit of 5% sperm with normal morphology should be used. The proportion of sperm with grade A motility in native semen provided the best discrimination between GIFT-fertile and GIFT-infertile cases. A negative result from IVF performed with spare oocytes was 93% accurate in predicting unsuccessful outcome of GIFT. Hence, diagnostic IVF is the most sensitive assay for male fertility. The occurrence of oocyte fertilization during IVF predicts a successful outcome of GIFT in only 50% of cases. Hence, a negative result in IVF indicates that semen is almost certainly infertile, but a positive result does not guarantee the successful outcome of GIFT.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of different procedures of semen preparation on antibody-coated spermatozoa and immunological infertility.

To assess whether procedures of semen preparation can reduce the proportion of antibody-coated spermatozoa, semen samples with positive direct mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) were washed in media supplemented with 10% or 50% fetal cord serum (FCS). Washing reduced the MAR to a negative level, but the MAR was identical to that in the native semen when spermatozoa were resuspended in serum-free medium. Donor spermatozoa, recovered after swim-up in media supplemented with 10% or 50% FCS or after passage through a column with 7.5% human serum albumin (HSA), were incubated in serum samples with both agglutinating and cytotoxic antisperm antibodies. Cytotoxic activity was significantly reduced against sperm filtered over the albumin column.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1988

Clinical and hormonal effects of long-term veralipride treatment in post-menopausal women.

The clinical and hormonal effects of long-term, continuous treatment with veralipride, a benzamide derivative, were investigated in 10 post-menopausal women. The efficacy of veralipride in relieving hot flushes was confirmed. No significant change was detected in depressive mood scores. Except for the late appearance of moderate extrapyramidal side effects in one patient, the clinical tolerance of veralipride was good. As regards hormonal effects, veralipride, by virtue of its antidopaminergic action, raised prolactin levels. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels declined significantly, while the serum concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) increased. These hormonal changes were presumably secondary to the chronic hyperprolactinaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Oligohydramnios, renal insufficiency, and ileal perforation in preterm infants after intrauterine exposure to indomethacin.

Three preterm infants exposed antenatally to indomethacin developed a characteristic syndrome consisting of edema and hydrops with a bleeding disorder at birth, oliguric renal failure during the first 3 postnatal days, and acute pneumoperitoneum resulting from localized ileal perforation(s) at the end of the first week of life. Despite the value of indomethacin for arresting preterm labor, the physician must take into account the potential hazards of drug toxicity.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

A randomized study of two cups for vacuum extraction.

O'Neil designed a set of suction cups which, because of more efficient lateral pull and greater maneuverability, were claimed to be more efficient and perinatally safer than the Malmström model. These claims were checked by comparing the two instruments in a randomized controlled trial comprising 410 attempted elective extractions. The two instrument groups were comparable at entry and the operators had a similar degree of experience, the sole inter-group difference being the 0.5 cm larger diameter of the O'Neil cups. No significant differences were found between the two types of instrument as to failure rate, incidence of correct cup positioning, and capacity of eliciting internal rotation nor was there a significant divergence in neonatal safety. In a few cases the perineum was lacerated by the traction cord affixed to the O'Neil instrument. The results of this study indicate that the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two cup models are unremarkable.

Extraction, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1987

Bromocriptine in an injectable retard form for puerperal lactation suppression: comparison with Estandron prolongatum.

Intramuscular injection of a single 50-mg dose of long-acting bromocriptine microspheres was compared with a single intramuscular dose of an estradiol/testosterone ester combination in a single-blind, randomized study of 54 subjects. Bromocriptine was significantly more effective than the steroid drug in preventing milk flow, and rebound lactation was not observed in any bromocriptine-treated patients. Neither group showed deleterious side effects or significant biologic changes in coagulation parameters. There were no blood pressure or electrocardiographic alterations. Postpartum prolactin suppression was more intense after bromocriptine administration than after steroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A solid virilizing granulosa cell tumour.

Clinical signs of virilization in patients with granulosa cell tumours are reported in approx. 2% of the cases, but hormonal investigation has been rarely performed. We present the clinical, histological and hormonal data obtained in a premenopausal, amenorrhoeic woman, with a testosterone-producing granulosa cell tumour. Based on the peripheral-ovarian hormone gradients, the biosynthetic pathway of steroidogenesis in this case is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ovulation stigma and concentration of progesterone and estradiol in peritoneal fluid: relation with fertility and endometriosis.

The relationship between the presence or absence of an ovulation stigma and (1) the fertility status, (2) the incidence of endometriosis, (3) the concentration of progesterone and estradiol in the peritoneal fluid, and (4) the blood levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and estradiol in 21 fertile and 45 infertile patients who underwent a laparoscopy in the early (n = 48) or late luteal phase (n = 18) was investigated. An ovulation stigma was observed in about half of the patients, irrespective of their fertility status (past and subsequent), the presence of endometriosis, or the time of the luteal phase. Progesterone and estradiol concentrations in the peritoneal fluid were highest in the early luteal phase, but they were not correlated with the presence or absence of an ovulation stigma. No significant differences were observed in peripheral hormone levels between women with and those without an ovulation stigma nor between women with high or low concentrations of progesterone in the peritoneal fluid. From the data, it is concluded that hormone assays are of no aid in the diagnosis of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome and that the absence of an ovulation stigma on laparoscopic examination cannot be equated with the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Screening for multiple pregnancy. Determination of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) and human placental lactogen (hPL) in blood during the second trimester of pregnancy.

The value of single determinations of serum hCG, hPL, and alpha FP for the detection of multiple pregnancy was investigated in a consecutive series of 992 women between the 14th and 24th week of pregnancy. With the 90th percentile as referent value, all twin pregnancies (n = 10) were detected by the combined results of the three determinations. Considered separately, hPL proved to be the most useful indicator of multiple gestation; the sensitivity of hPL alone was 70% and the predictive value of hPL concentrations above the 90th percentile was 8.1.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1983

Metoclopramide and breast milk.

Thirteen primiparous nursing mothers participated in this placebo-controlled double blind trial of metoclopramide. Therapy was started on the first postpartum day and continued for 8 days. Seven women received metoclopramide (10 mg, 3 X dd). Serum prolactin and milk yield were measured during the trial. The breast milk composition was analysed during the trial and weekly for 3 wk after the trial. A detailed analysis of the amino acid content was performed on the 6th and 21st postpartum days. During the early puerperium the total milk yield was ca. 50% greater in the metoclopramide-treated group compared to the control group. The evolution of the breast milk composition was similar for both groups, except for the amino acid content. The shift in amino acid composition occurred earlier in the treatment group indicating that metoclopramide enhances the rate of transition from colostrum to mature milk.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Successful pregnancy in an abortion-prone woman: prostaglandin and hormone levels during implantation, gestation and lactation.

Serum progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, prostaglandin E2, F2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha and urinary immunoractive prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha were measured throughout gestation in a woman who previously had experienced three abortions, an immature birth of a twin and a term single pregnancy. Prostaglandin-mediated symptoms such as uterine sensitivity and contractions, backache, spotting, vomiting and diarrhea were carefully registered and have been correlated with the variations in prostaglandin levels. The effect of therapy with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor and a beta-adrenergic drug on prostaglandin levels was also studied. The rise of prostaglandin E2 level observed during implantation is discussed.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗