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Biomedical subjects

M Dawe

Publications and source records attributed to M Dawe.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Interpretation of serum digoxin values in renal failure.

We have studied three circumstances that have been reported to make interpretation of the serum digoxin concentration difficult in patients with renal failure: increased biotransformation; endogenous digitalis-like factors (DLF); and sudden, unexpected increases in serum digoxin values, even after the discontinuation of digoxin. Biotransformation, as estimated by the percent true digoxin in serum, was comparable in patients with renal failure who were dependent on dialysis and in control subjects (76% vs. 73%). Certain commercial immunoassays did not, or rarely, gave values for DLF of clinical significance (greater than 0.2 ng/ml digoxin equivalents) in patients with a wide range of renal dysfunction who were not receiving digoxin. With a sensitive method, values for DLF did not exceed 0.23 ng/ml in 22 dialysis patients dependent on dialysis, but were significantly increased in comparison with values in control subjects. The case histories of two patients with renal failure, acute illness, and sudden unexpected marked increases in serum digoxin concentrations are presented and possible explanations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young adults.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the social attractiveness of a young adult would be influenced by his or her dentofacial appearance. Black and white photographs of an attractive male, an unattractive male, an attractive female, and an unattractive female were obtained and modified so that, for each face, five different photographic versions were available. In each version, the face was standardized except that a different dentofacial arrangement was demonstrated. These were normal incisors, prominent incisors, absence of upper left lateral incisor, severely crowded incisors, and unilateral cleft lip. Eight hundred young adults were shown one of the twenty photographs and asked to estimate the represented individual's social characteristics along a number of bipolar scales. Each photograph was viewed by a different group of forty young adults, equally divided as to sex. Their impressions of the depicted individuals' social attractiveness were recorded on visual analogue scales. The experimental procedure was such that the effect and interaction of different levels of facial attractiveness, different dentofacial arrangements, sex of the photographed individual, and sex of the judge could be analyzed. Faces displaying a normal incisor relationship gained the most favorable ratings for eight of the ten characteristics examined, and in four of these differences across the range of dental conditions were statistically significant. These were perceived friendliness, social class, popularity, and intelligence. The prominent incisor condition was rated highest for compliance and honesty, while the condition representing a unilateral cleft consistently attracted low ratings. Background facial attractiveness of either the male or female stimuli was often more assertive than the individual dental condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Combined liquid chromatography/radioimmunoassay with improved specificity for serum digoxin.

This method for assaying digoxin in serum with improved specificity combines small-column extraction of serum, "high-performance" liquid chromatography, and RIA of the eluted fractions. Analytical recoveries of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 microgram/L standards were 95%, 93%, and 84%, respectively. The CVs for duplicates and replicates of sera with values of 0.5 to 1 microgram/L were 4 to 6%. Fifty-nine sera from 50 patients receiving digoxin were so studied. All digoxin metabolites appear to cross react with antibody to digoxin to various degrees. The most polar metabolites were quantitatively the most important, their average cross reactivity being 33%. For eight patients the value for digoxin by the present method was less than 60% of the RIA value. Sera from nine patients not taking digoxin but with falsely high digoxin values were also studied by the present method. The digoxin peak was well resolved from those for (a) digoxin metabolites (except dihydrodigoxin), (b) digitalis-like factors in neonates and in patients with renal failure or combined hepatic and renal failure, and (c) two cross reacting drugs and their metabolites.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Digoxin-rifampin interaction.

Digoxin doses required to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations rose substantially in two patients dependent on dialysis with the commencement of rifampin therapy. When rifampin was discontinued, doses fell to requirements before rifampin. Serum digoxin concentration may fall to ineffective levels with rifampin therapy and rise to potentially toxic levels when rifampin is discontinued.

Digoxin↗