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Biomedical subjects

M David

Publications and source records attributed to M David.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Rheumatic diseases and hemoglobinopathies in Lomé (Togo)].

This prospective cross-sectional study was designed to determine the frequency and impact of hemoglobinopathies in rheumatology clinic patients in Lomé (Togo). Among the 405 study patients, 142 (35%) had an abnormal hemoglobin, 22% had hemoglobin S, and 16.8% had hemoglobin C. Sickle cell anemia and sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (2% and 4.2% of patients respectively) were associated with vasoocclusive crises and necrosis of the femoral head. Presence of AS or AC (heterozygotic forms of hemoglobins S and C) was found in 15.8% and 12.1% of patients, respectively. These proportions were similar to those reported in the population at large. Presence of AS or AC had no detectable influence on degenerative spinal disease, osteoarthritis of the knee, tendinitis or inflammatory joint diseases. Our data suggest that presence of AS or AC has no adverse significance and should be disregarded when evaluating patients with musculoskeletal symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Fathers in the delivery room--an East/West comparison].

The attendance of fathers in the delivery room to accompany the women giving birth is in Germany quite common. In this study we wanted to compare the results of a questionnaire on feelings, intention an anxiety of attending fathers in an east and west German maternity hospital. Although social acceptance of fathers in the delivery room in the eastern part of Germany is delayed by 10 years (compared to western clinics) the over all impression of attending fathers was similar. We aid find differences concerning the expectations, the way of mental preparing and considerations participating the approaching birth in east and west questionared fathers. The results also showed variable knowledge in respect of pregnancy and birth. We do think that after a time of ("father") experience in the east part of Germany the expression of opinion will adjust.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Mucocele of the appendix as a rare differential diagnosis of adnexa tumor].

It will be reported of a 68 year old woman, who underwent a laparotomy because of a tumor of the right ovary, which was ultrasonographically suspicious of being malign. During the operation, it was diagnosed as a mucocele of the appendix. It will be discussed, whether ultrasound is able to differentiate tumors of the lower right abdomen. Mechanisms of development and clinical signs of the mucocele of the appendix will also be described.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

In vitro activation of the transcription factor gamma interferon activation factor by gamma interferon: evidence for a tyrosine phosphatase/kinase signaling cascade.

Although it has been well documented that the biological activities of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) are initiated through interaction with its cell surface receptor, the signal transduction mechanisms which mediate the effects of this cytokine have remained unclear. In order to facilitate a better understanding of IFN-gamma signaling, we have designed an assay using human fibroblast cell homogenates in which IFN-gamma activates the formation of the IFN-gamma activation factor (GAF) transcription complex. GAF mediates the rapid transcriptional activation of the guanylate-binding protein gene by IFN-gamma. Activation of GAF in homogenates required ATP, but not Ca2+ or GTP. Fractionation of homogenates indicated that both the pellet (18,000 x g) and the remaining cytoplasmic fraction were required for GAF activation by IFN-gamma. In intact cells and cell homogenates, the activation of GAF was prevented by the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Treatment of GAF-containing nuclear extracts with either monoclonal antiphosphotyrosine antibody or protein tyrosine phosphatase prevented the assembly of the transcription complex, indicating that its formation required phosphorylation of tyrosine residues. Furthermore, the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors phenylarsine oxide and zinc chloride also inhibited GAF formation in vitro, but only if these agents were added to cell homogenates before IFN-gamma was added. The addition of either agent 5 min after IFN-gamma had no effect. These results provide the first evidence for an IFN-gamma-regulated tyrosine phosphatase/kinase signaling cascade that permits this cytokine to activate the transcription of an early-response gene.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

[Changes in cervix cytology in women with liver transplants treated with immunosuppressive therapy].

During the time 1989 to 1992 we collected PAP smears of 58 women before and several times after a liver transplantation. Five of the patients (= 8.6%) showed a suspicious PAP smear, although pre-transplantation they had a normal cervical cytology. Histological one woman even had a higher grade dysplasia. 30 women received FK 506 after the liver transplantation, 28 patients Cyclosporin A as long-term medication. Likewise kidney and liver transplanted women have a higher risk to be affected by a cervical neoplasia. A acceleration of malignant growth seems to be likely. The influence on the cervical cells of both immunosuppressive drugs Cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) and FK 506 seem to be similar. It should be recommended to perform a close-meshed cervical cytology control when following -up the female liver transplant recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of stage IIb or III cancers of the uterine cervix. Long-term results of a multicenter randomized trial of 151 patients].

Present chemotherapy, with cisplatin combinations, currently offers the possibility of seeking adjuvant therapy in locally advanced and bulky carcinomas of the cervix, which have an unfavorable prognosis (nodal involvement). This initial adjuvant chemotherapy may improve the results of classical pelvic irradiation. From 1982 to 1987, a randomized phase III trial was performed in order to determine the long term effect of induction chemotherapy before irradiation in stage IIb-N1, III, M0 squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. Radiotherapy (R) for all patients consisted in 50 Gy in the pelvis with a boost by external irradiation of the brachytherapy (cumulative dose of 68 Gy). The chemotherapy regimen (C + R group) was an association of methotrexate, chlorambucil, vincristine and cisplatin, given every 3 weeks, at least two courses were to be given before assessing efficacy and two more courses were given to patients who responded. After a follow up of 5-10 years, 76 patients were fully evaluable in the R arm and 75 in the C + R arm. The response rate (> 50%) to chemotherapy was 42.5% and after completion of treatment, remission rate was 93% in the R arm and 96% in the C + R arm. The disease-free survival was 40% in the C + R group and 35% in the R group, and the median survival was 42 and 45 months respectively (NS). The survival of patients with a complete response at the end of radiotherapy was significantly better in the C + R group when they are responding to chemotherapy, than in R group (P < 0.05). Radiotherapy was not modified whether patients had an initial chemotherapy or not; tolerance was not significantly different between the two groups. Efficacy of induction chemotherapy is an available test for long term results. This approach has the potential for improving the outlook in patients with high-risk primary cancer: earlier use and higher dose intensity of chemotherapy may be associated with a better cytoreduction, and probably a better survival. Further controlled investigations are warranted to confirm the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Melatonin and jet lag: confirmatory result using a simplified protocol.

This study replicates the alleviation of jet-lag with melatonin in a simplified protocol for eastward flight. At 22-n hr (n is the time-lag between the North American departure point and France), subjects took either melatonin (8 mg, n = 15), or placebo (n = 15) on the day of the return flight and for 3 consecutive days. On day 8, self-ratings significantly discriminated between melatonin and placebo for global treatment efficacy, morning fatigue, and evening sleepiness.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Activation of transcription factors by interferon-alpha in a cell-free system.

The signal transduction mechanisms of interferons (IFNs) remain unclear partly because no effect of IFN has been reproducible in a cell-free system. IFN-alpha rapidly induces the transcription of a set of early response genes, and a multicomponent transcriptional activator, interferon stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), is activated within minutes after binding of IFN-alpha to its receptor. A system was developed in which IFN-alpha activated ISGF3 in homogenates of HeLa cells. Subcellular fractionation revealed that incubation of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction with IFN-alpha was sufficient to activate the regulatory subcomponent of ISGF3.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis after germander (Teucrium chamaedrys) administration: another instance of herbal medicine hepatotoxicity.

OBJECTIVE: To show that germander (Teucrium chamaedrys), an herbal medicine used to facilitate weight loss, may be hepatotoxic and to delineate the nature of the injury. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Liver units of several centers in the French Network of Pharmacovigilance. PATIENTS: Seven patients who developed hepatitis after germander administration and who had no other cause of liver injury. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical examination, liver function tests, various serologic tests, ultrasonography, and histologic study. RESULTS: Hepatitis characterized by jaundice and a marked increase in serum aminotransferase levels occurred 3 to 18 weeks after germander administration. Liver biopsy specimens in three patients showed hepatocyte necrosis. After discontinuing treatment with germander, jaundice disappeared within 8 weeks and recovery was complete in 1.5 to 6 months. In three cases, germander readministration was followed by the prompt recurrence of hepatitis. CONCLUSION: Germander may be hepatotoxic, which supports the view that herbal medicines are not always as safe as generally assumed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Influence of oxygen radicals generating agents on eicosanoid metabolism of human endothelial cells.

Human umbilical venous endothelial cells were incubated with increasing concentrations (0.001-10 mmol/l) of H202 or cumene hydroperoxide. PGI2 was released within the first five minutes, whereas a significant increase in TXA2-release was not observed before 10 minutes after stimulation. Furthermore the content of intracellular ATP and the level of cytosolic free Ca2+ were measured. Doses of 0.01 mmol/l H202 or cumene hydroperoxide increased the intracellular ATP-level. Doses higher than 0.1 mmol/l led to a decrease of ATP. The cytosolic free calcium (Ca2+) increased on stimulating the cells with 0.1 mmol/l cumene hydroperoxide between 120 and 240 seconds after stimulation, whereas 0.1 mmol/l H202 had no effects. These data give strong evidence, that eicosanoid-synthesis is directly started by oxygen radicals, followed by an elevation of intracellular free Ca2+.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of bacterial infections on vascular prosthesis. Histological and microbiological analysis].

A retrospective study of 212 vascular graft failures, using different criteria of infection evidenced a relatively high incidence of infectious complications. Vascular graft infection was assessed on one of the following criteria: clinical infection, positive bacteriological and/or virological examination of the graft, presence of characterized micro-organisms and of microstructures 0.1 to 0.5 micron in size at the blood/prosthesis surface at scanning electron microscopy, and presence of foci of persistent polymorphonuclear cells and lymphocytes at histological microscopy. In the absence of overlapping between these criteria, the present results raise the question of the adequacy of conventional bacteriological sampling on explanted artificial surfaces.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗