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Biomedical subjects

M David

Publications and source records attributed to M David.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Determination of IgG subclasses in patients with pemphigus with active disease and in remission.

IgG subclasses were determined in perilesional skin of 13 patients with pemphigus with active disease and of 14 patients in a state of clinical remission. Using indirect immunofluorescence technique, frozen sections were incubated with mouse monoclonal antihuman IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 followed by a second incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat antimouse IgG. The results showed that among patients with active disease, IgG1 was found in all of them and IgG4 in 85%, while IgG2 and IgG3 were found in 54% and 77%, respectively. For patients in remission the most common subclass was IgG4 in 79% of patients, and in a decreased order IgG1, 50%; IgG3, 29%; and IgG2, 14%. It appears that IgG1 and IgG4 are predominant among patients with active lesions. IgG1 seems to be the most sensitive indicator for activity of the disease. IgG4, normally found in the lowest concentration in human serum, is the most common subclass in patients who are in remission. IgG3 and C3 may have a predictive value for remission.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[High-resolution x-ray computed tomography in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia].

Three patients with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (two HIV 1+ patients with chronic lymphadenopathic syndromes and one with a not-characterized autoimmune disease) have been studied with high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT). This technique reveals septal lines, small reticulonodular opacities, polyhedral micronodular opacities, "ground-glass" opacities and a dense, subpleural, curved broken line in one patient. The lesions dominate in the bases of the lungs. They are not characteristic for lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. If a patient present with a chronic lymphadenopathic syndrome, the diagnosis of an opportunistic infection should not be automatically made, since the syndrome can be caused by lymphoid interstitial pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Cancers of the breast at metastatic high-risk: prediction of survival by steroidal receptors].

From 1982 to 1985, 279 patients with locally advanced breast cancer have been treated with induction chemotherapy, adjusted loco-regional treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy) and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without immunostimulation. Overall and relapse free survivals are better for tumors with estrogen and progesterone receptors (EPR). For these patients, we may hope that tumoral reduction with hormonotherapy would get the same overall and relapse-free survivals as induction chemotherapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Amelogenesis imperfecta and hypothalamo-hypophyseal insufficiency].

Eleven patients with hypopituitarism, medio-facial hypoplasia and amelogenesis imperfecta were examined. The hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction affected somatotrophic, gonadotrophic, corticotrophic and thyrotrophic function. The facial anomalies included medio-facial hypoplasia with hypertelorism and amelogenesis imperfecta. The latter--hypoplastic in nature--was noted in all anterior teeth and affected both dentitions. The enamel defect was confirmed on microscopic examination of an impacted tooth. The spectrum of malformation may also present as amelogenesis imperfecta in association with somatotropin deficiency. A genetic mechanism may possibly account for the clinical elements.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta↗
PubMed1988

[Pericardio-peritoneal shunt with the automatic stapler EEA].

Transdiaphragmatic pericardio-peritoneal shunt is an effective answer to the problem of recurrent pericardial effusion. The EEA (end to end anastomosis) stapler is a perfect tool for this technique, being easy to handle and offering the possibility of a pathological examination of the pericardic fragment removed. Five patients underwent this type of surgery with satisfactory results on a 3 to 29 months' follow-up.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Relative sensitivity of different tests in the detection of low titer lupus anticoagulants.

Lupus anticoagulants (LA) and anticardiolipin antibodies have been strongly associated with recurrent abortion and fetal death. Because steroids have been reported to improve the fetal outcome of LA associated pregnancies, presumably by decreasing the levels of LA, it becomes desirable to have a simple and reliable test to monitor the levels of the putative antibody. To this effect, we assessed the capacity of the following coagulation tests to detect the presence of LA in serial dilutions of patient plasma with pooled normal plasma: kaolin clotting time (KCT), tissue thromboplastin inhibition test (TTIT), dilute Russell Viper venom time (DRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time with standard and high concentrations of phospholipids (SC and HCAPTT). All samples were also evaluated for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies with an ELISA. The KCT was able to detect LA at a much greater dilution in normal plasma than any of the other clotting assays. The ELISA was comparable to KCT in its ability to detect high dilutions of LA.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1988

Von Willebrand factor and mitral valve prolapse.

The levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF:Ag) were measured in 27 patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and compared to 27 age matched controls. Decreased levels of vWF:Ag (less than 80%) were found in 59% (16/27) of those with MVP compared to only 7% (2/27) of the controls (p less than 0.001). Mean vWF: Ag levels were also significantly lower in those with MVP (68 +/- 30% versus 100 +/- 23%, p less than 0.001). In those with MVP and congestive heart failure secondary to rupture chordae tendineae, however, the mean level of vWF: Ag was not significantly different from control values (95 +/- 32). There was an increased incidence of recurrent nose bleeds in those with MVP and low levels of vWF:Ag. We conclude that there is a relationship between MVP and low levels of vWF:Ag which may explain the increased incidence of epistaxis in such patients. Increased release of vWF:Ag in those with MVP and concomitant congestive heart failure may account for the normal levels found in this subgroup.

Antigens↗
PubMed1988

Cascade regulation of nif gene expression in Rhizobium meliloti.

We report the discovery of two genes from Rhizobium meliloti, fixL and fixJ, which are positive regulators of symbiotic expression of diverse nitrogen fixation (nif and fix) genes. nif gene regulation is shown to consist of a cascade: the fixLJ genes activate nifA, which in turn activates nifHDK and fixABCX. Like nifA, fixN can be induced in free-living microaerobic cultures of R. meliloti, indicating a major physiological role for oxygen in nif and fix gene regulation. Microaerobic expression of fixN and nifA depends on fixL and fixJ. The FixL and FixJ proteins belong to a family of two-component regulatory systems widely spread among prokaryotes and responsive to the cell environment. We propose that FixL, which has features of a transmembrane protein, senses an environmental signal and transduces it to FixJ, a transcriptional activator of nif and fix genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6/BSF-2/HSF) regulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins in human hepatocytes.

Recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) is a potent inducer of the synthesis of acute phase proteins in adult human hepatocytes. A wide spectrum of acute phase proteins is regulated by this mediator. After labeling of rhIL-6 stimulated human hepatocytes with [35S]methionine acute phase protein synthesis was measured by immunoprecipitation. Serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and fibrinogen were strongly induced (26-, 23-, 8.6-, 4.6- and 3.8-fold increases, respectively). Moderate increases were found for alpha 1-antitrypsin (2.7-fold) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (2.7-fold). RhIL-6 had no effect on alpha 2-macroglobulin, whereas fibronectin, albumin and transferrin decreased to 64, 56 and 55% of controls. In the cases of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, dexamethasone enhanced the action of rhIL-6. We conclude that rhIL-6 controls the acute phase response in human liver cells.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of pirarubicin in advanced cancer patients.

We have studied the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of pirarubicin (4'-O-tetrahydropyranyldoxorubicin) in six patients included in an EORTC phase II study. Pirarubicin was injected as an i.v. bolus of 5 min on 3 consecutive days at a dose of 20 mg/m2 per day. Blood samples were collected at regular times after each injection. Urine was collected over 12 h periods for 3 days and then over 24 h periods. Pirarubicin and metabolites were extracted on Sep-pak cartridges, and analyzed by HPLC with fluorometric detection. Unchanged pirarubicin followed three similar plasma concentration curves, which could be fitted by a two-compartment model with successive half-lives of 22.0 min and 12.7 h. Total plasma clearance of the drug was 90 l/h/m2 and total volume of distribution 1380 l/m2. Doxorubicin was the main metabolite in plasma after an injection of pirarubicin; its concentration was lower than that of pirarubicin but progressively increased from day to day and exceeded the level of pirarubicin 8 h after the 3rd injection of the drug until the end of the blood sampling. Pirarubicinol and doxorubicinol were also metabolites of pirarubicin in plasma; pirarubicinol followed similar plasma concentration curves during the 3 days of treatment whereas doxorubicinol progressively increased from day to day. Total urinary excretion represented about 6% of the dose injected. The same metabolites as in plasma were found in urine. Whereas the total amount of pirarubicin and pirarubicinol was the same in urine during the 24 h after each injection, the amounts of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol excreted increased from day to day, so that doxorubicin became progressively the main compound in urine after the end of the treatment. The progressive accumulation of pirarubicin metabolites (doxorubicin and doxorubicinol) after the repetitive injections of pirarubicin are probably due to the protracted half-lives of these compounds as compared to that of pirarubicin.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bullous pemphigoid mimicking bullous erythema multiforme: an untoward side effect of penicillins.

Three young and middle-aged patients developed severe bullous eruption after receiving various penicillins. The clinical findings included high fever, prostration, widespread bullous eruption mainly on the head, face, and extremities, targetlike lesions on the palms and soles, and severe erosions in almost all the mucous membranes. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies were those of bullous pemphigoid. Complete clearing of the eruption occurred with prednisone therapy. We conclude that drug-induced bullous pemphigoid is a different entity from the classic bullous pemphigoid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Linear IgM dermatosis of pregnancy.

An intensely pruritic dermatosis that occurred in a woman during the third trimester of pregnancy is described. The clinical manifestations included red follicular papules symmetrically distributed on the skin of the forearms, abdomen, thighs, and legs. The histopathologic findings were not specific. However, immunopathologic examination revealed dense linear deposition of IgM in the dermoepidermal junction. The eruption and the immunopathologic findings disappeared at the end of the puerperium. This dermatosis differs from previously described specific dermatoses of pregnancy because of the clinical appearance and the immunopathologic findings. Thus we propose the term linear IgM dermatosis of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Electromyographic abnormalities in patients undergoing long-term therapy with etretinate.

Neuromuscular evaluation including electromyographic studies and serum muscle enzyme level determinations were performed in 13 patients who had been receiving etretinate for 1 to 2 1/2 years. None of the patients had complained of muscle pains or weakness. In 3 of 13 patients the electromyographic studies showed low amplitude and short duration action potentials. Mild muscular weakness was detected in one of these three. The levels of serum muscle enzymes were within the normal range in all patients. Results suggest that etretinate may cause subclinical muscle damage. In view of our results and previous reports, it seems that neuromuscular evaluation should be part of the routine follow-up of patients receiving long-term therapy with etretinate.

Action Potentials↗