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Biomedical subjects

M Danis

Publications and source records attributed to M Danis.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Malaria chemoprophylaxis. Resistance problems].

Several drugs are used for malaria chemoprophylaxis: 4 amino-quinolines, antifolics, combinations of sulfonamides and antifolics, and new anti-malarial agents, including mefloquine. The indications and contra-indications of their use are reviewed with respect to their tolerance and pharmacokinetics. Severe side effects associated with the administration of sulfonamide + pyrimethamine are discussed. The development of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and other agents creates a new challenge for chemoprophylaxis. The choice of chemoprophylaxis is dictated by the geographical incidence of resistance: in low risk areas (no chloroquine resistance), 4-amino-quinolines should be used because of the good tolerance; in medium risk areas (low frequency of resistant strains), amodiaquine is useful for prophylaxis and presumptive treatment of fevers is indicated; in high risk areas (high incidence of resistant strains), no anti-malarial agent but the newly developed mefloquine is effective.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1985

[Serologic diagnosis of hydatidosis. 235 cases].

UNLABELLED: 229 hydatidosis and 6 multivesicular echinococcosis have been studied by hemagglutination test (HA) and immunoelectro-diffusion test (IED). RESULTS: hepatic hydatidosis: 177 patients. The HA test is positive in 82%, IED test is positive in 92%. Pulmonary hydatidosis: 46 patients (20%). The HA test is positive in 61,5% and IED test is positive in 80%. HA and IED tests are negatives in 6 patients. The others localisations are: hepato-pulmonary hydatidosis, 28 patients, cerebral hydatidosis, 10 patients, splenic or renal hydatidosis, 8 patients, osseous hydatidosis, 5 patients, cardiac hydatidosis, 3 patients, ocular hydatidosis, 2 patients and pancreatic or muscular hydatidosis, 1 patient. The negativation or the decrease of antibodies after treatment in 38 patients are obtained in 2 or 3 years. An increase of antibodies take place in case of relapse.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1983

[Colonic amebiasis due to venereal transmission. Apropos of 2 cases].

Intestinal amebiasis is an ubiquitous disease which is hyperendemic among high promiscuity homosexual males living under temperate climates. Sexual behaviour, especially oroanal contacts which are common in this population, as well as the multiplicity and sometimes anonymity of partners are responsible for this high prevalence. Individual prophylaxis involves local hygiene before intercourse and a decrease in the number of sexual contacts with different partners. Community prophylaxis is essential and consists in information of general practitioners and "gays" about the different means of transmission of amebiasis, its clinical manifestations and the necessity of routine parasitological stool examinations at regular intervals. We report on two cases and discuss these various considerations in the light of data from the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Muscular hydatidosis. Apropos of 2 cases].

Muscular hydatid disease is uncommon. It usually consists in a primary single cyst which remains asymptomatic. Diagnosis is made upon pathological examination after a surgical procedure carried out to establish the cause of a swelling. Indeed, in most cases serology is not helpful and, moreover, it rapidly becomes negative after surgery. We report two cases and discuss the features of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Litomosoides carinii infection in cotton-rats before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine and suramin: evolution of free serum antigens.

Immunoelectrodiffusion was used to detect free serum antigens after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and Suramin (S) in 30 cotton-rats infected with Litomosoides carinii. Precipitin lines between an antiserum produced by an adult worm extract and the test serum indicated the presence of free antigens in the serum. The number of precipitin lines was between one and 3. Before treatment only 13.3% of infected rats were positive compared with 83.7% after treatment. There was a difference in the delay before the appearance, the persistence and, possibly, the nature of antigens liberated by DEC and S treatment. With DEC release occurred earlier than with S and the antigens persisted for a shorter time. With combined DEC + S therapy the results were similar to those obtained with DEC and S used alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Mefloquine in the treatment and prevention of malaria ].

Mefloquine (WR 142,490 or Ro 21,5998) is a new antimalarial drug, 4-quinoline methanol derivative, with a prolonged half-life in man and a good activity against multidrug resistant P. falciparum strains. Tolerance and pharmacokinetic evaluated in 8 black African subjects, is according to previously studies in American or Asian patients: the mean whole blood half-life is 15,6 days. Efficiency of various regimens (1 g in 3 days; 1,50 g in 3 intakes, one day; 25 mg per kg in one intake) was studied on 39 patients, infected by african strains of P falciparum in 26 cases. Fever and parasitemia disappeared within 3 days in all cases. Sera from these patients showed a complete inhibition of P. falciparum continuous culture on day 30 at least. The use of mefloquine may be actually reserved for area where resistant strains of P. falciparum are widespread. In African this use, in theory possible, is not warrant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of urinary and intestinal bilharziosis with praziquantel. Apropos of 182 cases].

182 patients representing 188 cases of schistosomiasis (including 152 S. haematobium, 34 S. mansoni, and 2 S. intercalatum cases) were treated with praziquantel using 40 mg/kg in a single intake. Biological check-up did not reveal any abnormality that could have been related to the treatment. Clinical side-effects appeared in 25% cases and were essentially gastrointestinal symptoms, headaches, dizziness. Efficiency was assessed by direct parasitological examinations of the feces or urine that were performed after treatment. It reached 91% for S. haematobium and 95% for S. mansoni schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Imported malaria in a hospital in Paris.

The number of cases of imported malaria diagnosed by the Parasitology Laboratory of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group in Paris has shown a significant increase in recent years. From 1970 to 1979, 443 cases were diagnosed and the annual number recorded during this period rose from seven to 93 cases. This is causing anxiety since Plasmodium falciparum is the principal species observed, affecting two out of three patients. The principal epidemiological characters of malaria imported into France, the diagnostic difficulties and the therapeutic schedules are shown in a study of 192 case histories of patients observed by the authors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Role of reducing equivalents from fatty acid oxidation in mixed-function oxidation: studies with 2-bromooctanoate in the perfused rat liver.

Mixed-function oxidation of p-nitroanisole in isolated perfused livers from fasted rats was studied in the presence and absence of 2-bromooctanoate, an inhibitor of the beta-oxidation of acyl CoA compounds. These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that reducing equivalents from fatty acid oxidation may play a role in drug metabolism in the fasted state. Complete inhibition of ketogenesis, as indicated by beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate production, was achieved with the addition of 0.6 mM 2-bromooctanoate to the perfusate. This concentration of 2-bromooctanoate had no effect on p-nitroanisole O-demethylation measured in isolated microsomes but diminished maximal rates of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation by 78% in perfused livers of fasted, phenobarbital-treated rats. No inhibition of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation was seen in perfused livers from fed rats. Intracellular concentrations of ATP, NADH, glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate decreased significantly in the presence of 2-bromooctanoate; oxygen uptake also decreased by about 50%. These data indicate that by inhibiting endogenous acyl CoA oxidation, 2-bromooctanoate diminishes beta-oxidation of fatty acids, thereby decreasing the supply of NADH for the generation of ATP. This decreases the synthesis of NADPH, an obligatory cofactor for drug metabolism. 2-Bromooctanoate also decreased the concentration of intermediates which act through substrate shuttle mechanisms to move reducing equivalents from the mitochondrial into the extramitochondrial space. It is concluded that the decrease in mixed-function oxidation observed when beta-oxidation of fatty acids is inhibited with 2-bromooctanoate is due to diminished availability of mitochondrial reducing equivalents for the generation of cytosolic NADPH. 24CA-23080

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1980

[Histoplasmosis: clinical, biological, and therapeutic aspects in ten cases (author's transl)].

The authors present 10 cases of histoplasmosis, 3 due to H. capsulatum, and 7 to H. duboisii. The presenting signs were stomatological or laryngeal with H. capsulatum, and ganglionic, cutaneous, or skeletal with H. duboisii. Diagnosis was confirmed by the discovery of histoplasms in the lesions: 7 times the examination of a needle biopsy sample was positive; in 8 cases out of 10, culture on Sabouraud's medium was positive; in 3 cases out of 4 the inoculated hamster showed the presence of a histoplasmosis. Histological examination of lesions biopsies demonstrated histoplasms in the 9 cases studied. The intradermal reaction to histogical examination of lesion biopsies demonstrated histoplasms in the 9 cases studied. The intradermal reaction to histoplasmin, positive in only 1 out of 7 cases, and serological tests which showed precipitating antibodies in only 4 cases out of 10, are of very little diagnostic value. All patients were treated with amphotericin B, sometimes associated with clotrimazole (3 cases), miconazole (1 case), and rifampicin (2 cases). Two relapses occurred, one, after too soon an interruption of treatment relapsed two months later, and the other followed 18 months after a total dose of 4,200 mg of amphotericin. Surgical treatment of active subcutaneous ganglionic and bony foci may be necessary, and was employed in three cases, with a favourable result in a case of severe disseminated histoplasmosis.

Adolescent↗