[Problem of postconvulsive changes in epilepsy].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Dambska.
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The increase of HIV infected population reaching worldwide 10 million of cases leads to a great number of infected women in reproductive age. Finally the perinatally acquired HIV infection has become a great problem. The number of infants with AIDS is estimated at about 160,000. The diagnosis and evaluation of significant clinical symptoms of HIV infection in infants are briefly described in this study. The nervous system being one of targets of HIV infection the neurological manifestation occurring in infants were more extensively discussed. Microencephaly or brain atrophy and psycho-motor developmental delay resulting in progressive or static encephalopathy syndromes were presented.
The neuropathologic examination of symptomatic perinatal HIV infection was performed using a large group of cases from New York Medical Centers. Macroscopic evaluation demonstrated many cases with microencephaly and others with brain atrophy. Microscopically in a part of them, as far as in others without microencephaly/atrophy changes corresponding to HIV encephalitis were found, including multinucleated giant cells, microglial nodules and perivascular infiltrations. In other brains in which inflammatory changes were minimal, myelin lesions were also observed and the picture corresponded to the diagnosis of encephalopathy. In addition lesions of cortico-spinal tracts, mineralization within the basal ganglia and changes of vascular walls with secondary parenchymal lesions were found. Opportunistic infections and neoplastic changes were rare. The review demonstrated the picture of neuropathological changes in pediatric cases that died of AIDS.
Radiation myelopathy is a well-known complication of irradiation therapy of neoplasms in the vicinity of the spinal cord. In the case presented myelopathy developed after therapeutic Co 60 irradiation of lingual carcinoma on the background of spinal vasculo-dysraphic malformation. The pathogenetic mechanism of necrotic myelopathy in this case is discussed.
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