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Biomedical subjects

M Dahl

Publications and source records attributed to M Dahl.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Tracking and predictiveness of serum lipid and lipoprotein measurements in childhood: a 12-year follow-up. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study.

The authors analyzed tracking and predictiveness of serum lipid and lipoprotein measurements in Finnish children and young adults over a 12-year follow-up period. A representative sample of 3,596 healthy subjects aged 3-18 years was examined in 1980. The follow-up studies were done in 1983, 1986, 1989, and 1992. Data were available on serum lipids and lipoproteins, anthropometric measurements, dietary and smoking habits, and use of oral contraceptives. Complete data on serum lipids in 1980 and 1992 were available for 883 subjects (47% males), and they comprised the study cohort for this analysis. Significant tracking was found in each of the serum lipid variables studied. The range of 12-year correlations was 0.48-0.58, 0.53-0.58, 0.53-0.58, 0.57-0.59, and 0.33-0.37 for serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides, respectively. Males showed more tracking than females; there was no clear age trend. Tracking of HDL2 cholesterol was better than that of HDL3 cholesterol (0.64 vs. 0.43, respectively; 3-year tracking). Apolipoproteins A-I and B showed similar amounts of tracking compared with HDL and LDL cholesterol, respectively. Approximately 50% of subjects who initially fell into the extreme quintiles of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were in the same quintiles after 12 years. In multiple regression analyses, childhood obesity, exercise, diet, and smoking habits did not markedly aid the prediction of adult serum lipid values. However, the use of two childhood measurements increased the amount of adult serum lipid variability explained. Although universal screening cannot be endorsed, these findings emphasize the importance of serum lipid measurements in the early detection of familial lipoprotein disorders and in the initial evaluation of coronary heart disease risk in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Methemoglobin reductase deficiency in a cat.

During ovariohysterectomy of a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat, extravasated blood appeared brown. Methemoglobinemia was considered likely on the basis of discoloration of oxygenated blood. The absence of clinical signs of toxicosis, inability to identify a source of oxidant that could cause methemoglobinemia, and persistence of cyanotic-appearing tongue and mucous membranes in this cat made a drug-induced cause unlikely, and was suggestive of a congenital disorder. Subsequent analysis revealed 49.6% methemoglobin (normal, 0 to 1.1%), resulting from erythrocyte methemoglobin reductase deficiency (21% of normal activity).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A mutant cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase affecting timing of chromosomal replication initiation in B. subtilis and conferring resistance to a protein kinase C inhibitor.

A Bacillus subtilis mutant spnA95 was isolated as resistant at 30 degrees C to the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, sphinganine, and temperature sensitive for growth. As deduced by flow cytometry measurements, the mutant has a 35% reduced initiation mass at permissive temperature, resulting in initiation of DNA replication much earlier in the cell cycle than in the wild type. This modification is accompanied by a change in cell size, as determined by phase-contrast microscopy and flow cytometry. Therefore, this strain displays the characteristics of a novel cell clock mutant. spnA is a newly identified gene in B.subtilis and was shown to encode a cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. At non-permissive temperature, the mutant was defective in the synthesis of P70, a protein with several characteristics of PKC (a cysteine-rich protein). As one possibility, we propose that the altered timing of replication may be due to the reduced synthesis of specific cysteine-rich proteins normally involved in controlling chromosomal replication initiation in B. subtilis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Children with early refusal to eat: follow-up during primary school.

Twenty-five children, previously investigated at 3-12 months of age for refusal to eat for at least four weeks with no apparent medical cause, have been followed-up prospectively with respect to feeding characteristics, general behaviour, somatic health and growth. In the present study, 18 of these children, still resident in Uppsala, were reinvestigated during the primary school period. Comparisons were made with 240 classmates. Information was obtained from school health records and from questionnaires completed by teachers and parents concerning the children's current eating behaviour and general behaviour. Compared with the controls, the children who refused to eat at an early age presented more eating problems both at home (p < 0.01) and at school (p < 0.01), but were not different with respect to general behaviour, somatic health or growth. We conclude that children with previous periods of refusal to eat continue to show problematic eating behaviour, not only at home but also at school.

Body Height↗
PubMed1993

Feeding and nutritional problems in children with cerebral palsy and myelomeningocoele.

This study was undertaken to characterize the food intake, current feeding situation and nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy and myelomeningocoele. Thirty children with cerebral palsy and 14 with myelomeningocoele were investigated. The children with cerebral palsy were subgrouped into those with diplegia (11 children), dystonia (10 children), hemiplegia (6 children) and ataxia (3 children). Information was obtained from medical records, current dietary recording and clinical and anthropometric examinations. Feeding problems, low energy intake and wasting were frequent among the children with cerebral palsy, particularly those with the dystonic form. Children with myelomeningocoele gave the impression of being overnourished, despite a seemingly relatively low energy intake. It is clear that nutritional and feeding aspects should receive particular attention in the habilitation of children with various disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Gingival status during chemical plaque control with or without prior mechanical plaque removal in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a mouthrinse regimen comprising both chemical plaque control and mechanical plaque removal. 20 adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were assigned to one of the following 2 regimens: (1) (group 1) mouthrinse twice daily with a 0.1% chlorhexidine solution; or (2) (group 2) the same regimen, but preceded by mechanical removal of plaque and calculus on day 1. All patients were followed for 28 days from the initiation of remission-induction therapy. In group 2, the plaque scores remained lower than those of group 1 throughout the study, although only 3 patients remained completely free of plaque after 28 days. Gingival inflammation as judged by bleeding scores remained unchanged in group 1, whereas in group 2, the degree of inflammation was reduced from 52% (median value) on day 1 to 31% (median value) on day 28. The bleeding scores were also lower in group 2 (31%) than in group 1 (60%) on day 28. No differences were found between the 2 groups with respect to the occurrence of other oral infections. It is concluded that chemical plaque control with chlorhexidine should be preceded by mechanical removal of plaque and calculus, when used in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and thrombocytopenia.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1992

Feeding problems in an affluent society. Follow-up at four years of age in children with early refusal to eat.

Twenty-four children, previously investigated at 3-12 months of age for refusal to eat during at least four weeks with no apparent medical cause, were followed up prospectively and reinvestigated at four years of age. Comparisons were made with 38 controls, selected from the same child health care districts. Information was obtained from parental interviews, medical records and assessments by a speech therapist. At four years of age, 17 of the 24 children with early refusal to eat (71%) were reported by the parents to still have feeding problems and 10 (42%) were reported as hyperactive. Compared to the controls, the children with early refusal to eat seemed to have an equally good prognosis with respect to health, growth and development, but were at risk of later problems with their eating patterns and behaviour.

Body Height↗
PubMed1992

Ten year survival of a patient with advanced pulmonary hypertension and mixed connective tissue disease treated with immunosuppressive therapy.

Pulmonary hypertension is the most frequent cause of death in patients with mixed connective tissue disease. The pulmonary hypertension is progressive and difficult to treat effectively. These patients experience considerable morbidity secondary to diminished cardiac function. We describe a case in which sequential administration of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine A favorably altered the clinical and hemodynamic course of this serious complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Arthroscopy of the human temporomandibular joint.

This paper reviews the indications, technique and results of arthroscopy of the human TMJ. Our results in arthroscopic treatment of 36 patients (48 joints) are reported and the results are comparable with previously reported results. Mainly internal derangements with closed lock and preauricular pain have been treated and in all cases a single puncture technique followed by a blunt sweep procedure was used. All patients have before arthroscopy received a conservative treatment with insufficient result. It is concluded that arthroscopy is an excellent tool in diagnosis and treatment of TMJ disorders. However TMJ arthroscopy should be regarded as a supplement to conventional therapy and an alternative to open joint surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cardiovascular risk in young Finns.

This report describes the general outline and progress of a multicentre study on risk factors of coronary heart disease and their determinants in children and adolescents. "Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns" comprises a cross-sectional study of 3 to 18-year old subjects in 1980, and follow-up studies in 1983 and 1986 in various parts of Finland, and in 1989 in one of the study areas (Turku). The number of participants in 1980 was 3596 (83.1%) of those invited. In 1983 and 1986 83.2% and 77.8% of them, respectively, participated. The study programme has comprised questionnaire data on, for example, general health and living conditions, physical activity, eating habits, smoking, and psychological variables. The physical examination covered height, weight, skinfold thickness, pubertal stages and blood pressure. Blood specimens were obtained to assess concentrations of serum lipids and insulin, and in 1986 also for possible genetic markers of hypercholesterolemia. A 48 hour recall on nutrient intake was obtained from some of the subjects. The follow-up studies have enabled a study of the tracking phenomenon. Other important questions under study include, for example, the possible clustering of risk factors and their determinants. The cohorts studied provide a valuable research basis for the future, with emphasis on enabling a long-term follow-up of the subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Obesity in children, adolescents and young adults.

The prevalence of obesity in Finnish children, adolescents and young adults aged three to 24 years was estimated in three surveys performed within the multicentre project, "Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns" (1980, 1983, 1986). Obesity was defined as either body mass index (weight/height) or skinfold thickness (triceps or subscapular) or both greater than 90th percentiles of age and sex-specific reference data for white children. Its mean prevalences among 9- to 18-year old boys and girls in three surveys (95% confidence limits) were 3.6% (3.1-4.2) and 2.1% (1.7-2.6) as estimated in terms of body mass index and triceps skinfold thickness or 4.3% (3.9-4.9) and 2.6% (2.2-3.1) according to body mass index and subscapular skinfold thickness. Thus the 9- to 18-year old boys were on average more often obese than the girls, but no statistically significant changes in the prevalence of obesity were observed over the period 1980-1986. Body mass index and triceps or subscapular skinfold thicknesses vary in sensitivity as indicators of obesity.

Adolescent↗